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1、高考英语短文改错知识点考察高考英语短文改错真题高考英语短文改错知识点考察：万能公式1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有：一般如今时与一般过去时错用;and前后动词时态不一致;主谓不一致;缺少动词,特别是be动词;第三人称单数形式错用;主动语态和被动语态错用。2.名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。3.连词错误：连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词，一般考察从句关系：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。4.冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个
2、音素来断定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)5.形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/bee/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。6.代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。7.非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、
3、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其间隔 较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。8.介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏向;介词的多用或少用高考英语短文改错知识点考察：口诀动词形，名词数;注意形和副;非谓动词细区分;习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析p ;逻辑错误须关注。1、动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.Now my picture and prize is h
4、anging in the library.(are)上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立结实的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。2、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：.so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)3、区分形和副即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和详细用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)Unfortuna
5、te, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。4、非谓动词细区分这是考察最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：.in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)Play football not only
6、 makes us grow up tall and strong but also .(playing)My parents love me.and will do all they can ∧ make sure.(to)上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，如今分词有主动态和进展时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。5、习惯用法要记住主要考察习惯搭配方面的根底知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the
7、 railway station and.(of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)6、句子成分多分析p 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子构造和句子成分作细致的分析p ，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They∧eager to know everything about China and.(were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)第一例漏掉了谓
8、语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例那么是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。7、逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考察对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more).no way of setting the matter e_cept by selling
9、 the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩)，因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开场告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为理解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误)，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：She was smiling but nodding at me
10、.(and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)高考英语短文改错知识点考察：设题1.动词：主要考察时态、主谓一致和固定搭配。时态混用Then the trouble started.We cant open the door.So we asked the policeman for help.很显然此段的主时态是一般过去式，因此应把cant改为couldnt.主谓不一致There were a f
11、ootball game on TV last Saturday evening.a football game决定了谓语动词用单数，故应该把were改为was.固定搭配He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the puter.give up doing sth.是固定用法，故动词buy应该改为buying.2.名词：主要考察单复数混用。Helen is seventeen year old.She is very busy.表示“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，故应把year改为years.3.形容词/副词：主要考察两者之间是否混用
12、。副词代替正确形容词During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.很明显是“与平时相比拟更忙”，因此需要把usually改为usual.形容词代替正确副词As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering e_cited, “e on - get going!”显然应把e_cited改为e_citedly,用来修饰动词cheer.4.介词：主要考察固定搭配，特别是动词和介词的搭配。
13、介词遗漏Im sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.get rid of 是固定搭配，意为“摆脱，除去”。介词多余My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.这里显然是区分because of与because的用法。前者不能接句子，而后者充当连词可以接句子，故应该把of去掉。介词错用(一般为固定搭配)I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”pick
14、out改为pick up.pick out挑选;pick up捡起。5.连词：主要考察句子之间的逻辑关系。常考的三种关系主要是：转折 (but)、并列(and)和因果(because)。One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store.We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.显然，句意为“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买很多东西”，所以应该把but改为because / as / for.6.句式：主要考察that与what或which / how与what之间的转换。这是短文改错的常考点
15、。She never has enough time for that she wants to do.句意为：她没有足够多的时间来做自己想做的事情。很明显应该把that改为what.7.冠词：主要考察冠词是否多余或遗漏。冠词多余So I went to sell newspapers after the school.“放学后”应该用after school表示，故此处定冠词多余，应去掉the.冠词遗漏As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.at an early age表示“很小
16、的时候”，故early前应加不定冠词。8.代词：主要考察代词是否多余或遗漏，以及代词之间的混用。代词多余Dont lose your heart if you fail in the e_am.lose heart表示“泄气，丧失勇气”，而lose ones heart to sb./ sth.表示“爱上，钟情于.”。根据语境，此处很明显是指“别泄气”，故应该把your去掉。代词遗漏A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.应该在classes前加his,表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。代词混用We were living in a big family.We treated each other as brothers and sisters.If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out.根据句意“我们生活在一个大家庭之中，彼此间相处如同兄弟姐妹。假如我们之中谁有困难，其别人就会帮助他/她解决困难”，所以应把them改为us，把other改为others.第 12 页 共 12 页