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1、科 技 创 新,考前4天,2022届全国新高考英语备考复习,目录,“科技创新”是高中英语新课程标准话题之一。该话题涉及各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。科技已经影响、渗透到我们生活的方方面面。生活离不开科技,科技在为生活服务。 “现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题,主要题型为阅读理解,体裁一般为说明文,分值所占比重也比较高。例如2019年全国卷阅读理解D篇主题是美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目,旨在鼓励考生开发创新思维,培养生活技能。科普类文章注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象。这类文章贴近考生的学习、生活实际,有利于激发考生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用, 能全面地考查考
2、生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析、解决实际问题的能力。科普类文章往往具有跨学科、行文逻辑性强等特点:要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握。这类文章主要命题形式为细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题等。,.品词识义1.accessible adj._ 2.automatic adj. _ 3.breakthrough n. _ 4.digital adj. _ 5.privilege n. _ 6.procedure n. _,易接近的;可得到的,自动的,重大进展;突破,数字的;数码的,特权;特殊待遇,程序;手续,7.revolution n. _ 8.drawback n. _
3、9.cyberspace n. _ 10.transform v. _ 11.laptop n. _ 12.system n. _,革命,缺点;不利条件,网络空间,改造;改革;变换;改变,笔记本电脑,系统;体系,.单句填空1.(2020全国)Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after (control) for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. 2.(20
4、20全国)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that (occur) billions of years ago. 3.(2020全国)On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of (adapt)not to air or to food, but to the ocean.,controlling,occurred,adaptation,4.(2020浙江) (challenge)
5、 work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. 5.(2020天津)Directed sound is a new technology that _(allow) companies to use sound in much the same way spo
6、tlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. 6.(2019全国)How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning a bunch of high school kids.,Challenging,allows,to,7.(2019全国)A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols (consist) of numbers and selective
7、letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. 8.(2019北京)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from (number) they dont know. 9.(2019北京)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of (determine) and communicating what is re
8、al.,consisting,numbers,determining,10.(2019江苏)Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body. 11.This little device, is flexible and convenient, has obvious advantages. 12.We are living in an information age, when TV, cellphones and the web are (wide) used.,tha
9、t,which,widely,13.In a word, people should make good use of mobile phones instead of becoming (addict) to them. 14. the help of the computer, it will be possible for humans to work at home. 15.Well do our best to catch up with the (advance) world levels. 16.The more they use the phone during the day
10、, the_ (poor) their sleep is.,addicted,With,advanced,poorer,17.Having a mobile phone makes it easy for me (keep) in touch with my friends. 18.As we all know, Tu Youyou, a Chinese woman scientist, has made great (contribute) to medical research. 19.Faced with new opportunities and (challenge), he is
11、determined to have a try. 20.As we all know, today we benefit from countless (invent).,to keep,contributions,challenges,inventions,.完成句子1.It goes without saying that modern technology _in life.毫无疑问,现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。 2., students can obtain knowledge on the Internet, and , they can _.一方面,学生可以通过网络学习知
12、识;另一方面,他们可以开阔自己的视野。 3.I believe I can use the Internet very well _.我相信只要我知道如何控制自己,我就能很好地使用互联网。,brings us convenience and comfort,On the one hand on the other hand broaden their horizons,as long as I know how to control myself,4.From what has been mentioned above, we should _, enjoying its convenienc
13、e but avoiding its negative influence.根据上面提到的,我们应该合理地利用手机享受其便利,但是避免其负面影响。 5.Microblog can provide a platform to show our talent and release our pressure, thus _.微博能提供一个展示我们的天赋、释放我们的压力的平台,因此这使它越来越受高中生的欢迎。 6. , we can surf the Internet at a much higher speed.一旦这一新技术开始使用,我们就可以以快得多的速度在网上冲浪。,making it mo
14、re and more popular with senior high school students,make use of the mobile phone properly,Once the new technology comes into use,.语法填空 Chinese high-speed trains are a very 1.(comfort) way to travel. They are clean, quiet and efficient. China has led other developing countries and even some develope
15、d ones in this field since the first high-speed train 2.(come) into use in 2008. The stations are 3.(main) built outside the town center, but local transport has been lengthened 4._(connect) the high-speed network. The facilities on the train are new and the staff are well trained. Even the second c
16、lass 5.(chair) provide plenty of space. The passages are so wide 6. you,【语篇解读】本文介绍了中国高铁在世界上处于领先地位,同时也介绍了它的优势。,fortable中国高铁是一种很舒服的旅行方式。修饰名词way用形容词,故填comfortable。,2.came根据时间状语in 2008可知,此处应用一般过去时,故用came。,3.mainly高铁站主要修在市郊,但是当地的交通延伸到高铁站来连接全国高铁网络。修饰动词build用副词。,4.to connect分析句子可知,此处用不定式作目的状语,故填to connect。
17、,5.chairs即使是二等座的椅子也有相当大的空间。分析句子可知,本句缺少主语,chair为可数名词,故用其复数形式。,6.that通道是如此宽敞,你可以经过的时候不用打扰别人。so.that“如此以至于”,故此处填that。,can move without disturbing anyone. You can use your mobile phone, access 7. Internet or work on your laptop. There is also a restaurant car, though the kinds of food 8.(be) limited. Th
18、e toilets are large, clean and user-friendly too. The train almost doesnt rock. Even when the train brakes, you can hardly feel it shake. Whats more, the high-speed trains are also 9.(little) affected by weather than planes. Seldom are they delayed or cancelled for weather condition. 10., they have
19、become the first choice for many passengers.,7.toaccess to sth为固定搭配,意为“得以使用某物”,故此处填to。,8.are分析句子可知,本句主语为kinds,故谓语动词须用复数形式,此处为一般现在时陈述一般事实,故填are。,9.less根据下文than planes可知,设空处须用比较级形式,故填less。,10.Therefore根据语境可知,设空处前后为因果关系,且有逗号隔开,故填Therefore。,主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一,主要考查考生通过阅读文章准确获取文章的主旨和归纳、概括中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章
20、主旨大意、总结段落大意、归纳文章标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。例如2020年全国卷、全国卷15个阅读理解题中都有2个主旨大意题,全国卷有3个主旨大意题。,1.主旨大意题体裁决定答案文章的主旨大意往往由文章体裁决定。,2.标题归纳题(1)正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨;(2)反面否定法:撇开原文,拿各个备选项去设想,用它们写出来的文章将是什么内容,然后和原文对照,一一排除不恰当的选项。3.段落大意题根据逻辑结构精准定位主题句(1)总分顺序组织段落:首句做总的说明,其他句子对其进行具体论述,这种结构的主题句就在段首;(2)分总顺序组织段落:主题句就在段尾;(3
21、)分总分顺序组织段落:主题句就在段落的中间。,4.写作意图题不同的体裁有不同的写作意图,A Scientists may one day be able to destroy viruses in the same way that opera singers break wine glasses. New research mathematically determined the frequencies at which simple viruses could be shaken to death. “The capsid (壳) of a virus is something like
22、 the shell of a turtle,” said physicist Otto Sankey of Arizona State University. “If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.”,Recent experimental evidence has shown that laser (激光) pulses with the right frequency can kill certain viruses. However, locating
23、 these resonant (共振的) frequencies is a bit of trial and error. “Experiments must try various conditions,” Sankey said. To further this search, Sankey and his student Eric Dykeman have developed a way to calculate the vibrations of every atom in a virus shell. From this, they can determine the lowest
24、 resonant frequencies. An experiment has recently shown that pulses of laser light can cause destructive vibrations in virus shells. Sankey said, “Like waking up a child on a swing by pushing him, one sudden push gets the virus shaking.”,However, it is difficult to calculate what sort of push will k
25、ill a virus, since there can be millions of atoms in its shell structure. A direct calculation of each atoms movements would take several hundred thousand Gigabytes of computer memory, Sankey explained.,The team plans to use their technique to study other more complicated viruses. However, it is sti
26、ll a long way from using this to destroy the viruses in infected people. “This is such a new field, and there are so few experiments that the science has not yet had enough time to prove itself,” Sankey said. “We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”,【语篇解读】文章介绍了一种使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的方法。,
27、1.What may be the new way to kill viruses?A.Replacing viruses capsids with shells.B.Breaking viruses capsids by vibration.C.Locating the position of certain viruses.D.Damaging the conditions that viruses like.,1.B细节题。根据第2段中的The capsid of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle和“If the shell
28、can be damaged by mechanical vibrations, the virus can be destroyed.”可知,病毒有一层外壳,如果受到机械振动则可以将其破坏,病毒就可以被毁灭。,2.Why did Sankey mention “waking up a child on a swing by pushing him” in Paragraph 4?A.To prove how simple the new theory is.B.To explain how to start the virus shaking.C.To suggest the idea co
29、mes from our real life.D.To show the destructive power of vibrations.,2.B推断题。根据第4段最后一句可知,就像从秋千上推孩子把他弄醒一样,一个突然的推动就会让病毒颤抖,因此可推断,Sankey是用类比的方式帮助读者了解这种破坏病毒的原理。,3.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?A.The shell structure of viruses.B.The lack of computer memory.C.The challenging part of the research.D.The i
30、mportance of atoms movement.,3.C主旨题。根据第5段的内容可知,由于病毒的外壳结构中可能有数百万个原子,因此很难计算出哪种推动会杀死病毒。直接计算每个原子的运动将消耗大量计算机内存,因此本段主要讲的是在这项研究中会遇到的问题。,4.What is Sankeys attitude towards the theory? A.Disapproving.B.Worried.C.Uncaring. D.Positive.,4.D推断题。根据最后一段中的“We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”可知
31、,Sankey对这项新技术的未来是有信心的。,B “This has gone as well as I could have dreamed, and I can fly in the near future!” Yes, Alyssa Carson, a 20-year-old astronaut from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, is capable. For her, riding the most aggressive roller coaster in the park is not a big deal. If all goes according to
32、her plans, NASA will send her to Mars in 2033, making her the first human to step foot on the planet. She will spend two to three years living there, growing food, performing science experiments and searching for signs of life. “The Martian is actually very accurate,” she said. “A lot of things that
33、 happened in the movies are similar to what is going to happen.” She has devoted her entire life to preparing for her journey.,Her love for space started when she watched a cartoon called The Backyardigans at the age of 3.Five animal pals went on imaginary adventures in their backyard, including one
34、 parta mission to Mars. “I thought this red planet was so cool!” she said. “I started watching videos of rovers landing on Mars. I had a large map of Mars in my room which I would look at every day. I started getting telescopes so I could look at space.”,At age 7, her father took her to space camp i
35、n Huntsville, Alabama. “That was the weekend of my life,” she said. “I got to learn everything I had been wanting to know and I got to see a life-sized rocket.” She cherished the rocket so much that she returned 18 times. At age 12, she became the first person in history to attend all three NASA spa
36、ce camps in Huntsville, Alabama; Quebec, Canada and Izmir, Turkey. At first she mastered the basics of space and how humans have explored it throughout time. As she got older she simulated (模拟) missions, trying to reach a destination in, weightless zones.,When she was 9, she met NASA astronaut Sandr
37、a Magnus. The experienced explorer told her she was her age when she decided to go to space. At that moment Alyssa knew her love of space was not a hobby. “I did the same thing as other kids, like switching my mind about careers, wanting to be a teacher or the president one day,” she said. “But the
38、way I always thought about it was I would become an astronaut, go to Mars, come back, and then be a teacher or the president.”,【语篇解读】Alyssa Carson对于航天十分热爱,按照计划美国航天局将于2033年将她送上火星。这会使她成为第一个踏上火星的人类。,5.Which of the following about Alyssa Carson is right?A.She has created model missions to Mars.B.She is
39、the youngest one who has completed astronaut training.C.She is likely to be the first human to perform different tasks on Mars.D.She has visited the space camp in Huntsville,Alabama for nearly 30 times.,5.C细节题。根据第1段内容可知,Alyssa Carson很可能是第一个在火星上执行不同任务的人。,6.Whats supposed to be stressed by referring t
40、o NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus?A.The power of space dreams.B.The popularity of space travel.C.The importance of career choices.D.The excitement of her space experiences.,6.A推断题。根据最后一段前两句“When she was 9, she met NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus. The experienced explorer told her she was her age when she
41、decided to go to space.”可知,宇航员Sandra告诉Alyssa,自己9岁时也有关于太空的梦想,所以可以推断此处强调了梦想的力量。,7.What cant be inferred from the passage?A.The Backyardigans is a cartoon for kids.B.Alyssa will have many tasks to complete if she lands on Mars successfully.C.Alyssa was led to learn the basics of space science by her father.D.Alyssa enjoys riding roller coasters like many other young people.,7.D推断题。根据第1段中的“For her, riding the most aggressive roller coaster in the park is not a big deal.”可知,对她来说,在公园里乘坐最具攻击性的过山车并不是什么大事,但本句话推断不出D项。,延时符,谢,谢,观,赏,