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1、初中完形填空解题技巧公开课第1页，本讲稿共28页一、中考英语完形填空的命题特点一、中考英语完形填空的命题特点中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生英语基础知识英语基础知识和和综合综合运用语言的能力运用语言的能力，其中包括，其中包括词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力力、逻辑推理和判断能力等。它不仅要求考生具有扎实等。它不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取舍的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。及灵活处理问题的能力。完形填空的命题原则是完形填空的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为
2、辅，突出以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化词汇语境化”。实词中偏重于对。实词中偏重于对动词动词和和名词名词的考查，同时的考查，同时也兼顾对也兼顾对形容词、副词形容词、副词以及其它词类的考查。试题以以及其它词类的考查。试题以情情境意义选择为主境意义选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。第2页，本讲稿共28页 广东高考完形填空题究竟考什么广东高考完形填空题究竟考什么？怎么考？请看以下研究结果。？怎么考？请看以下研究结果。命题揭密命题揭密完型填空的特点：完型填空的特点：(1)(1)首句不设空：首句不设空：因为首句是文章的窗口，不设空有助于因为首句是文章的窗口，不设空有
3、助于考生了解或推测全文的大意，考生了解或推测全文的大意，(2)(2)选项特点：选项特点：同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类，且同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。为同一语法形式。(3)(3)设空方式：设空方式：命题者主要从以下三种层面上设题。命题者主要从以下三种层面上设题。句子层面：句子层面：在理解本句的基础上重要信息点可能在空在理解本句的基础上重要信息点可能在空格前，也可能在空格后。格前，也可能在空格后。句组层面：句组层面：考生需在理解空格所在句及其前一句或后一考生需在理解空格所在句及其前一句或后一句之后才可选出正确答案。句之后才可选出正确答案。语篇层面：语篇层面：必须理解前后
4、几句或上下段落，甚至整个篇必须理解前后几句或上下段落，甚至整个篇章，才可选出正确答案。章，才可选出正确答案。轻语法，重逻辑轻语法，重逻辑第3页，本讲稿共28页How to get high scores？1.正确的答题步骤正确的答题步骤 2.必要的答题技巧必要的答题技巧 3.适量的实践训练适量的实践训练第4页，本讲稿共28页1.1.注重首句，浏览全文注重首句，浏览全文,掌握大意。掌握大意。a.a.应用阅读技能应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读进行缺词阅读.b.b.注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句.2.2.注重语境，瞻前顾后注重语境，瞻前顾后,试填答案。试填答案。a.a.
5、先填上固定搭配与习惯表达先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易的基本句型等较容易的空格空格.b.b.对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力力争突破难点争突破难点.3.3.通读全文通读全文,检查核对检查核对.确保最佳。确保最佳。解题步骤与策略解题步骤与策略第5页，本讲稿共28页hospital nightno/littleWarming-up:请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致1.Mr Black is a doctor,he works in the _.2.A nurse not only works in the
6、day,but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy,so he has _ time to have lunch at home.第6页，本讲稿共28页4.We have an English test this term,its very easy,most students can _this test.5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday,they were very tired _happy.pass butWarming-up:请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致请根据前后文填词，使句子逻
7、辑一致第7页，本讲稿共28页有没有什么技巧呢?第8页，本讲稿共28页Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境）In New York,on a Friday night,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his _1_.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played the
8、 violin as usual.1.A.piano B.guitar C.violin D.saxviolinviolin第9页，本讲稿共28页Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境）Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）（大臣）.Suddenly,he came up with an idea.He asked,“How many baskets of 2 are there in the pool?”.as big as the pool,there is one basket of
9、water2.A.fish B.flowers C.water D.applesbasket of waterwaterbaskets of第10页，本讲稿共28页 When we talked,I discovered（发现）（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _3_ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes
10、 in each class.3.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.laterfiftySkill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）forty-five第11页，本讲稿共28页Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?”I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 4 ，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people ar
11、e deaf（聋的）（聋的）4.A.ears B.eyes C.body D.headsounddeaf第12页，本讲稿共28页 When two people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener pays attention 5 what he or she is speaking5.A.for B.of C.with D.topays attentiontoSkill 3：regul
12、ar collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）pay attention to 注意注意第13页，本讲稿共28页Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great 6 to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.6.A.ad
13、ditions B.sacrifices C.changes D.contributionsmade great tomake contributions to对对做出贡献做出贡献第14页，本讲稿共28页Skill 4：words analysis（词义辨析）（词义辨析）7.But by using literary texts(文学文本文学文本)alongside other texts,teachers can 7 students improve their reading skills.7.A.want B.help C.get D.ask第15页，本讲稿共28页Skill 5：bac
14、kground knowledge（背景知识（背景知识:包括生活及文化方面的）包括生活及文化方面的）But we run so fast that,afterwards,we had trouble 8 .8.A.speaking B.moving C.sleeping D.breathingrun so fast第16页，本讲稿共28页Liumei is among the _9_ ones.The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted(答应给）答应给）Liu a full scholarship-HK$500,000.Not all student
15、s are so fortunate.9.A.poor B.smart C.lucky D.silent 同义重现同义重现第17页，本讲稿共28页Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language.Some of us like _10_ friends while others like different friends.Personally I prefer both.Having similar friends has many advantages.10.A.true B.right
16、C.same D.similar原词重现原词重现反义同现反义同现逻辑关系：转折逻辑关系：转折第18页，本讲稿共28页1 1、context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境）3、regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）2、logic（逻辑）（逻辑）Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧)4、words analysis（词义辨析）（词义辨析）5、background knowledge（背景知识）（背景知识）第19页，本讲稿共28页1.1.Martin Luther King was an important Martin Luthe
17、r King was an important 1 1 of black people in of black people in American.He believed that black people and white people American.He believed that black people and white people should have equal rights.In 1963,Dr Kingshould have equal rights.In 1963,Dr King led a march in Washington D.C.A lot of Am
18、ericans went there led a march in Washington D.C.A lot of Americans went there to take part in the to take part in the 2 2 .They wanted the government to .They wanted the government to 3 3 the laws that were unfair to black people.Dr King believed in the laws that were unfair to black people.Dr King
19、 believed in gaining equal rights for all people through peace and not gaining equal rights for all people through peace and not force.When he was killed in 1968,the United States force.When he was killed in 1968,the United States 4 4 a a great leader.great leader.1)A.runner B.singer C.leader D.teac
20、her1)A.runner B.singer C.leader D.teacher 2)A.crowd B.war C.group D.march 2)A.crowd B.war C.group D.march 3)A.sign B sell C.pass D.change 3)A.sign B sell C.pass D.change 4)A.lost B.found C.bought D.died 4)A.lost B.found C.bought D.died leaderleadermarchmarchthat were unfair tothat were unfair towas
21、killedwas killed第20页，本讲稿共28页2.Every American knows the Mayflower.The Mayflower 2.Every American knows the Mayflower.The Mayflower was the name of the famous _1_ that_2_ from Englandwas the name of the famous _1_ that_2_ from Englandto the new world in 1620.There were 102 pilgrimsto the new world in
22、1620.There were 102 pilgrims（十六（十六世纪英国移民）世纪英国移民）on board.It was a dangerous trip for oneon board.It was a dangerous trip for one small ship to make,and it _3_ more than 66 days .small ship to make,and it _3_ more than 66 days .The pilgrims were very _4_ when they finally saw land.The pilgrims were v
23、ery _4_ when they finally saw land.In this New World,there were no homes or towns.They In this New World,there were no homes or towns.Theyhad to build their own _5_.This became Known as had to build their own _5_.This became Known as Plymouth,Massachusetts.Plymouth,Massachusetts.1)A.flower B.ship C.
24、film D.place 1)A.flower B.ship C.film D.place 2)A.flew B.sailed C.planted D.grew2)A.flew B.sailed C.planted D.grew3)A.made B.took C.spent D.cost3)A.made B.took C.spent D.cost4)A.painful B.fearful C.powerful D.thankful 4)A.painful B.fearful C.powerful D.thankful 5)A.ship B.house C.fields D.city5)A.sh
25、ip B.house C.fields D.cityPlymouth,MassachusettsPlymouth,Massachusettsshipshipwhen they finally saw landwhen they finally saw land第21页，本讲稿共28页Have a try!第22页，本讲稿共28页 Tess was eight years old when her parents talking about her little brother,Andrew.All she knew was that he was very sick and they had
26、no money.Only a very costly 1 could save him now and no one wanted to 2 them the money.She heard Daddy say to her Mother 3 ,“Only a miracle(奇迹)can save him now.”Tess got all the change she had and 4 her way to the drug store.1.A.surgeon B.companion C.protection D.operation2.2.A.borrow B.lend C.make
27、D.leave3.A.happily B.proudly C.angrilyD.sadly4.A.made B.took C.sailed D.passedmake ones way to朝朝走去走去 第23页，本讲稿共28页5.A.doubtful B.bad C.puzzling D.unlucky6.A.buy B.purchase C.sell D.share7.A.looked B.ran C.came D.rolled “What do you want?”the clerk asked.“A miracle.”Tess answered.“My little brother ha
28、s something 5 growing inside his head and my dad says only a miracle can save him now.”“We dont 6 miracles here,little girl.”The clerk said.The clerks brother was a well-dressed man.He 7 over and asked the little girl,“What kind of miracle does your brother need?”come over走近，走过来走近，走过来 look over仔细检查仔
29、细检查 run over撞倒撞倒，跑过去，跑过去 roll over翻滚；翻身翻滚；翻身 第24页，本讲稿共28页8.A.replied B.allowed C.accepted D.expected9.A.tired B.deaf C.nervous D.sick10.A.wait B.beg C.pay D.apply11.A.high B.low C.loud D.excited “I dont know,”Tess 8 with tears in her eyes.“I just know hes really 9 ,but my dad cant 10 for a miracle,s
30、o I want to use my one dollar and eleven cents”.Tess answered in a 11 voice.第25页，本讲稿共28页12.A.exact B.same C.proper D.reasonable13.A.spending B.waste C.charge D.tip14.A.achievement B.success C.medicine D.miracle15.A.devotion B.faith C.trust D.patience “A dollar and eleven cents-the 12 price of a mira
31、cle for a little brother.”smiled the man.That well-dressed man was Dr.Carlton Armstrong,a surgeon.The operation was completed without 13 and it wasnt long before Andrew was home again and doing well.That surgery is a real 14 .It costs one dollar and eleven cents,plus the 15 of a little child.第26页，本讲
32、稿共28页Summary（总结）2 _the answers according to the passage is a good way to do a cloze.Guessing1 You should_the passage,then you may find the answer is just in the passage.read through3:Chose the best answers.第27页，本讲稿共28页Steps of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题步骤完形填空的解题步骤)1 1、跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意3、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案2、瞻前顾后，瞻前顾后，先易后难，先易后难，各个击破各个击破2mins10mins2mins第28页，本讲稿共28页