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1、对比选择型议论文写作训练现在学习的是第1页，共39页Lecture Eleven对比选择型议论文对比选择型议论文写作训练写作训练现在学习的是第2页，共39页Learning Objective Evaluate two points of view and say which one you agree with.Practice writing an introduction,body paragraph and a conclusion.Topic:mobile phone现在学习的是第3页，共39页要求从正反两方面对某一事物加以论述。要求从正反两方面对某一事物加以论述。这类议论文有其固定
2、的模式，如就某一这类议论文有其固定的模式，如就某一事物或现象给出两种完全对立的观点，事物或现象给出两种完全对立的观点，然后再摆出自己的看法；或是先说明某然后再摆出自己的看法；或是先说明某一事物的重要性，积极因素，然后再说一事物的重要性，积极因素，然后再说明该事物的危害性、消极因素等。明该事物的危害性、消极因素等。对比选择型对比选择型(正反两点论式正反两点论式)议论文议论文现在学习的是第4页，共39页Argumentation Topic:Some people say that mobile phones represent a danger to users because of the p
3、ossible health issues,such as cancer or brain damage,associated with them.Others say that mobile phones are a great benefit to mankind.Evaluate these two viewpoints and give your own opinion.现在学习的是第5页，共39页Group DiscussionWhat are some of the possible health risks from using mobile phone?What are som
4、e of the benefits of using mobile phones?Make a list of these with your partner.现在学习的是第6页，共39页Model 1Read Model 1 and check if the writer mentioned the same benefits that thought of.What is the writers overall opinion about mobile phone use?现在学习的是第7页，共39页Paragraph 1 Mobile phones are becoming increa
5、singly popular nowadays,and the number of people using them has grown hugely,especially in developing countries.There is some debate about the safety of mobile phones,but in my opinion,the benefits from these phones are far greater than any possible health risks.现在学习的是第8页，共39页 There is some concern
6、that mobile phones may cause brain damage or cancer because of the radiation they emit while they are being used.Some people are also worried that cell phone owners may be bad for health.However,researchers have conducted experiments over many years to find out if this is true,and so far they have f
7、ound no evidence for this.Paragraph 2现在学习的是第9页，共39页 On the other hand,mobile phones have many benefits.They help individuals to communicate quickly and easily,and they can be used both for social reasons and in emergencies.For example,people can use them to contact their friends.They are also useful
8、 if someone has an accident while driving.In addition,isolated communities which do not have land lines can use mobile phones to contact the outside world,and this is much cheaper than installing landline phones.Paragraph 3现在学习的是第10页，共39页 In conclusion,although some people are worried about the heal
9、th risks of cell phones,there is little or no evidence for this.However,there is a lot of evidence for the benefits of cell phones,so in my opinion we should not worry about the dangers of cell phone use.Paragraph 4现在学习的是第11页，共39页Fill in the gaps with words from the word listPractice I现在学习的是第12页，共39
10、页A.debate B.risk C.radiation D.emit E.research F.tower G.evidence H.isolated I.landline J.install K.chat L.destination M.directions N.concentrate O.conduct P.emergency1.Cell phones and cell phone emit ,and there is a about whether this is dangerous for human health.Scientists are about the health of
11、 mobile phones.However,so far they have found no that the radiation that cell phones poses a health risk for humans.现在学习的是第13页，共39页A.debate B.risk C.radiation D.emit E.research F.tower G.evidence H.isolated I.landline J.install K.chat L.destination M.directions N.concentrate O.conduct P.emergency1.C
12、ell phones and cell phone towers emit radiation,and there is a debate about whether this is dangerous for human health.Scientists are conducting research about the health risks of mobile phones.However,so far they have found no evidence that the radiation that cell phones emit poses a health risk fo
13、r humans.现在学习的是第14页，共39页A.debate B.risk C.radiation D.emit E.research F.tower G.evidence H.isolated I.landline J.install K.chat L.destination M.directions N.concentrate O.conduct P.emergency2.Cell phones have many benefits for people in communities,because phones is very expensive,and cell phones al
14、low communication without the need for landline phones.现在学习的是第15页，共39页A.debate B.risk C.radiation D.emit E.research F.tower G.evidence H.isolated I.landline J.install K.chat L.destination M.directions N.concentrate O.conduct P.emergency2.Cell phones have many benefits for people in isolated communit
15、ies,because installing landline phones is very expensive,and cell phones allow communication without the need for landline phones.现在学习的是第16页，共39页A.debate B.risk C.radiation D.emit E.research F.tower G.evidence H.isolated I.landline J.install K.chat L.destination M.directions N.concentrate O.conduct
16、P.emergency3.Cell phones should not be used while driving,because drivers can lose if they are and this can be dangerous.However,they are very useful in and also to help people to get for their if they are lost.现在学习的是第17页，共39页A.debate B.risk C.radiation D.emit E.research F.tower G.evidence H.isolate
17、d I.landline J.install K.chat L.destination M.directions N.concentrate O.conduct P.emergency3.Cell phones should not be used while driving,because drivers can lose concentration if they are chatting and this can be dangerous.However,they are very useful in emergencies and also to help people to get
18、directions for their destination if they are lost.现在学习的是第18页，共39页Practice IIPut the verbs in bracket into the correct tense.Add while to the sentence.Omit the subject and be verb from the continuous action.(Some verbs are passive.)Example(drive)to workmany people(waste)time in traffic congestionWhil
19、e driving to work,many people waste time in traffic congestion.现在学习的是第19页，共39页1.many people(have)accidents(drive)to work.2.chatting on a cell phone(drive)(be)dangerous3.it(be)sensible to take precautions(use)a cell phone4.people(expose)to radiation(use)a cell phone5.talking(drive)(lead to)loss of co
20、ncentration6.cell phone(emit)radiationthey(use)7.You should(avoid)drinking alcohol(drive)现在学习的是第20页，共39页1.many people(have)accidents(drive)to work.Many people have accidents while driving to work.2.chatting on a cell phone(drive)(be)dangerousChatting on a cell phone while driving is dangerous3.it(be
21、)sensible to take precautions(use)a cell phoneIt is sensible to take precautions while using a cell phone现在学习的是第21页，共39页4.people(expose)to radiation(use)a cell phonePeople are exposed to radiation while using a cell phone.5.talking(drive)(lead to)loss of concentrationTalking while driving can lead t
22、o/leads to loss of concentration.6.cell phone(emit)radiationthey(use)Cell phone emits radiation while being used.7.You should(avoid)drinking alcohol(drive)You should avoid drinking alcohol while driving.现在学习的是第22页，共39页例题一：例题一：My View On Job-hopping有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为有些人喜欢经
23、常更换工作，因为我的看法我的看法对比选择型对比选择型(正反两点论式正反两点论式)作文赏析作文赏析 1现在学习的是第23页，共39页Paragraph 1:introductionMy View on Job-hopping Everyones attitude toward job-hopping is different.Some people think they will do one job until retirement.They often say something like this:Take up one thing,like it and be good at it.Th
24、ese people think that only when they are absorbed in one job can they do it well.第一段：本段第二句为主题句，第三、四句通过引用某类人的观点，以说明主题句，并与汉语提示中的“因为”相呼应。现在学习的是第24页，共39页 By contrast,other people like to change jobs from time to time.In their opinion,the aim of doing a job is only to get more money.So when they have a c
25、hance to get a better-paid job certainly they ought to seize the chance.第二段：段首句为主题句，中心思想是“like to change jobs from time to time”；第二、三句为发展句。在对第一、二段进行衔接时，文章使用了信号词“By contrast”。Paragraph 2:body现在学习的是第25页，共39页Paragraph 3:conclusion My view on job-hopping falls between the two viewpoints expressed above.
26、I think if I have a job that really suits me,Ill do it all my life.No other job can attract me no matter what the benefits may be.But if I dont get a suitable job,Ill change it until I find something satisfactory.In a word,I want to find a job that suits me;money and other things are not under consi
27、deration.第三段：谈论“我的看法”时，作者并没有单纯倾向于哪一种观点。段首句中作者首先解释：我的观点介于两者之间；之后，又在发展句中对其态度作了进一步说明。现在学习的是第26页，共39页分析：第一段：本段第二句为主题句，第三、四句通过引用某类人的观点，以说明主题句，并与汉语提示中的“因为”相呼应。第二段：段首句为主题句，中心思想是“like to change jobs from time to time”；第二、三句为发展句。在对第一、二段进行衔接时，文章使用了信号词“By contrast”。第三段：谈论“我的看法”时，作者并没有单纯倾向于哪一种观点。段首句中作者首先解释：我的观点
28、介于两者之间；之后，又在发展句中对其态度作了进一步说明。现在学习的是第27页，共39页例题二：Is It Good for Colleges Students to Have Part-time Jobs?大学生打工的好处大学生打工的害处 你的观点现在学习的是第28页，共39页Is It Good for College Students to Have Part-time Jobs?When it comes to having pair-time jobs for college students,some people think it is beneficial to the stud
29、ents.They believe that after-school work,on the one hand,may help cultivate independence among young people and make them mature;on the other hand,students who have part-time jobs can relieve,to some extent,the economic burdens of their parents.Paragraph 1:introduction现在学习的是第29页，共39页 But others argu
30、e that after-school work has brought a lot of problems.For example,part-time jobs often distract students attention from their studies,so some.Students have shown a decline in their studies,and some even play truant.Paragraph 2:body part现在学习的是第30页，共39页 There is probably some truth in both arguments.
31、But as for me,I think the main task of students is to study and learn what is needed for the development of our society.Though students who have part-time jobs may relieve their parents economic burdens,their early contact with society adds greatly to the worries of their parents.Paragraph 3:conclus
32、ion现在学习的是第31页，共39页分析：第一段：本段第一句为主题句，中心思想是“is beneficial to the students”，这与汉语提示中的“好处”相吻合。第二、三句为发展句，作者通过“打工培养独立精神”和“打工减轻家庭负担”两个事实有效地说明了段落中心思想。第二段：段首句为主题句，中心思想是“a lot of problems”，这与汉语提示中的“害处”相呼应。其后，作者通过衔接词For example引出了打工给大学生带来的一系列不利影响：打工容易分散学生精力，学生因此成绩下降，甚至逃课等。第三段：在说明“你的观点”时，作者首先使用了表达个人观点时常用的句型“There
33、 is probably some truth in both arguments.But as for me,I think”，接着阐明观点，并给出理由。现在学习的是第32页，共39页例题三：Private Cars：Good Or Evil 1.有人认为我们应积极推广私人汽车 2.有人认为我们不应推广私人汽车 3.你的看法现在学习的是第33页，共39页Private Cars:Good or Evil There is a general discussion nowadays about the good or evil effects private cars may bring us
34、.To this problem,different people hold different views.开头段：段落第一句为概述，第二句为论点，论点的主题：“different views”。Paragraph 1:introduction现在学习的是第34页，共39页 Those who favor private cars maintain that private cars are highly desirable for obvious reasons.In the big cities of China,buses are often crowded and slow,espe
35、cially during rush hours.If there are more private cars,people can get around easily.Besides,by driving cars,they might be well protected from the bad weather,and cover long distances rapidly and pleasantly.主体段：第一主体段落中，主题句为第一句。中心思想是“obvious reasons”；发展句中，作者运用了公共汽车拥挤和小汽车的种种便利这两个事实，对中心思想进行说明。Paragraph
36、 2:body part现在学习的是第35页，共39页 However,there are three chief reasons for those people who are against cars.First,cars are the main cause of traffic accident.Thousands upon thousands of people have been killed or injured by car accidents all over the world.Second,car owners have to pay vast sums for roa
37、d tax and other fees every year.This is a big drain on their resources.Finally,private car owners in China may have all kinds of trouble,such as getting a driving license and finding a parking lot.Paragraph 3:body part现在学习的是第36页，共39页 Although cars have so many obvious benefits,they are too luxurious
38、 for the overwhelming majority of Chinese people to own them.Therefore,we may say that it is still early at present for the popularization of private ears in our country.结尾段：本段有两句话构成：第二句话阐述了作者的观点普及轿车为时尚早；第一句解释了原因。Paragraph 4:conclusion part现在学习的是第37页，共39页在写作正反两点论式文章时，我们可以借助以下句型：1.When asked about.,q
39、uite a few/many/most/the vast majority of people think/believe that.But other people regard/see/view/think of.as.I think/view quite/a bit differently.2.When it comes to.,some people think/believe that.Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguments
40、/statements,but.现在学习的是第38页，共39页在写作正反两点论式文章时，我们可以借助以下句型：3.There is a public debate/discussion/controversy today/nowadays on/about/over the problem/issue of.Those who criticize/oppose/object to.contend/argue that.They believe that.But people who advocate/favor.,on the other hand,maintain/assert that.4.Now a lot of/many/the majority of/most people believe/think/feel that.Admittedly,there is no/little evidence that现在学习的是第39页，共39页