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1、-第 1 页动词动词-ed 分词的用法分词的用法讲解讲解-第 2 页动词-ed 分词的用法一、基本概念一、基本概念1.分词的定义1.动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。2.过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词(相当于被动语),在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。1)过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如:Donttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的(它是被打坏的)。Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很
2、喜欢那礼服的式样。2)过去分词做定语:单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。如:Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激动的人们奔进了大楼。(excitedpeople 被激动了的人)Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。(被资质认证过的老师,或经过资质认证的老师。)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如:Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?明天有什么活动吗?Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasa
3、doptedbythemanager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。3)过去分词做状语:-ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。-第 3 页表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去
4、分词前可加连词when 或while来强调时间概念。如:Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。Encouragedb
5、ythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争。表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.和你哥哥相比,你应该更加努力学习英语。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。表让步
6、,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如:Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。表方式或伴随情况。如:Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.我和
7、父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。4)过去分词作补足语:过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后与-第 4 页一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿?Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.当你在作报告时,你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。当这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补语
8、。如:Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。二、特别提醒二、特别提醒1.过去分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如:Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时,他沉默不语。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句
9、子主语不一致,必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。2.动词have后所接的三种宾语补语:havesomebody/somethingdosomething 不定式作补语必须省去to,不定式动作由宾语发出,表示一次性的动作。如:Ihadtheworkersdothejobforme.我让工人们替我完成了工作。Jimoftenhashisfatherhelphimwithhishomework.吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。havesomebody/somethingdoingsomething-ing 分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发出,强调动作的延续或正在进行。如:Theyhadthetract
10、orworkingallthetime.他们让拖拉机一直工作着。Wewonthavethechildtalkingtohismotherlikethat.我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。havesomebody/somethingdone 过去分词作补语,宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,通常有两种情况:-第 5 页主语让别人做某事,强调主语的意志。如:Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天理发了。Lateronthecenterhadagreatmanynewtreesplanted.后来,这个中心让人种了很多树。主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境,说明宾语的一种无意
11、识的被动行为。如:Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastmonth.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。Hehadoneeyelostinthewar.在战争中,他失去了一只眼睛。3.非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式:thebridgetobebuilt 将要建造的桥(表示将来的动作)thebridgebeingbuilt 正在建造的桥(表示正在进行的动作)thebridgebuilt 造好的桥(表示完成的动作)4.过去分词和ing分词作表语的区别:过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而-ing 分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,如:Hearingthenews,we
12、feltverysurprised.听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶Thenewsisverysurprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。英语中这样的分词还有很多,如:amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;excitin
13、g,excited;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;worrying,worried;tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished等。5.过去分词和ing分词作定语的区别:过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语:boiledwater开水 boilingwater正沸腾的水developedcountries发展的国家 developingcountries发展中国家fallenleaves落叶 fallingleav
14、es 正在飘落的叶子changedcondition改变了的情况 changingcondition变化着的情况由此可见,过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而-ing 分词作定语可以表-第 6 页示正在进行的主动的动作。专项练习专项练习1(1)_fromthetopoftheTVtower,andwecangetabeautifulsightofmostofthecity.(2)_fromthetopoftheTVtower,wecangetabeautifulsightofmostofthecity.A.ToseeB.SeenC.SeeingD.See2.Allthings_,the
15、plannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.beconsideredB.consideringC.havingconsideredD.considered3._thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree_outofherlife.A.Saw;frightenedB.Seen;frightenedC.Tosee;frighteningD.Seeing;frightened4.Generallyspeaking,_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.Whentakin
16、gB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.begunC.beginningD.havingbegun6._in1613,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStated.A.beingfoundedB.FoundedC.ItwasfoundedD.Founding7.IfyougotoXian,youwillfindthepalacestheremorem
17、agnificentthancommonly_.A.supposedB.supposingC.tosupposeD.suppose8._moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven9.Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours_inmystudy.A.lockingB.tolockC.lockedD.beinglocked10._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhig
18、hatall.A.WhencomparedB.CompareC.WhilecomparingD.Comparing11.Mrs.Bushstood_foramomentwhenanoldsoldiersuddenlyappearedbeforeher.A.surprisedB.surprisingC.beingsurprisedD.tobesurprised12._aloneinthedarkroom,thelittleboywassofrightenedastocry.-第 7 页A.LeavingB.LeftC.TobeleftD.Havingleft13._tocompletethejo
19、bontime,theysetouttoworkimmediately.A.BeingdeterminedB.OnhavingdeterminedC.DeterminedD.Tobedetermined14._inafriendlyway,theirquarrelcametoanend.A.BeingsettledB.HavingsettledC.SettledD.Settling15.Hemustbeangry,forweheardtheglass_onthefloor.A.beingbrokenB.breakC.tobebreakD.broken16.YoucanflytotheUKthi
20、smorning_youdontmindchangingplanesinHongKong.A.becauseB.providedC.unlessD.sofaras17._inthisway,thesituationdoesntseemsodisappointing.A.TolookB.LookingatC.LookedatD.Tobelookedat18._ in a recent science competition,the three students were awarded scholarship totaling21,000dollars.A.TobejudgedthebestB.JudgedbythebestC.HavingjudgedthebestD.Judgingthebest19.Acoolrainwasfalling,_withsnow.A.mixedB.mixingC.tomixD.havingmixed