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1、关于句子成分专题讲解现在学习的是第1页,共43页构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.Definition现在学习的是第2页,共43页主要成分主要成分次要成分次要成分主语主语Subject(S)谓语谓语Predicate(V)表语表语Predicative(P)宾语宾语Object(O)定语定语Attribute状语状语Adverbial补足语补足语句子成分句子成分ObjectComplement(Oc)现在学习的是第3页,共43页句子成分详解表句子成分详解表句子成分详解表句子成分详解表句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语句子叙述的主体,表示句子说的
2、是什句子叙述的主体,表示句子说的是什么人或什么事么人或什么事名、代、数、名词化的形名、代、数、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和容词、不定式、动名词和从句从句WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语做什么,是什么或和状态,说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样怎么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象或承受者表示动作行为的对象或承受者同主语同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语表语与联系动词连用,说明主语的身份、与联
3、系动词连用,说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的性质、品性、特征和状态的名词、形容词、副词、介名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句、从句Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词、代词或其他名词化的用来修饰名词、代词或其他名词化的词词形,代,数,名形,代,数,名,副,介词短语或从句副,介词短语或从句Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语状语修饰动词短语、形容词短语、副词短修饰动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、分句以至句子,表示动作发生的语、分句以至句子,表示动作发
4、生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等果等副词,介词短语或从句副词,介词短语或从句Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词,名词,介词形容词,名词,介词短语等短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!现在学习的是第4页,共43页v是一个是一个句子句子所叙述的所叙述的主体主体,表示句子说的是,表示句子说的
5、是什什么人或什么事么人或什么事,一般位于一般位于句首句首。v但在但在therebe结构、疑问句结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和词时)和倒装句倒装句中,主语中,主语不放于句首不放于句首,而位于,而位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。v主语可由主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。等表示。主语主语Subject现在学习的是第5页,共43页1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopula
6、r。2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词)(名词)(代词)(代词)(数词)(数词)(不定式)(不定式)(动名词)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)(名词化的形容词)现在学习的是第6页,共43页7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Iti
7、snecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(主语从句)(主语从句)(itit作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)定式)现在学习的是第7页,共43页v说明说明主语所做的动作主语所做的动作或或具有的特征和具有的特征和状态状态。v动词或动词词组动词或动词词组在句中作谓语,一般在句中作谓语,一般放在放在主语之后主语之后。谓语谓语Predicate现在学习的是第8页,共43页1、简单谓语、简单谓语:由一个:由一个动词或动词短语动词或动词短语构成。构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoff
8、attenoclock.2、复合谓语、复合谓语:(1)由)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词的各种变形情态动词或其他助动词加动词的各种变形构成。如:构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由)由系动词加表语系动词加表语构成。如:构成。如:Wearestudents.注意:注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致(主谓一致)。(主谓一致)。现在学习的是第9页,共43页v表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面及物动词和介词后面。v由由名词、代词、数词、名
9、词化的形容名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来等来担任。担任。宾语宾语Object现在学习的是第10页,共43页1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(名词)(名词)(代词、动名词)(代词、动名词)(名词、数词)(名词、数词)现在学习的是第11页,共43页4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhousework
10、yesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(名词化形容词,名词)(名词化形容词,名词)(不定式短语)(不定式短语)(动名词短语)(动名词短语)(宾语从句)(宾语从句)现在学习的是第12页,共43页(1)双宾语双宾语(间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语)Lendme your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,th
11、row等,等,Hesentthe novel to Williamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,等,Sheboughta gift for her mother.(2)复合宾语复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾补宾补)Theyelectedhim their monitor.现在学习的是第13页,共43页v只能接不定式只能接不定式做宾语做宾语ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,
12、offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等,等,如:如:Herefusedto lend me his bike.v只能接动名词只能接动名词做宾语做宾语admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等,等,如:如:Johnhasadmittedbreaking the window.v既可接不定式,也可接动名词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但做宾语,但意义不同意义不同stop,mean,try,
13、remember,forget,regret等。等。现在学习的是第14页,共43页v用以说明主语的用以说明主语的身份、性质、品性、身份、性质、品性、特征和状态特征和状态。v一般位于一般位于系动词(如系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后等)之后。v表语一般由表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数名词、代词、形容词、数词、词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句介词短语及表语从句表示。表示。表语表语Predicative现在学习的是第15页,共43页1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(
14、名词)(名词)2.Isityours?(代词)(代词)3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)(形容词)4.Thespeechisexciting.(分词)(分词)5.Threetimessevenistwenty one?(数词)(数词)现在学习的是第16页,共43页6.Hisjobisto teach English.(不定式)(不定式)7.Hishobbyisplaying football.(动名词)(动名词)8.Themeetingisof great importance.(介词短语)(介词短语)9.Timeis up.Theclassisover.(副词)(
15、副词)10.Thetruthisthat he has never been abroad.(表语从句)(表语从句)现在学习的是第17页,共43页用于用于连接主语和表语连接主语和表语,说明主语的身份、性,说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态等。质、品性、特征和状态等。系动词(系动词(Linkingverb)状态系动词状态系动词持续系动词持续系动词表像系动词表像系动词感官系动词感官系动词变化系动词变化系动词终止系动词终止系动词现在学习的是第18页,共43页1)状态系动词状态系动词:表示主语状态表示主语状态,beeg.Heisateacher.2)持续系动词持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种表示
16、主语继续或保持一种状况或态度状况或态度,keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,standeg.Healwayskept silentatmeeting.3)表像系动词表像系动词:表示表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概这一概念,念,seem,appear,lookeg.Heseems(tobe)verysad.现在学习的是第19页,共43页4)感官系动词感官系动词:feel,smell,sound,tasteeg.Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5)变化系动词变化系动词:表示主语变成什么样,表示主语变成什么样,become,grow,turn,fall,get
17、,go,come,runeg.Hebecamemadafterthat.6)终止系动词终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,表达表示主语已终止动作,表达“证实证实”,“变成变成”之意,之意,prove,turnouteg.Therumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.现在学习的是第20页,共43页v英语中有些英语中有些及物动词及物动词,除有一个直接宾语,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子使句子的意义完整的意义完整。v带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物某些及物动词动词+宾语
18、宾语+宾补宾补。v宾补可由宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句词、介词短语和从句充当。充当。宾语补足语宾语补足语Objectcomplement现在学习的是第21页,共43页1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewills
19、oonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(名词)(名词)(形容词)(形容词)(副词)(副词)(不定式短语)(不定式短语)(现在分词)(现在分词)(介词短语)(介词短语)(从句)(从句)现在学习的是第22页,共43页v修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称的词、短语或从句称为定语。为定语。v定语常由定语常由形容词,分词,名词形容词,分词,名词,代词,代词,不定式短语,动名词,介词短语或不定式短语,动名词,介词短语或从句从句担任。担任。定语定语Attribute现在学习的是第23页,共43页1.Guilinisa beautiful city.(形容词)(形容词)2
20、.Chinaisadeveloping country;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)(分词)3.Therearethirty womenteachersinourschool.(名词)(名词)4.His rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)(代词)现在学习的是第24页,共43页5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)(不定式短语)6.Theteaching planfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)(动名
21、词)7.Heisreadinganarticleabout how to learn English.(介词短语)(介词短语)8.Farmerswho saw usstaredatusasifwearewalkingskeletons.(定语从句定语从句)现在学习的是第25页,共43页v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。状语。v常由常由副词,介词短语,句子副词,介词短语,句子充当。充当。状语状语Adverbial现在学习的是第26页,共43页1.Lighttravelsmostquick
22、ly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(副词及副词性词组)(副词及副词性词组)(介词短语)(介词短语)(不定式短语)(不定式短语)现在学习的是第27页,共43页4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(分词短语)(分词短语)(名词)(名词)(状语从句)(状语从句)现在学习的是第28页,共43页1.Howaboutmeeting
23、againat six?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecause of the rain.3.Ishallgothereif it doesnt rain.4.MrSmithliveson the third floor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwith great care.(时间状语)(时间状语)(原因状语)(原因状语)(条件状语)(条件状语)(地点状语)(地点状语)(方式状语)(方式状语)10种状语种状语现在学习的是第29页,共43页6.Shecameinwith a dictionary in her han
24、d.7.In order to catch up with the others,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthat he fell asleep immediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthough she is old.10.Iamtallerthan he is.(伴随状语)(伴随状语)(目的状语)(目的状语)(结果状语)(结果状语)(让步状语)(让步状语)(比较状语)(比较状语)现在学习的是第30页,共43页 p同位语(同位语(Appositive):对前面的名词或代对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由词做进一步的解释,通常由名
25、词、数词、名词、数词、代词或从句代词或从句担任担任ThisisMr.Zhou,our headmaster.p插入语(插入语(Parenthesis):对一句话做一些对一句话做一些附加的解释,通常有附加的解释,通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe-)等等To be frank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.现在学习的是第31页,共43页(一)指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:(一)指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:v1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.v2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.v3.Is
26、hallansweryourquestionafterclass.v4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!v5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbialExercises现在学习的是第32页,共43页v6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.v7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.v8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight
27、.v9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.v10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.v11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.v12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.v13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.现在学习的是第33页,共43页v14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?v15.T
28、obehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.v16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?v17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.v18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.v19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.v20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative现在学习的是第34页,共43页指
29、出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分:指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分:1.Ontheleftofmyhouseisanoldchurch.2.Whycouldtheboilingpointofwaterbeloweratthetopofamountain?3.Iamnotgoingtoworktoday.4.Thisthingisforpeelingpotatoes.5.Whattimewillyouarrive?6.TheGeniepromisedthatifanyoneshouldcomeandsethimfree,hewouldmakehimveryrich.7.Whatnationalit
30、yareyou?S.S.V.Prep.O.Adv.O.C.Predicative现在学习的是第35页,共43页8.Icouldntunderstandwhyhehaddecidedtoretireat50.9.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.10.Wehadalreadyreached9000feetbythen.11.Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.12.IllbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterIhavehadafewlessons.13.Iloveswimming.Itkee
31、psmefit.14.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesntgrowontrees.AdverbialV.O.C.O.O.C.S.O.现在学习的是第36页,共43页(二二)划分句子成分划分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwish
32、estoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.现在学习的是第37页,共43页9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.Iveorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwo
33、uldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.AprilDayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.现在学习的是第38页,共43页17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyou
34、leavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?现在学习的是第39页,共43页25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistant
35、foundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.现在学习的是第40页,共43页33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedtome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.现在学习的是第41页,共43页Bye Bye现在学习的是第42页,共43页感谢大家观看现在学习的是第43页,共43页