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1、0101 初三英语初三英语复习复习(句子成分及其句子种类句子成分及其句子种类)人教版人教版(配有练习题配有练习题)一.教学内容：复习句子成分及其句子种类组成句子的各局部叫做句子成分。句子的成分有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。二.句子最根本的结构是：主语谓语主语：在句子中的位置是放在句首：可以作主语的词类有名词、代词、数词、不定式以及词组、从句等等。e.g.The boys are playing football now.名词作主语Two and two are four.数词作主语To learn a foreign language is very useful.动词不
2、定式作主语This is a key.代词作主语。谓语：谓语放在主语之后，动词作谓语，包括及物动词，不及物动词，系动词。e.g.The students are reading books.动词作谓语表语：放在谓语之后，结构是：主语谓语系动词表语用作表语的词有名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，不定式，词组，从句等等。e.g.We are students.名词作表语This desk is hers.代词作表语Lee is fifteen.数词作表语Sarahs car looks nice.形容词作表语Our plan is to plant trees.动词不定式作表语Is your fat
3、her in?表示地点的副词作表语宾语：宾语放在谓语之后，结构是：主语谓语及物动词宾语，宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。e.g.Please pass me the salt.间接宾语直接宾语用作宾语的词有：名词，代词，数词，不定式短语，名词性的形容词或从句。e.g.Do you need any help?名词作宾语Would you like to help me?代词作宾语He bought ten oranges.数词作宾语The teacher wants to take these chairs out of the room.动词不定式作宾语宾语补足语：在
4、句子中放在宾语之后，结构是：主语谓语及物动词宾语宾语补足语可以用作宾语补足语的词有：名词，形容词，不定式和分词。名词或者代词形容词/名词/不定式/分词e.g.Did you hear her sing just now?动词不定式作宾补I saw him cleaning the window yesterday.分词作宾补Let us have a rest.不定式短语作宾补状语：一般放在句尾，有时放句首或句中。作状语的词有：副词，介词短语、词组，不定式短语，分词短语以及从句。e.g.Immediately he started to sing.副词放句首，作状语Im never late.
5、副词放句中作状语He drives fast.副词放句尾作状语。Please park the car in front of the building.介词短词作状语放句尾They went to Shanghai to have a meeting.动词不定式作状语Jack watched TV day and night.词组作状语定语：请记住有名词或代词的地方都可以有定语。一般情况下单个的名词，代词，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而词组、短语、从句要放在所修饰的名词之后。可以用作定语的词有：形容词，代词，数词，名词或名词所有格、介词短语，不定式短语，词组，分词短语和从句。e.g.代词用作
6、定语放在所修饰的名词前数词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。The worker put the flowers in a paper bag.名词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。Whos the man over there?介词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。动词不定式作定语，放在不定代词之后。从句用作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。三.句子的结构：简单句，并列句和复合句首先看简单句的五种根本句型1主语谓语不及物动词e.g.Summer is coming.2主语谓语连系动词表语。e.g.You are very busy.3主语谓语及物动词宾语e.g.Mr Liu teaches English.4
7、主语谓语及物动词宾语宾语e.g.Mum gave me a dictionary.=Mum gave a dictionary to me.5主语谓语及物动词宾语宾语补足语e.g.Lina asked him to go shopping together.We call him“Uncle WangThe students watched the teacher doing the experiment.并列句：并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成。常用的并列连词有：and,but,or,so,not only but also,both and 等等。e.g.John got up late
8、,so he had to go to school without breakfast.约翰起床晚了，所以只好不吃早饭而上学。Hurry up,or,youll be late.快点儿，否那么要迟到了。We like not only music but also art.我们不但喜欢音乐，而且也喜欢艺术。复合句：复合句是由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成。根据从句在句中的成分可以称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，定语从句，状语从句和同位语从句。e.g.Whether he will come or not is not known.他是否会来还不知道。主语从句It is not known w
9、hether he will come or not.That is what I should do.这是我的本份。表语从句He asked me where Mr Pope lived.他问我 Pope 先生住在哪里。宾语从句The idea that we asked Mike to come yesterday is quite good.昨天我们请迈克来，这个主意太好了。同位语从句这就是我去年夏天住过的房间。定语从句Hell telephone his mother as soon as he gets there.他只要一到那儿，就会给母亲打。时间状语从句Wherever ther
10、e is smoke,there is fire.无风不起浪。地点状语从句Jean didnt go to work because she was ill.Jean 因病没有上班。原因状语从句If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go to the Science Museum.如果明天不下雨，我们就去科学博物馆。条件状语从句Mr King spoke slowly so that everyone could understand him.金先生将慢慢讲以使每个人都听懂他的话。目的状语从句He is so clever that all the teachers
11、like him.他是那么聪明，所有的老师都喜欢他。结果状语从句Although he was tired,he went on working.虽然他累了，但他还在继续工作。让步状语从句This film is more instructive than that one.这部电影比那部有教育意义。比拟状语从句细分状语从句也有不少可以引导的关联词，请同学们仔细阅读初三英语书第 232 页状语从句中的语法内容。四.句子的种类：句子可以分为 4 类：陈述句、疑问句，祈使句和感慨句。陈述句：说明一个事实或者陈述说话人的看法。陈述句包括肯定句和否认句。e.g.One day a tiger came
12、 out of the forest.He hasnt had lunch yet.疑问句：提出问题。在英语中疑问句可以分为四种：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。1.一般疑问句，用 yes 或者 no 答复的疑问句，用升调。No,I am not.Did she like swimming when she was young?Yes,she did.No,she didnt.2.特殊疑问句：用疑问词引导的疑问句，不能用 yes 或者 no 答复，用降调。疑问代词有：who,whom,whose,what,which疑问副词有：when,where,why,how还有：how
13、many,how much,how old,how long,how far,how soon,how often,how tall,how high,what/which/whose 名词e.g.Whose computer is it?Its mine.When do you usually get up every morning?3.选择疑问句：提出两个答案供选择答复，前一局部和一般疑问句差不多，后一局部用 or 连接需要提问的并列局部。前局部用升降，后局部用降调，答复较灵活。e.g.Which country do you like better,China or India?Chi
14、na.Are you going to work or stay at home?Im going to work.4.反意问句：反意问句一般分两局部，前一局部是陈述句，后一局部是与前一局部意思相反的简短问句，用逗号隔开。前一局部用升调，后一局部如果表示疑问，就用升调。如果只表示强调某种意思那么用降调。前一局部用肯定，后一局部用否认。前一局部用否认，后一局部就用肯定。答复时 yes,no 要与事实取得一致。e.g.David is good at maths,isnt he?Yes,he is.大卫擅长数学，是吗？是的。Kim hasnt been to the U.S.A,has she?Y
15、es,she has.No,she hasnt.不，她去过了。是的，她还没去过。祈使句：表示命令、请求、号召等的句子。祈使句通常不表示出主语。肯定句将动词原形放在句首。否认句以 Dont 动词原形e.g.Open your books,please.Dont talk in class.Listen to me carefully.感慨句：表示说话时的惊异，喜悦气氛等情绪的句子。感慨句通常有两种，由 what 或者 how 修饰。感慨句句尾要用感慨号，用降调。what 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词或副词。结构：What形容词名词主语谓语e.g.What a nice day it is!Wha
16、t delicious food!How形容词或者副词主语谓语e.g.How beautiful the flowers are!How fast Jim runs!重点注意：一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的语序倒装语序。一般疑问句将助动词、情态动词、连系动词放在主语之前。e.g.Is this a book?Are there any books on the table?Do you watch TV at night?Did he finish his homework yesterday?Will they see a film tomorrow?Have these watches been
17、 repaired by him?特殊疑问句将疑问代词或者疑问副词放句首，后面跟着一般疑问句语序。只是在需要提问主语局部时，换成疑问代词，其它局部不变。e.g.Mei Mei sings well.Who sings well?I am drawing a horse.What are you drawing?He lives in Australia.Where does he live?切记：在反意疑问句中如果前一局部中含有 no,never,hardly,little,few 等词时，这一局部就表示否认，后一局部要用肯定。e.g.You never go to school by bus
18、,do you?Mary has few friends,has/does she?反意问句局部的时态，以及主、谓语要与主句一致。请同学们注意下面的几个要点：A.how far,how soon,how long,how often 在特殊疑问句中的区别。how far 指距离：How far is it from here to your home?从这儿到你家有多远？how long 指时间长短：How long have you studied English?Three years.你们学英语多长时间了？三年了。how soon 指多久，用于将来时态：How soon will you
19、 be ready?Ill be ready in two hours.你要多久才能准备好？我要 2 个小时后才能准备好。how often：问频度，多少时间一次：How often do you go to the zoo?Once a year.你多久去一次动物园？每年一次。B.how many名词复数一般疑问句语序e.g.How many students are there in your school?How many times has he been to the Great Wall?C.当反意问句前一局部有 I dont think/believe 时，反意问句局部的主语、谓
20、语和从句一致。e.g.I dont think Mr Wang will come,will he?D.祈使句的反意问句，后面要加一个简短问句，使语气更委婉。e.g.Lets have a rest,shall we?让我们休息一会儿，好吗？Let him go,will you?让他走，怎么样？Close the door,will you?关上门，好吗？Dont make so much noise,will you?别吵闹，行不行？【模拟试题】【模拟试题】I.选择填空：1.There _ a lot of orange juice in the bottle.Would you like
21、 some?A.isB.areC.amD.be2.Do you often play basketball?Yes,usually _ Saturday afternoon.A.inB.onC.atD.to3.Mrs Smith teaches _ history,we all like her.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours4.Do you cook at home?Yes,but not so _ as my sister.A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best5.Where is Peter,do you know?He _ Aunt Ying look after
22、 the baby.A.helpsB.helpedC.was helpingD.is helping6.Who was not here yesterday?The headmaster._ she was ill and had to go to hospital.A.BecauseB.IfC.ThoughD.When7.Shall we begin class now?One moment,please.Ive got _ important to say before class.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing8.Thank you
23、for _ me the news.Not at all.A.tellB.to tellC.tellingD.you told9.What _ good weather!Lets have a game in the yard.A.anB.aC.theD./10.How old is Sam?He looks _ than Jack,but they are of the same age.A.youngB.youngerC.too youngD.the youngest11.You wont go to the Summer Palace tomorrow._ will I.A.AlsoB.
24、TooC.NeitherD.Either12.Do you enjoy your life here,Mr Durham?Yes,of course,though I _ here for only two weeks.A.stayB.am stayingC.had stayedD.have stayed13.We are in class.Youd better _.A.not talkB.not to talkC.not talkingD.dont talk14.Does autumn last long in Beijing?No.It usually _ from September
25、to November.A.lastedB.lastsC.is lastingD.will last15.How _ is the small town?Only a few kilometers from here.A.longB.oftenC.farD.much16.Here is a _ of my school.Oh,its very large.Is this your main building?A.bookB.mapC.pictureD.paper17.Where do you live in Melbourne?Let me _ you on the map.A.giveB.t
26、eachC.bringD.show18.Chris asked me if _ any English before I came to London.A.I learnedB.I will learnC.did I learnD.will I learn19.Excuse me.Could you tell me the way to the Beijing Zoo?Sorry,I dont know.Ask the policeman.He _ know.A.mustB.shouldC.mayD.can20.What is paper made from?It _ from wood.A.
27、makesB.is makingC.madeD.is madeII.完形填空：From the other side of the road he saw the only lighted window on the third floor go black.Hiseyes came down to the big door,the entrance to the building.The light came warmly through there intothe cold of the evening.After a little time a girl passed1the door,
28、stopped at the top of the steps and pulled hercoat close round her.He2her come down the steps,turn to the left and disappear along the road.He crossed the3,then went past the main entrance,turned at the corner of the building and wentin at a4door.There stood the stairs.He climbed up to the third flo
29、or.Then he5open asmall door.He came out into a brightly lit passage.At the end of the passage there was a door;ona plate on the door he6read“Mrs.Walter Countenay.He turned the handle and went in.That door was7locked because the old lady didnt wantto be locked in.If she rang for somebody,she didnt wa
30、nt to come and open the door.The room wasdark.He went in and shut the door behind him.A8said,“Who is that?It was the first timehe had heard her talking,and it was very much9he had expected.He said,“Never mind who I am,and dont be10.Im not going to hurt you,He went forwardand sat down on a chair by t
31、he big desk.There was11light in the room from the street outside,and he could see her sitting there on the other side of the desk.She was12up her hands a littleand he saw that she had been knitting 编织when he entered the room.“Well,she said,“What do you want?“They key to your safe保险柜,he answered.1.A.
32、overB.throughC.aroundD.into2.A.watchedB.heardC.helpedD.felt3.A.riverB.buildingC.roadD.square4.A.frontB.backC.sideD.garden5.A.keptB.knockedC.brokeD.pushed6.A.wouldB.shouldC.mightD.could7.A.neverB.oftenC.usuallyD.always8.A.soundB.voiceC.shoutD.noise9.A.asB.thanC.thatD.what10.A.sadB.excitedC.afraidD.an
33、gry11.A.a lot ofB.a littleC.someD.no12.A.puttingB.gettingC.pickingD.holdingIII.阅读理解：Jim Carrey has become one of the most famous faces in the world.He was born in a working class family in New Market,Ontario,Canada on January 17,1962.His familywas very poor.Life was hard for young Jim Carrey.While i
34、n his teens,he had to work because his fatherlost his job.He didnt have enough time for school.At last he dropped out of school.Yet one goodthing came out of it,He developed a very good sense of humor.He didnt have any friends at that time.He was very busy.Between school and work he didnthave enough
35、 time to live like a normal child.He felt lonely,At 15,he had enough time to start performingat York Yuks,a famous Toronto comedy club.Then he moved to Los Angeles and performed there.Jim Carrey became famous for the first time in 1990.He played a part on a new comedy show calledIn Living Colour.The
36、 other actors were all African Americans.Carrey was the only white man.Whilethere,he learned how to act like many different people.He got into feature film长片in one successful year 1994.It was the Year of the Funny Face.First there was Det Detective.Next came The Mask.Jim Carrey was in the spotlight
37、公众注意中心now.Since that famous year Carrey has slowed down a bit.His films have come out less often but havecontinued to make waves.There was Betman Forever,next came Liar,Liar.The film was big success.He was on top of the world.Then came The Truman Show.The film showed the world that Jim Carrey wasmor
38、e than just a funny face.Carrey has come a long way from his hard childhood.In fact he seems to be living a second childhoodnow.Canada has been producing fine comedic actors for years,and Jim Carrey is surely the best one.1.Jim Carrey developed a very good sense of humor because _.A.he didnt have to
39、 go to school.B.he started performing in comediesC.the comedy club taught him a lotD.Canada produced a lot of comedic actors2.When did Jim Carrey form his own way to perform?A.When he was fifteenB.When he played a part in In LivingC.After he got into feature films ColourD.After he became successful
40、in The Mask.3.Which of the following sentences is not true?A.It took Jim Carrey very hard work to become famous.B.1994 was the most important year on Jim Carreys way to success.C.Now Jim Carreys films are not as successful as they were.D.Jim Carrey is thought to be the best comedic actor.IV.按照所给中文意思
41、完成以下各句：1.你的汽车怎么啦？_ your car?2.孩子们正在忙着浇花。The children are busy _.3.Helen 年纪太小不能上学。_ to go to school.4.人一到齐我们就出发。Well start as soon as _5.你愿意和他们一起去野营吗？_ to go camping with them?V.补全对话：Mrs Green is in a shop.She wants to buy a T-shirt for her son.A:Good morning,madam.Can I help you?B:1.A:Here are T-shi
42、rts for boys.2B:Size L.He is a tall boy.He likes cotton T-shirts.A:3.Its made in China.B:OK,let me have a look.4.A:280 yuan.Its popular with young people.B:But Im afraid its a little more expensive and I dont like the colour.A:Do you like this black one?Its only 108 yuan.B:Hmm,it looks nice.5Thank y
43、ou.VI.用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。many,as soon as,have a rest,the other,late,catch,family,for,hold,who1._ is the tallest boy in your school?Li Tong.2.We are very tired.Lets stop _.3.Are there _ students in your school?4.She will give the book to me _ she comes back.5.Im not feeling well.Perhaps I _ a cold.6.
44、I have two sisters.One is a teacher,_ is a worker.7.The old man _ my hands and thanked me again and again.8.Hurry up.Well be _ for the class.9.There are four people in my _.10.May I keep the book _ a week?VII.书面表达：根据中文意思用英语写一篇短文，内容连贯，语句通顺，符合逻辑，词数 50 以上，所给的英文提示词语供选用。电脑是当前最伟大的创造之一，已经在全世界得到了广泛应用。在一片赞扬声
45、中，人们应该冷静地思考一下电脑的优缺点，请谈谈自己的看法。help,instead of,touch,besides,work out试题答案试题答案I.1.A2.B3.B4.C5.D6.A7.A8.C9.D10.B11.C12.D13.A14.B15.C16.C17.D18.A19.C20.DII.1.B2.A3.C4.C5.D6.D7.A8.B9.A10.C11.B12.DIII.1.B2.B3.CIV.1.Whats wrong with2.watering flowers3.Helen is too young4.everyone is here5.Would you like toV
46、.1.Im looking for/I want/Id like a T-shirt for my son.2.What size does your son wear?/What size do you want?3.How/What about this one?4.How much is it?/How much does it cost?/How much should I pay for it?5.Ill take it.VI.1.Who2.to have a rest3.many4.as soon as5.caught6.the other7.held8.late9.family1
47、0.forVII.The computer is one of the greatest inventions.It is widely used all over the world.It helpsus work faster and faster,and it can do more and more work instead of man.Both at work and at home,it touches the life of everyone.But besides a lot of good things,computers also have something bad.Children dont know how towork out math problems because computers can do all the things for them.People who work in front ofcomputers fall ill more often.The most important thing is that when people talk on the Internet allday,they will have less and less time to know real people or the real world.