《《汤姆_索亚历险记》中顽童的成长与转变林精英.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《汤姆_索亚历险记》中顽童的成长与转变林精英.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、ContentsChinese Abstract2English Abstract31. Introduction41.1 Background Information41.2 Literature Review52. Growth and Transformation of Typical Naughty Boy Tom Sawyer72.1 The Development of Personality72.2 The Change of Emotional Attitude92.3 The Pursuit of Ideal103. The Causes of the Growth and
2、Transformation on Naughty Child113.1 The Experience of Adventures113.2 The Formation of Responsibility123.3 The Growth of Self-consciousness134. Conclusion14References16 汤姆索亚历险记中顽童的成长与转变摘 要汤姆索亚历险记作为19世纪最具影响力的作品之一，在读者心中占据着重要的文学作品地位。马克吐温用部分童年的记忆和小说特有的写作技巧来呈现顽童汤姆的形象。通过一系列的冒险经历，汤姆索亚从最初的顽皮捣蛋到最后的勇敢。少年的自我意
3、识在逐渐成熟。顽童最终实现身心灵的成长变化，更加顽强，善良地返回到现实生活中去。为了更深入了解顽童形象成长的成因，论文首先以主人公汤姆为例，分析他身处不同环境中的举止言行。通过个性发展，情感态度转变以及人生理想追求三个角度，逐步发现顽童的变化。其次论文就环境因素展开探讨，分析顽童成长成熟的原因。顽童在特定的环境下能够逐渐转变，通过对客观世界的适应，能够逐步调整心态。同时，自我意识的苏醒使得顽童最终确定了成长转变的步伐。研究顽童成长的问题有助于我们了解顽童形象的内涵。发现顽童的特别之处，鼓励他们了解自己。本文在站在儿童本位的角度来探究顽童成长和转变，具有一定的创新意义。关键字：顽童；成长转变Th
4、e Growth and Transformation of Naughty Boys in The Adventures of Tom SawyerAbstractAs one of the most influential works in the 19th century, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer occupies an important literary position in readers minds. Mark Twain uses some childhood memories and novel-specific writing skill
5、s to present the image of naughty Tom. Through a series of adventures, Tom Sawyer grows from naughty to the final brave. The self-consciousness of teenagers is gradually maturing. The naughty boy eventually realizes the growth and change of the body and mind, and returns to real life kindly and tena
6、ciously.To further understand the causes of the growth of the image of naughty children, the paper first takes the protagonist Tom as an example to analyze his behaviors in different environments. Through the three aspects of the development of personality, emotional attitude change and the pursuit
7、of life ideal, it can be gradually found the change of naughty boys. Besides, the paper discusses the environmental factors and analyzes the reasons for the growth and maturity of urchins. Naughty boys can gradually change under certain circumstances and adjust their mentality by adapting to the obj
8、ective world. At the same time, the awakening of self-consciousness makes the urchins finally determine the step of growth and transformation.Studying the problem of the growth of naughty children helps us to discover the connotation of the image of naughty children and find the peculiarities of nau
9、ghty children to encourage them to understand themselves. The paper explores the growth and transformation of naughty children from a child-oriented perspective, which has a certain innovative significance.Keywords: naughty children; growth; transformation1. Introduction1.1 Background InformationThe
10、 Adventures of Tom Sawyer is the representative works of Mark Twain in the late 19th century. Tom is a typical image of an American boy, pursuing freedom and taking risks. The protagonist is created by Mark Twain to subvert the perception of people in childrens literature at that time. The naughty b
11、oy is not only humorous in words, but also rebellious in behaviors. For example, he despises one who is called “good child” by adults. In all sorts of his mischief and adventures, the only purpose is to be recognized as a hero. Most people have the stereotype on naughty children. Even they are often
12、 not accepted by traditional educators or misunderstood by society. Therefore, the creation and appreciation of naughty children are neglected to some extent, lacking relevant theoretical researches. Mark Twain creates The Adventures of Tom Sawyer against the background in the great monopoly of Amer
13、ican capitalist economy, which is of profound historical significance. He condenses his childhood experience into the novel and injects his own thoughts, combining microcosm of the times. It breaks away from the vulgar style of childrens memories and is full of the vitality. From contrast and hyperb
14、ole, the novel satirizes the vulgarity and conservatism of the citizens and the hypocrisy of bourgeoisie. From the adventures of the protagonist, the author criticizes the social customs, hypocritical religious ceremonies and the stereotyped school education in the United States, describing the free
15、 and lively minds of children in a cheerful tone.1.1.1 Purpose and SignificanceNaughty boy is the most typical character in childrens literature. The naughty child is a child who loves and yearns for freedom. Naughty refers to children playing in the game and showing their innate desire for freedom
16、and unrestrained natural instincts. It reflects the impulse of childrens life and is the release form of childrens psychological and physical energy. The opposite of the urchin is the clever obedient children, they are quiet and gentle. Therefore, urchins are traditionally regarded as naughty and un
17、disciplined children. In fact, naughty children are neither the problem nor the bad one, but full of the spirit of games. They are alternative characters which are different from orthodox good children in childrens literature. The naughty boy is the protagonist of the game and the spokesman of the s
18、pirit of the game.In the childrens literature, it is accustomed to thinking only the children in need of education, and only to regard education as childrens education, while to ignore the usage for educating the adults themselves. Due to most of the domestic and foreign scholars researches on The A
19、dventures of Tom Sawyer in translation, character image analysis, text writing and aesthetic appeal, but the psychological activities, personality analysis or behavior characteristics of the characters in the novel are slightly inadequate. The paper takes the personality characteristics of naughty c
20、hildren as the basis, Tom Sawyer as an example, combining with the analysis of his external behavior to internal psychology to analyze the growth and transformation of naughty children, which will provide a new perspective for the study of childrens literature. In the creation and appreciation of ch
21、ildrens literature, the correct treatment of the urchins image can exude its unique aesthetic charm. With the most obvious nature, naughty children are representative of all the children. Taking the growth and transformation of Tom Sawyer as an example, the analysis of naughty childrens image is bas
22、ed on the definition of children to broaden the scope of traditional cognition towards naughty boys. Whether the causes behind their growth are in line with the trend of the evolution of naughty children is worth pondering. Through the discussion of childrens behavior and psychology, we need to resp
23、ect childrens interest in their life, finding the growth of naughty children. We believe that the child-oriented view of childrens image can assist educators to protect the precious value of life in childrens mind, which helps children never lose their own special visions to the world.1.2 Literature
24、 Review1.2.1 Oversea Research on The Adventures of Tom SawyerNowadays, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer mainly includes the following aspects: First of all, it is full of humorous narrative techniques. With distinctive humor language characteristics and extremely local language style, the novel possesse
25、s the reputation of the most outstanding work so far in American humor literature. The sense of humor is close to life, keeping the utmost authenticity with life, and reflects in every detail. It can be found that Mark Twain is popular in the world because of the universality and humanity of his hum
26、or. Obviously, what the humor presents to us not only just for laughing, but for combining irony, rationality and tragedy by standing on the basis of humor. Besides, it has a strong realistic sense. Mark Twain, on the other hand, embodies reality in words, such as glasses and the pulpit in the text,
27、 which endows the special aesthetic and practical meanings of the concrete object between the lines. Sharsha V (2018) emphasizes realism and racism in the article Realism and Racism in Mark Twains the Adventures of Tom Sawyer. It illustrates the state of racism in the United States and also indicate
28、s the discrimination in the real world. However, the paper lacks an in-depth explanation of the relationship between realism and other various concepts. If regional elements and realism are integrated, it will be more complete in the research of realism and racism. At the same time, Mohamad Arli Ram
29、adhani (2013) explores the influence of social and cultural phenomena in southern society on the description of Tom Sawyers character. In his Character Building of Tom Sawyer in Mark Twains The Adventures of Tom Sawyer identifies socio-cultural issues that influence the characters of Tom Sawyer. It
30、emphasizes that the biggest reason for character shaping comes from the influence of the social environment. So it cannot be simply summarized as the result of some subjective factors. He says the fact from other angles, such as economic conditions, racism, or Christian cultural values. In addition,
31、 the urchin Tom is often compared to another protagonist. Unlike Huck, the rebellion of the urchin Tom is limited. Oriards (1980) From Tom Sawyer to Huckleberry Finn: Toward Godly Play compares the characteristics of two protagonists, and objectively analyzes the differences of them. It points out c
32、learly that Toms insurgency belongs to a docile rebellion. He has learned to value the resources of his family and community, and to accept a degree of external authority, by going through dangers and mistakes. However, the article lacks in-depth study of the causes. In fact, after comparing the dif
33、ferences, studying the causes can make a better interpretation of the image of the urchins, especially on the social objective factors and the subjective emotions of the characters. Exploring the cause and effect of the characters helps to understand the deeper creation meaning behind the characters
34、.1.2.2 Domestic Research on The Adventures of Tom SawyerIn recent years, most domestic scholars have interpreted the novel from the perspectives of Skopos theory, functional equivalence theory and ideological theory. Moreover, it is of great significance for some researchers to do the study from chi
35、ldrens literature translation. In On the Translation of Childrens Literature from the Perspective of Skopos Theory A Case Study of Two Chinese Versions of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Ma Yanchao (2010) suggests that the basic work of foreign literary translation should be accomplished from the persp
36、ective of children themselves. Chen Huiyan (2010) emphasizes the importance of a schematic framework in the present stage of humor translation. In addition, scholars also focus on the image of children in the novel, from the perspective of urchins to see the American society at that time. In the asp
37、ect of Tom Sawyers image shaping, (Li Shuqin, 2013) the most prominent feature of Toms image is that he breaks social norms and traditional rules of life, enriches his world with his creativity, and pursues his dream with an active and independent mind. Chinese scholars also pay considerable attenti
38、on to Mark Twains creation of humor and satire in his novels, as well as his selection of narrative point of view. As described by Yang Huiyong (2015) in the article which is to analyze the image of Tom Sawyer, Tom is an image of a naughty boy in the article. He is intelligent and naughty, and is di
39、fferent with the unique cunning character of children. He is a special existence who possesses the characteristics of good children and bad children. In the exploration of the characteristics of naughty boy Tom, Qi Yongjiang (1999) says that the erudite naughty boy Tom Sawyer often skips school and
40、is not a good student. But in fact, he is also a learned naughty boy. This contradictory and harmonious feature makes Tom full, lovely, vivid and true.2. Growth and Transformation of Typical Naughty Boy Tom Sawyer2.1 The Development of PersonalityThe formation and development of childrens personalit
41、y has to go through a long and complicated process. Among them, characters and behaviors are the essential embodiment of childrens personality development. It can find that Tom Sawyer has some following distinct features of personality.The naughty boy changes into a rebellious boy. His mischief beha
42、viors always bring a series of difficulties to his aunt Polly. It is interesting that he can always be resourceful to help to smooth the punishments that each mischief brings. Because of the pedantic performance of the teacher, he laughs at them brazenly at school. For the reason of the repressed ru
43、les and regulations in the school, he would rather skip school or take various adventure activities than pretend to love learning. Tom seems out of tune with the whole school. Whats more, everything with the atmosphere there makes him feel a deep emotion of discomfort as a result of the hatred of re
44、striction and meaningless repetition. Mark Twain creates a character Sid, who contrasts to Tom. He is a child who is completely opposed to Tom. He is studious and obedient. A really good child loved by adults such as Aunt Polly. It is with this sharp contrast that Toms rebellious psychology is furth
45、er aroused, making him more disgusted with people and things in this environment. From the beginning, Tom simply pleases himself with simple naughtiness. When he encounters a well-dressed little boy on the street, Tom feels angry without reason, especially in comparison with his clothing. It implies
46、 the reason for Toms rebellious psychology. Children should have their original appearance.From a far-reaching point of view, the reason why Toms naughty performance can be understood and admired by people is that what he has done reflects peoples underlying instincts with the desire for freedom and
47、 the worship of the wild. People always long for freedom, admiring birds flying freely in the air and yearning fish swimming in the deep sea. But, the rules of reality and some sense of self-discipline restrict their behavior and spirit. And Toms performance awakens peoples instincts. Tom Sawyer, wh
48、o can break freely from the shackles of the times, has his own independent opinion and makes reader gratify in pursuit of freedom.Tom is the clever child. Aunt Polly punishes him to whitewash the fence, which is originally a hard and boring job and do not match Toms playful character. But he is smar
49、t enough to turn the boring wall whitewashing into an enviable job for children. “Like it? Well, I dont see why I oughtnt to like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?” he said (Twain, 2008: 25). His words have stirred every child present. Tom not only doesnt need to finish the boring task on his own, but also makes all the children scramble to give anything they h