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1、,Unit 3 Getting along with othersExtended reading,1,2,3,Understand the genre, the structure and the gist of the essay;,Analyze the writing techniques and try to apply them to writing;,Write a summary of the essay.,Learning objectives,Francis Bacon (1561-1626),An English Renaissance statesman and phi
2、losopher, known for his promotion of the scientific method and for his essays which show his sharp worldly wisdom,Step 1 Introduction of the author,The Advancement of Learning 学术的进步Novum Organum新工具The New Atlantis新大西岛Maxims of the Law 法律原理Essays论说文集,His work,Famous quotes of Bacon,Reading makes a fu
3、ll man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.,读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，写作使人严谨。,Francis Bacons essays was published in book form in 1597, 1612 and 1625 and these were the first works in English that described themselves as essays. Most of the lines from his essays have always been acclaimed as immor
4、tal quotes.,What an essay is？,Francis Bacons essays.,Essays are brief, non-fiction compositions that describe, clarify, argue or analyze a subject.,Step 2 Prediction,Look at the title. What aspects of friendship will probably be talked about?,The definition of friendshipThe development of friendship
5、The qualities of good friendsThe significance of friendship,As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape int
6、o our own world. Social life is also important to us. More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimesrocky road that we are all meant to travel.As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. Generally speaking, close friendships have t
7、hree “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and more satisfied humans.,The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and fai
8、lure. Here, friendship has a double advantagehappiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! Naturally, this kind of openness results from a close friendship. With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness in full measure. We know that our friends wi
9、ll both respect our feelings and treasure these moments of closeness. Indeed, the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.,The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise frien
10、ds. We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses than our own. As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be one-sided. On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make. Also, when we wan
11、t to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first. This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems.,The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways. Sometimes a frien
12、d is even known as our “second self”. There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends. Friends may have many different ideas and skills. They can help us achieve what we want during life and, perhaps, even after death.,Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoyi
13、ng the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed. In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our trusted friends.,This essay is about the _ of friendship.,importanc
14、e/benefits,1. Whats the main idea of the essay?,Step 3 A global view,2. Go through the passage quickly and underline the sentences that indicate the main idea of each paragraph,Para. 6 Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed.,Para. 1 More often than not, close friend
15、ships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.,Para. 2 There are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.,Para. 3 The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure.,Para. 4 The second frui
16、t of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends.,Para. 5 The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways. Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second self”.,Lets Check
17、,Para. 1,Para. 2,Para. 3,Para. 4,Para. 5,Para. 6,Introduction to the topic,Detailed explanation of the fruits,Conclusion,3.draw out the structure of the article,Step 4 A close look,Read paras. 35 again and fill in the table.,Para. 3,Be free to share with our friends our joy, sadness, success and fai
18、lure in full measure.,Have a double advantagehappiness becomes greater and trouble is halved.Give our heart comfort and protection.,Peace,Step 4 A close look,Read paras. 35 again and fill in the table.,Para. 4,Through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends.,Our friends are better able to o
19、ffer advice.Conversations make our thoughts clearer and help us understand our problems more thoroughly.,Better understanding and judgement,Step 4 A close look,Read paras. 35 again and fill in the table.,Para. 5,A friend may offer help in many different ways.,We cannot achieve many things without th
20、e help of friends. Friends can help us achieve what we want during life, even after death.,Help,2. Will you turn to friends when you are confronted with difficulty? How do you know when to be independent and when to ask for the help of friends?,1.Do you think you can get better advice from your frie
21、nds? Why?,3. Why does Francis Bacon say that “enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends”?,Step 5 Critical thinking,Step 6 Writing techniques,A metaphor is a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in c
22、ommon. There is no “as” or “like” in a metaphor.,Parallelism uses similar words, phrases or clauses to show that ideas have the same level of importance. This structure improves readability by giving a natural flow to a written work.,1. More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the
23、 sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. (para. 1),What does “rocky road” here mean?,Examples of metaphor,It refers to our life. Our life is not always smooth. We may encounter difficulties now and then.,2. As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own t
24、houghts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. (para. 1),3. In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our trusted friends. (para. 6),1. Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and more satisfied humans. (para. 2),3.
25、 The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure. (para. 3),Examples of Parallelism,2. In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our trusted friends. (para. 6),4. The second fruit of
26、 friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends. (para. 4),Dos Focus on the main ideas and key ideas.Express these ideas in your own words.Use some linking words. Pay attention to coherence.,Tips,DontsDont include supporting details or background knowledge.Dont include your personal opinion.,Step 7 Writing a summary,THANKS,