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1、关于动词不定式的基本用法归纳第一页,讲稿共十页哦 一、动词不定时的形式v肯定式:肯定式:to do sth v否定式:否定式:not to do sth.v 被动式:被动式:to be done v完成式:完成式:to have done 第二页,讲稿共十页哦1.作主语A.动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如:动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如:(1)To see is to believe.(2)To master English gives us much help in the study of sience.B.不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用
2、it作形式主作形式主语,构成语,构成“It is+形容词形容词(+for sb.)不定式不定式”结构。结构。It is impossible for him to give up smoking.二、动词不定式的用法第三页,讲稿共十页哦2.作宾语A动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多,如动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多,如want,decide,intend,fail,wish,export,pretend,choose等等。等等。I mean to go there at once.B.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短
3、语放在宾补之后,而用定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式宾语。句型为作形式宾语。句型为“主主语语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词形容词/名名词词+to do sth”。I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.I find it interesting to work with him.第四页,讲稿共十页哦C动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语,但仅限于介词动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语,但仅限于介词except和和but(除了)。(除了)。v常用句型有:常用句型有:There
4、 is nothing to do but+动词原形动词原形do nothing but+动词(除做动词(除做.之外别无选择)之外别无选择)can but+动词原形动词原形(只能原形(只能原形(“只有做只有做)have no choice but to do,只得),只得)cannot help/choose but+动词原形动词原形(不能不不能不)第五页,讲稿共十页哦3作表语和宾语不足语v动词不定式作表语,一是主语有不定式充当;二是主语由抽象名词充当。To teach is to learn.My job is to help the patient.【注意】如果在主语中(通常在主语从句或修
5、饰主语的定语从句中)又实意动词do时,作表语的动词不定式省略to。All I want to do now(What I want to do now)is fill my stomach.第六页,讲稿共十页哦4 4作宾语补足语作宾语补足语【注意】在感官动词(【注意】在感官动词(see,hear,feel,listen to,notice,watch,observe等)和使役动词(等)和使役动词(let,have,make)后的补足语中,不定式不带)后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但这类。但这类句子变成被动语态时,必须带句子变成被动语态时,必须带to。I saw him play in the
6、park.He was seen to play in the park.The boss made those men work day and night.Those men were made to work day and night.第七页,讲稿共十页哦5.定语1、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如名、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如名词为不定式的逻辑主语,构成主谓关系;词为不定式的逻辑主语,构成主谓关系;若名词为逻若名词为逻辑宾语,则构成动宾关系;辑宾语,则构成动宾关系;He is not a man to tell lies.There will not b
7、e enough space to stand in on the earth 2、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系,、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系,不定不定式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上一个介词,式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上一个介词,如如;He has a nice pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in.He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.第八页,讲稿共十页哦6.作状语不定式作状语时,可表示目的,原因,结果或条件。不定
8、式作状语时,可表示目的,原因,结果或条件。如如;Im very glad to hear the news.(原因(原因)不定式作目的状语时,常可与不定式作目的状语时,常可与to,to order to,so as to 连连用。用。He got up early so as not to be late.不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。The question is difficult to answer.。有些不定式短语可以做独立成份,通常放在句首,有时置有些不定式短语可以做独立成份,通常放在句首,有时置于句中或句未,须用逗号的开。于句中或句未,须用逗号的开。第九页,讲稿共十页哦感谢大家观看27.09.2022第十页,讲稿共十页哦