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1、-第 1 页高考英语省略句-第 2 页省略句省略句为了使讲话和行文简洁,句中某些成分有时可省略。为了使讲话和行文简洁,句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况:省略可分以下几种情况:(一)简单句中的省略(一)简单句中的省略1、省略主语:祈使句中主语通常省略。、省略主语:祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。e.g.(I)Thank you for your help.(括号内为省略的词语,下同)(括号内为省略的词语,下同)(I)See you tomorrow.(It)Doesnt matter.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。、省略主谓
2、语或主谓语的一部分。e.g.(There is)No smoking.(Is there)Anything wrong?Why(do you)not say hello to him?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留、省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留 to。e.g.-Are you going there?-Id like to(go there).He did not give me the chance,though he had promised to(give me the chance).(动词动词:want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget
3、,decide,prefer,mean,intend,plan,refuse等等动词宾语。动词宾语。tell,ask,want,expect,warn等动词的宾补。等动词的宾补。形容词:形容词:glad,happy,pleased,delighted,短语:短语:be going to,be about to,be able to,have to,used to,ought to,)注意:如果该宾语是注意:如果该宾语是 be 动词或完成时态,则须在动词或完成时态,则须在 to 之后加上之后加上 be 或或 have。e.g.-Are you an engineer?-No,but I want
4、 to be.-He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought to have.4、省略表语。、省略表语。e.g.-Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am(thirsty).5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。、感叹句根据上下文的省略。e.g.What a wonderful film(it is)!(Its)Simply impossible!6、介词的省略:、介词的省略:e.g.The old man had no difficulty(in)finding his house.一些固定词组:一些固定词组:have a hard time(i
5、n)doing sth.waste time(in)doing sth.,spend(in)doing sth.prevent/stop(from),be busy(in)doing,be engaged(in)doing,theres no use(in)doing,He failed(in)the game.The war lasted(for)four years.(但在句首和与(但在句首和与 walk 等连用不可)等连用不可)Come and see me(at)any time you like.(in,on,at,by)He stayed(at)home all day.He wa
6、lked(for)three li.(表示距离的状语中表示距离的状语中)-第 3 页(In)This way you will succeed.7、名词所有格后面的名词名词所有格后面的名词,如果是表示住宅如果是表示住宅,店铺店铺,教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。事物时常省略。e.g.At her sisters(house),she spent a pleasant weekend.8、连词的省略:连词的省略:not only but(also),whether(or not),so(that)9、情态动词、情态动词 should 的省略的
7、省略insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,demand,require,request,ask.Its necessary/important/impossible/strange/natural/a pity10、同时省略几个成分。、同时省略几个成分。e.g.Lets meet at the same place as(we met)yesterday.-Have you finished your work?-(I have)Not(finished my work)yet.(二)并列句中的省略(二)并列句中的省略两个并列分句中,后一个分句
8、常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。e.g.My father is a doctor and my mother(is)a nurse.I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school.(三)主从复合句中的省略(三)主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g.(Im)Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a)Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、省略了一个从句或从句
9、的一部分,用、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分,用 so 或或 not(切不可用(切不可用 it 或或 that)代替。)代替。e.g.-Is he coming back tonight?-I think so.-Is he feeling better today?-Im afraid not.这种用法常见的有这种用法常见的有:How so?Why so?Is that so?I hope so.He said so 及及 I suppose not.I believed not.I imagine not.I expect not.I hope not.I guess not 等。等。(但(
10、但 I dont think so 比比 I think not 更常用更常用)。(四)其它省略(四)其它省略1、连词、连词 that 的省略连词的省略连词 that,但也有不能省略的情况,但也有不能省略的情况be+某些形容词某些形容词(afraid,sure,sorry,certain,glad);两个两个(或两个以上)宾省略:或两个以上)宾省略:、宾语从句中常语从句并列时;、宾语从句中常语从句并列时;He said that,if he could manage it,he would come for dinner.、在定语从句中,、在定语从句中,that 在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语/
11、表语表语/There be 结构的主语时可省略。结构的主语时可省略。Im not the man(that)I was when you knew me first.This is the fastest train(that)there is to Beijing.This is the best way(that)we should choose.I dont like the way(that)/in which he talks to his parents.、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词 that 一般不可省略。一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省
12、略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。What they want to do is(that)they go to play basketball.2、不定式符号、不定式符号 to 的省略的省略、并列的不定式可省去后面的、并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。-第 4 页e.g.I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.To be for the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter.、当不定式作表语时,如果前面主语中出现实义动词、当不定式作表语时,如果前面主语中出现实义动词 do 及各种形式,及各种形式,则
13、不定式可省略。则不定式可省略。What he wants to do is(to)go home.、某些使役动词某些使役动词(如如 let,make,have)及感官动词及感官动词(如如 see,watch,notice,hear,feel,look at 和和listen to 等)等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去一定要省去 to,但在但在被动语态中须把被动语态中须把 to 加上。加上。e.g.-I saw the boy fall from the tree.-The boy was seen to fall from the tree.、介词、介词 but/
14、except/besides 前若有动词前若有动词 do,后面的不定式不带,后面的不定式不带 to。e.g.The boy did nothing but play.3、在某些状语从句中,从句的主语、在某些状语从句中,从句的主语(或或 it)与主句主语与主句主语一致时,可省去一致时,可省去“主语主语+be”部分或从句的部分或从句的主语主语 it。(参看(参看“状语从句状语从句”有关部分)有关部分)Look out for cars when crossing the street.Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary.She work
15、ed extremely hard though still rather poor in health.在比较状语从句中,在比较状语从句中,than 或或 as 后面的部分可省略。后面的部分可省略。Tom plays football as well as,if not better than,Jack.(=Tom plays football as well as Jack does,if he doesnt play better than Jack does.)We should think more of our class than of ourselves.4、连词、连词 if 在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但后面的语序有变化(参见但后面的语序有变化(参见“倒装句倒装句”有关部分)有关部分)5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。e.g.The sooner(you do it),the better(it will be).