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1、-第 1 页学生-初中英语完形填空解题技巧-第 2 页初中英语完形填空解题技巧初中英语完形填空解题技巧考察要素：考察要素：篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力推理判断能力完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的 80%以上，而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。首先明确解题的步骤：一：一：解题步骤解题步骤跳读全文，掌握大意。（首句和
2、尾句）瞻前顾后，灵活答题。（运用各种策略）复读全文，核实答案。A:词汇、语法、惯用法是否合理？B:句型结构是否完整，搭配是否有误？C:句子是否流畅？D:上下行文、前后逻辑关系是否一致？F:全文是否紧凑，中心突出，浑然一体？二：解题策略（二：解题策略（5 个方面着手）个方面着手）1：词义辨析：词义辨析例如：When the teacher came into the classroom，our monitor spoke in aloud _，“Stand up!”A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout Many people think that more time is spe
3、nt,more work will be done.So studentshave to _36_ the whole day doing homework except during the three meals.()36.A.buyB.getC.spendD.take2：各种词语搭配各种词语搭配（形容词与名词搭配；副词与动 词搭 配；介词短语搭配；动词短语搭配；固定短语等）。注意：要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for,look over,look out,look after,look up 等-第 3 页:因词组而构成的常见的句式：It feels+形容词+不定式。要区
4、别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。1)Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfsomuch money.A.for B.by C.to D.of2)And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch3.语法判定语法判定（考察语法知识点）（考察语法知识点）(1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：a.名词名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前
5、后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致b.动词动词的选用，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。c.选择介词介词，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。d.选择代词代词，要注意性、数、格是否准确。e.选择连词连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。1.1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如 because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore 等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldnt ha
6、ve blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.2.2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由 and 或 or 连接的同义词词组，如 happyand gay二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如 Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如 but，while，however 等；二是看与 not 搭配的或表示否
7、定意义的词语，-第 4 页如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义通过定义或释义关系来推测词义5.例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.f.选择形容词和副词形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。(2)要注意句法句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装a.句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序
8、为多见，其次是祈使句的零时态等。b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语，也考查简单的定语从句。c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章的曲解。(3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。通过句法功能来推测词义通过句法功能来推测词义例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples
9、，coconuts and some other kindof fruit grow in warm areas.假如 pineapples 和 coconuts 是生词，通过描述猜词通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fatand walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch
10、 the fish.4.上下文逻辑关系上下文逻辑关系一般的解题过程是：（1）.通读全文，掌握大意通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。-第 5 页（2）.瞻前顾后瞻前顾后，分析先行分析先行。提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1)Some parts of the water are very shallow.But in some places it is veryA.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous2)Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either.A.noB.cer
11、tainC.manyD.moreand 是一个并列连词；either 为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是 A。3）It has been many years since I was last in London I stillremember something that happened during that visit.A.andB.forC.butD.as根据句前的 many years 和句后的 still remember 答案应选表示转折的连词but.（3）.反复推敲反复推敲，攻克难关攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改
12、变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。eg:1.Li Bin is _ at Chinese.But he isnt good at English A.wellB.fineC.niceD.good2.dont like tomatoes，but he _.He doesnt likesalad，_ do.My father _ broccoli，but my _ doesntA.doB.doesC.likeD.likesA.butB.andC.orD.forA.likesB.ha
13、veC.likeD.doesA.friendlB.sisterC.motherD.uncle4：文化背景以及生活常识：文化背景以及生活常识（历史、地理、社会习俗、民族风情（历史、地理、社会习俗、民族风情等）等）-第 6 页(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest5：验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：文章是否顺畅；所填单词是否是最佳单词；所填单词是否有拼写错误。1、：(1)Many o
14、ld people dont have good _.They cant watch TV,but they canlisten to music or news over the radio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time(2)Some parts of the water are veryshallow.But in some places it is very,very_.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous2：Washington was named _George Washington,the first president
15、of theUnited States.A.byB.forC.asD.after(3).：(4).：三：解题误区三：解题误区做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。2、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑不太明白 的。四：复习建议四：复习建议1：熟悉语法，培养“完整的句
16、子意识”。2.坚持在阅读的基础上锻炼语篇意识和把握整体文段的能力。3.关注生活，注意中西文化的差异。-第 7 页4.科学选材，有效训练。体裁多样，题材丰富，语言生动地道，具有一定的教育性和趣味性。篇幅长度适中，布空合理，各考点均衡分布。课堂练习：(1)利用上下文语境选择利用上下文语境选择。leafthenlargelearnonesgrowthickhasmeanfirsteasybeginEverybody loves oranges.They are sweet and juicy.Theyre in sections,so it is_ to eat them.Some oranges
17、do not have any seeds.Some have a _ skin,and some have a thin skin.In New York,on a Friday night,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his _16_.His music was so great that many people put money into hishat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played t
18、he violin asusual.16.A.pianoB.guitarC.violinD.saxOnce a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）.Suddenly,hecame up with an idea.He asked,“How many baskets of41are there in thepool?”.as big as the pool,there is one basket of water41.A.fishB.flowersC.waterD.apples(2)根据文化背景和常识选择根据文化背景和常识选
19、择。leafthenlargelearnonesgrowthickhasmeanfirsteasybeginInEnglish,orange _ both a fruit and a color.We use the name of the fruitfor the color.1.Mr Black is a doctor,he works in the _.2.Anursenot only works in the day,but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy,so he has _time to have lunch at home.
20、4.We have an English test this term,its very easy,most students can _this test.5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday,they were very tired _happy.(3)单词辨义和固定搭配单词辨义和固定搭配。-第 8 页It costs 3.70 for adults,2 for children and _43_ for over sixties and schoolgroups.()43.A.littleB.fewC.lessD.fewer(4)句子结构
21、和逻辑推理句子结构和逻辑推理。Scientists also48that loud,fast music makes people eatfaster.In fact,people49their food faster when the music gets faster.Somerestaurants play fast music during their50hours.This gets people to eat fasterand leave quickly.Restaurants51make spend even less.()48.A.thinkB.hopeC.realizeD.
22、believe()49.A.cookB.orderC.eatD.make()50.A.freeB.busyC.happyD.sad()51.A.canB.shouldC.cantD.needntWhen we talked,I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between theUS and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little_44_ than that in China.We usually have forty-fiv
23、e minutes in each class.44.A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.LaterMy mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?”Ithought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My17，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）17.A.earsB.eyesC.bodyD.head(5)根据句子所缺成分选择根据句子所缺成分选择。playactivit
24、yfavoritealsoandstoplifeexamplehappenbutnewmakeFor example,learning can_59_ when you go to a museum.It can _60._happen when you get a job.You learn when you _61._ a sport or when you take atrip.（6）根据上下文语境）根据上下文语境How can you think in English?I think the best way is to practice as what a footballplaye
25、r does every day.During the _46_ the football player will pass the ball to-第 9 页his teammates over and over again.So he wont have to _47_ passing the ball inthe game,he will just do it.()46.A.practiceB.breakC.gameD.day()47.A.wait forB.think aboutC.look atD.give up（7）根据文化背景和常识）根据文化背景和常识I dug a deep h
26、ole next to the rock and I dug a small incline（斜坡）up to the rockand the rock63down into the hole by itself.()63.A.layB.droppedC.walkedD.ran（8）根据单词词义和固定搭配）根据单词词义和固定搭配Butthat winter the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not38them in a warm place.()38.A.caughtB.foundC.hiddenD.PutWhen two
27、 people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look at the listener fromtime to time,in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention48whathe or she is speaking48.A.forB.ofC.withD.toIn the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his surprise,the pond was onlyfilled with water!What
28、happened?Yes!Everyone had the same idea48thatman.48.A.withB.toC.asD.of（9）根据句子结构和逻辑推理）根据句子结构和逻辑推理_47you are in a group of six or more people,we48give you a specialguided tour of the centre.But you49to arrange(安排)this at the information deskwhen you50.()47.A.WhenB.IfC.BecauseD.Until()48.A.canB.mustC.s
29、houldD.have to()49.A.decideB.likeC.hopeD.need()50.A.returnB.arriveC.leaveD.travel（10）根据上下文语境）根据上下文语境-第 10 页 He bought more worms,which he took good care of.When winter came,he tookthem inside40they would stay warm.Many people bought his worms.()40.A.beforeB.untilC.thoughD.so（11）根据文化背景和常识）根据文化背景和常识Th
30、e students had a look at their workbooks and their _35_ turned red at once.()35.A.facesB.nosesC.necksD.hands（12）根据词义与固定搭配）根据词义与固定搭配 Im becoming more and more interested _25_ physics,and have decided that Iwant to _26_ it at university.Im going to try to go to _27_ Montreal or OttawaUniversity,as bot
31、h _28_ supposed to have good Physics Departments.()25.A.inB.withC.atD.from()26.A.makeB.discoverC.studyD.keep()27.A.neither B.eitherC.bothD.only()28.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is（13）根据句子逻辑）根据句子逻辑 Why do people shake hands _54_ shaking feet?This is because of the fact that along time ago most people _55_ knive
32、s or guns.If some of them decided that theydid not want to _56_,they would show their empty hands._57_ people shookhands so that they could not _58_ knives in their sleeves(袖子).Later on,hand-shaking became a symbol of _59_.()54.A.such as B.as well as C.instead ofD.together with()55.A.lostB.boughtC.c
33、aughtD.carried()56.A.cheatB.fightC.dropD.speak()57.A.PerhapsB.HappilyC.CarefullyD.Luckily()58.A.hideB.liftC.pullD.push()59.A.successB.victoryC.prideD.peace【例题解析】1完形填空：阅读下面短文，选出最佳答案：“Ring ring”the telephone suddenly rang.Sam got up to1the call.It was his aunt.“Sam,2are you still at home?”she asked su
34、rprisingly.Sam-第 11 页1ooked at the clock.It was already 7:30 a.m.“Oh,my goodness!Theres animportant3today,”Sam shouted out.He hurried to wash his face and get4.When he was going to leave thehouse,he5that he had not put away his books.He ran quickly to the6andput them into the bag.He then went to the
35、 bus stop to go to school as7as hecould.When he got into the classroom,his classmates were8writing.“Why areyou so9?”asked the teacher.“Im sorry,sir,”Sam answered,afraid of looking10.“It was my clock.It11to wake me up this morning and.”“Dont sayanything about it,”his teacher12him.“Dont try to come la
36、te next time!”Samsaid yes and walked to his13quickly.But when he tried to do the paper,hecould not14in a right way.He put his head on the desk and said,“What a15day it has been for me!”1.A.findB.giveC.putD.answer2.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where3.A.talkB.partyC.examD.meeting4.A.tiredB.lostC.dressedD.rested5
37、.A.forgotB.rememberedC.understoodD.thought6.A.classroomB.deskC.busD.door7.A.carefullyB.quietlyC.earlyD.fast8.A.worriedB.freeC.busyD.careful9.A.1ateB.illC.lonelyD.ready10.A.downB.upC.outD.back11.A.happenedB.stoppedC.failedD.pointed12.A.helpedB.knewC.followedD.stopped13.A.roomB.tableC.seatD.teacher14.A.thinkB.sitC.turnD.speak15.A.shortB.badC.happyD.usual