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1、关于英关于英语四四级作文作文图表表类第一页,讲稿共二十六页哦概述概述l被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字文字来描述非文字性的图表性的图表或或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。对图表显示的关系作解释说明。第二页,讲稿共二十六页哦NOTE(删除)删除)l 图表类作文从文章结构上讲与其他类作文无重大区别。这种作文也包括三部分:introduction,body,conclusion.
2、但是与其他作文相比,引言部分需要描述图表来提出文章要解需要描述图表来提出文章要解决的问题,决的问题,因此文章的难度相对较高。图表类作文的难度在第一段难度在第一段,第三页,讲稿共二十六页哦图表作文常见出题形式图表作文常见出题形式l图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文形式文形式(以往)以往)给出提示,要求我们:给出提示,要求我们:1)用文字描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,用文字描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势并
3、找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第四页,讲稿共二十六页哦NOTE(删除)删除)l从从众众多多的的数数字字中中抓抓住住主主要要问问题题。所所给给的的图图表表和和数数字字并并不不是是只只进进行行简简单单的的描描写写,而而是是要要求求通通过过图图表表上上的的数数字字抓抓住住所所反反映映的的社社会会问问题题进进行行评评论论。因因此此从从数数字字中中看看出出主主要要问问题题和和发发展展趋趋势势至至关关重重要要。考考生生在在分分析析数数据据是是尤尤其其应应注注意意以以下下两两点点:一一是是结结合合所所给给标标题题和和提
4、提纲纲。二二是是看看图图表表中中哪哪些些数数字字的的前前后后变化最大。变化最大。第五页,讲稿共二十六页哦NOTE(删除)删除)l2、描绘图表,得出结论、描绘图表,得出结论l 图图表表和和数数字字只只是是说说明明问问题题的的材材料料,通通过过它它们们抓抓住住问问题题,并并能能够够把把问问题题表表达达出出来来,并并不不一一定定非非得得把把数数字字列列出来。有时可用数字来描述一种趋势或变化。出来。有时可用数字来描述一种趋势或变化。l所所得得出出结结论论可可以以放放在在段段首首,也也可可以以放放在在段段尾尾。有有时时为为避避免免毫毫无无目目的的的的过过多多或或全全部部引引用用数数字字,也也可可以以在在
5、描描写写和和引引用用数数字字之之前前,先先把把这这些些数数据据要要反反映映的的问问题用一句话写出来。题用一句话写出来。第六页,讲稿共二十六页哦写作步骤写作步骤1)认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系的关系;2)确定文章的主题思想,构思出文章的基本框架,确定文章的主题思想,构思出文章的基本框架,筛选筛选出能说明出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据图表主题思想的典型数据(总趋势总趋势+极端值极端值);3)编列文章的提纲编列文章的提纲;4)根据文章的提纲,将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落,然后将各根据文章的提纲,将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落
6、,然后将各个段落组成文章,注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡个段落组成文章,注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;5)检查与修改。检查与修改。第七页,讲稿共二十六页哦词汇小词汇小TIPS:l图形种类:图形种类:graph,chart,diagram,illustrationl饼状图,圆形图:饼状图,圆形图:pie,chartl条形图,柱状图:条形图,柱状图:bar chart,column chart,histograml直线图,曲线图:直线图,曲线图:line chart,curve diagraml树形图:树形图:tree diagram第八页,讲稿共二十六页哦数据的相关表达数据的相关表达数据信息:数据信息
7、:figure,number,data,statistic(统计数据统计数据),proportion(比例比例),percentage(百分比百分比)趋势:趋势:(1)不变:不变:remain,fixed,remain stable,(2)变化:变化:change over time,noticeable trend;increase,rise,go up,climb,mount;decrease,drop,fall,descend,decline,reduce fluctuate,wave,rise and fall,up and down.第九页,讲稿共二十六页哦(3)表比较:accoun
8、t forpercent,make up percent;Rank the first/second/Be second to Compared with,by contrast,on the contrary,likewise;A be in the(direct/inverse)proportion to B第十页,讲稿共二十六页哦(4)表程度表程度:rapidly,dramatically,significantly sharply;stable,steadily;slowly,slightly,unequallylalmost,nearly,approximately,just ove
9、r,exactly,precisely第十一页,讲稿共二十六页哦图表作文常用句图表作文常用句lAccording to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph,we can see/conclude that 根据该表/图,我们可知 lThe table/graph reveals(shows/indicates/illustrates/represents/points out)that 该表/图表明lAs is shown(illustrated/indicated)in the pie chart 如表/图所示,第十二页,讲稿共二十六页哦描述增减
10、变化描述增减变化lCompared with the number of ,it still increased by with an increasing proportion oflThe number of grew/rose from tolThe amount ofshows a tendency to increase.lThe population will amount to by the end of 2014.第十三页,讲稿共二十六页哦描述时间描述时间lover the period from 1985 to 1996lduring the past half centur
11、ylin 3 years spanning from 1985 to 1987lbetween 1987 and 1997第十四页,讲稿共二十六页哦描述倍数和百分比描述倍数和百分比The figure/percentage/number has nearly/almost/more than doubled/tripled compared with that of last year.The number/percentage is twice/half as much as that of 1990.It has reached/approached/risen to 50 percent
12、 in the past few years.It accounts for 50 percent of the total amount of第十五页,讲稿共二十六页哦Changes in Peoples Diet lDirections:lFor this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in Peoples Diet.Study the following table carefully and your composition must
13、 be based on the information given in the table.第十六页,讲稿共二十六页哦table19801987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.523%21%Fruit and vegetable24%22%20%20%21%Total 100%100%100%100%100%第十七页,讲稿共二十六页哦OUTLINEl1.State the changes in peoples diet in the past five years;l2.given poss
14、ible reasons for changes.l3.draw your own conclusions.l4.you should quote as few figures as possible.第十八页,讲稿共二十六页哦l通过横向、纵向对比分析,不难发现通过横向、纵向对比分析,不难发现grain的消费量逐年下降,的消费量逐年下降,5年间减少了年间减少了4%,而,而milk的消费却逐年增加,的消费却逐年增加,meat的消费也逐的消费也逐年增加。纵向看,年增加。纵向看,milk 和和meat 变化趋势变化趋势相同,占总消费量的比例在增大,而相同,占总消费量的比例在增大,而grain 的比例
15、变化正相反。的比例变化正相反。第十九页,讲稿共二十六页哦l归纳:归纳:milk 和和 meat的变化,都说明了同一观点:人的变化,都说明了同一观点:人们的经济收入增加了,生活水平提高了,能够消费得起们的经济收入增加了,生活水平提高了,能够消费得起价格较高的肉奶食品。价格较高的肉奶食品。l描述:在描述描述:在描述milk的变化后,就不必重复的变化后,就不必重复meat的变化。的变化。简单一句:简单一句:“The same is the case with meat.”即可。即可。或者直接计算出增加值或减少值或者直接计算出增加值或减少值-The amount of grain in peoples
16、 diet has decreased by 4%.However,the amount of milk has increased 3%and that of meat has increased 4%.第二十页,讲稿共二十六页哦TIPS:l筛选数据,切忌一一列出!筛选数据,切忌一一列出!l挑选有说服力的数据,挑选有说服力的数据,主要是首尾两端的数字或主要是首尾两端的数字或其增减值。其增减值。lFor example:lThe percentage of grain consumption of diet decreased gradually,from 49%in 1986 to 45%i
17、n 1990.-简明扼要简明扼要第二十一页,讲稿共二十六页哦lFrom the table we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in peoples diet.The greatest change occurs in grain consumption,which has dropped 4%from 49%in 1986 to 45%in 1990 in total food consumption.第二十二页,讲稿共二十六页哦lThe second greatest change
18、 is in milk consumption,which has been increased from 1986 to 1990,but on the other hand,two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables.From 1980 to 1989,meat consumption increased from 17%to 23%,while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24%to 20%.From 1989 to 1
19、990,meat consumption dropped a little to 21%,while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%.第二十三页,讲稿共二十六页哦lWhat has caused the great changes in peoples diet?The main reason,I think,lies in the improvement in peoples income level.With the development of our society,people are becoming r
20、icher and richer,which enables them to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk.In the meantime,grain consumption in peoples diet consequently dropped.第二十四页,讲稿共二十六页哦lSo from the analysis,we can safely draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a bettler life than ever before.We are now able to purchase more delicious and nutritious food,resulting in an improvement in our health.第二十五页,讲稿共二十六页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第二十六页,讲稿共二十六页哦