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1、宾语从句一：概念：宾语：在行为动词或介词之后，表示行为或动作的对象。宾语从句：在句子中充当宾语并且自身是一个完整的句子。二、 类型 宾语从句根据其引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由连词that引导的宾语从句，如：He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday. 2. 由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句，如： Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week?3. 由 which, when等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，如： I dont know how I can get t
2、here.三、 理顺三个步骤 把两个单句组成含有宾语从句的复合句时，合并变化应遵循以下三个步骤： 1. 确定引导词根据从句的句子类型选择正确的引导词。1.that引导，说明该从句是一个陈述句。that只有语法上的作用，没有实际意义，在口语中往往省略。例如：I believe (that) he will come in two days.I didnt know (that) he had finished the work.2.由if或whether引导，说明该从句是一个一般疑问句。在句中的实际意思是“是否”。例如：He asked me if / whether I was a docto
3、r.We wondered if / whether we should have a test tomorrow.注：只能用whether1).后面有or not 时2）宾语从句提在句首3）在介词之后。3.连接代词或连接副词引导，说明该从句是一个特殊问句，并且这些连接代词或副词还要在句中充当某个成分。例如：Could you told me how I can get to the station?I dont know what they are talking about.2. 调整语序宾语从句永远是陈述句语序=“主语+谓语+宾语”。若原句是疑问句式，则应将它调整为陈述句语序。1) Is
4、 he going to the shop? I want to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)I want to know if/whether he is going to the shop. 2) When does he get up? Do you know? (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Do you know when he gets up? 3. 变换时态 A. 若主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情况选用所需要的任何时态1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow. 2) I think (th
5、at) they have already gone to Beijing. B. 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句动词的时态用过去时的某种形式（如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。如： 1) She asked if/whether he was leaving for Shanghai soon. 2) He said (that) they had a very good journey. “主现/将 从不限 主过从过另外，还需考虑标点的使用和人称的变化。 A. 带宾语从句的主从复合句的标点由主句来决定。若主句是陈述句，则用句号；若主句是疑问句，则用问号。如：
6、1) When do we arrive? We dont know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)We dont know when we arrive.2) What time does the ship leave? Do you know? (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Do you know what time the ship leaves?B. 需变为宾语从句的句子的主语如果是第一人称，则随主句的主语变（主句主语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；如果是第二人称，则随主句的宾语变（主句宾语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；如果是第三人称，则不要变（宾语从句的主语仍用第
7、三人称）。一主二宾三不变如：1) Shall I go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)He asked me if/whether he would go there.2) Will you go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) He asked me if/whether I would go there.3) Will she go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) He asked me if/whether she would go there. 三、 加强三点注意 1. 时态不变
8、 当宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理等时，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态。如： The earth goes around the sun. The teacher said. (改为宾语从句) The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 2. “两副面孔” if和when等既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。因此，碰到此种情况要认真分析看它们属于“两副面孔”的哪一种。当从句表示将来时, 若引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；若引导的是状语从句，它们的时态常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： 1) I dont
9、 know if/when he will come tomorrow.(宾语从句) 2) If/When he comes, hell tell you about it.(状语从句) 3. 从句的简化 A. 当主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, choose, agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： He agreed that he could help me with my English. He agreed to help me with my English.B. 当主句谓语动词为hear, see, watch等感官动词时，从句常简
10、化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或v-ing形式。如： I heard that some children sang / were singing some songs.I heard some children sing/singing some songs. C. 在连接代/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语相一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代/副词+不定式”结构。如：I dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do.巩固练习一：.用动词的适当形式填空。1.I think he _ (come) bac
11、k soon.2.He told me his father _ (read) the newspaper this time yesterday.3.I want to know if he _ (go) fishing with me.4.I didnt know who _ (break) the window.5.He told me his father _ (fly) to Beijing the next day.6.The teacher told us that light _ (travel) much faster than sound.7.He asked if the
12、 girl _ (find) her lost bike.8.He said he _ (go) to Beijing three years ago.9.He asked who the girl _ (look) for.10.I asked him whether it _ (snow)in winter in Australia.二.将下列句子改成宾语从句。1.My father will come back in two days. He said _.2.Does your uncle live in Beijing? He asked me _.3.Have you finish
13、ed reading the novel? He asked me _.4.Will you go to the park with me? He asked me _.5.Who can answer the question in English? He asked _.6.Whats wrong with the boy? The doctor asked _.7.What is the man doing? He asked _.8.Are the foreign guests going to visit our school? Nobody knew _.9.Is the shan
14、ghai library open on Sundays? Do you know_?10.Who does he want to see? Didnt he tell you _.三：选择填空。1.Have you decided _ for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B.where Tom livedC.Tom lives where
15、 D.where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A.where was the cinema B.where is the cinemaC.where the cinema was D.where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him.A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didnt know _ he will come or not.A. that B. Whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much
16、cost these shoes B.how much do these shoes costC.how much these shoes cost D.how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ .A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him _ .A.whose cup this is B.whose cup is this C.this is whose cup D.whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time t
17、he movie starts B.what time starts the movieC.the time to start the movie D.the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if i
18、t will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital
19、B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _.A.what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B.when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC.what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD.where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one know
20、s _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A.when B. Whether C. Where D. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do
21、B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do20.He asked me _.A.whether I find out the sender of the moneyB.whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC.whether the s
22、ender of the money found outD.whether I found out the sender of the money21 .The children said they themselves very much .A .if ,enjoy B .why ,enjoyed C .what ,enjoy D .that ,enjoyed22 .I dont think I out the problem .A .if , can work B .how , will workC .that , can workD .when , will work23 .She is
23、 afraid he cold at night .A .that , will catch B .that , catches C .whether , will catch D .if , catches24 .We are sure he to speak French well .A .that , learned B .that , has learned C .if , learnedD .if ,has learned25 .The boy asked I any noise from outside .A .when , heard B .why , had heardC .w
24、hether , had heard D .what ,heard26 .Who can tell us about over there ?A .what they talkB .what do they talk C .what are they talkingD .what they are talking27 .We couldnt find out ,so we asked a policeman .A .whose bike it was B .whose bike was it C .whose it was bike D .whose was it bike28 .Do you
25、 know take to get to the hospital ?A .which way must we B .which must we way C .which way we must D .which we must way29 .Tom asked to school late .A .who did often come B .who often did come C .who often come D .who often came30 .I dont remember the boy by himself .A .why did she leave B .why she l
26、eft C .why had she left D .why she had left31 .Have you forgotten when he died ?A .how old he was B .how old was he C .what did he sayD .what he did say32 .Nobody knows to visit our school .A .when will he come B .when does he come C .when he will come D .when he does come33 .Please tell us to the s
27、cience museum .A .how can we reach B .how we can reach C .how can we get D .how we can get34 .Dont you believe to the moon by spaceship ?A .that man flew B .how did man fly C .if man fly D .whether man fly35 .I dont know .A .what is the matter with himB .what the matter is with himC .what with him the matter isD .what the matter with him is36 .He doesnt tell me if he .If he .Ill telephone you .A .will come , comes B .will come , will come C .comes , will come D .comes , comes6