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1、名词一、定义：表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。二、分类：专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,China个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如student,book名普可数名词集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family, people词通名物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton,air,tea词不可数名词抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如:work， happiness,news可数：普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。不可数：不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物
2、质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship 等)注意：不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。名词的数一、可数名词变复数的变化规则： 绝大多数在词尾加s。如：（ mapmaps ， boyboys ，horse horses，table table）s以 ch,sh,s,x,结尾的名词加 es。如：（ class classe,sboxboxes , busbuses,dish dishe）s3） 以 o 结尾的词有生命加es。如：（he
3、ro heroes,negro negroe,stomato,tomatoe，s potato potato）es无生命加 s。如： piano , photo ,radio ,zoo4） 以辅音字母 y 结尾的名词，将y 改为 i，再加 es。如： baby,babies;family,families;以元音字母 y 结尾的名词，直接加s。如： boy,boys;key,keys5） 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，先将f 或 fe 改为 v，再加 es 构成复数形式， 如：（ shelf shelve,swolf wolves , lifelives, knife knives）但有些以
4、f 结尾的名词，是在f 后加 s 构成复数，常见的有：roof,chief,belief,等。二、名词复数的不规则变化：manmen 男人woman women 女人tooth teeth牙齿foot feet脚mousemice 老鼠child children孩子goosegeese鹅三、单复同形的名词有：chinese中国人 Japanese日本人 sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿fish鱼people注意： fish当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish.当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es如： all kindskaindz of fishes .各种各样的鱼当鱼肉
5、讲时，不可数。四、以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。water(水) milk( 牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange（橙汁） juice（果汁） bread（面包）练习写出下列名词复数leaf puppy bus bench box brush knife kiss fly church dish ruler peach glass pencil boy zoo man sheep knife lady key story watch bamboo city family day child tooth guy hero spy boss _monkey c
6、ity 二、单项选择goat radio ()1. The in our yard are very beautiful.A. clothB. waterC. flowers()2. Tom is one of the Chinese in our school.A. boyB. boysC. boies ()3. A cat has four , doesnt it?A. footsB. feetC. feets()4. There are three and five in the room.A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. Am
7、erican, Japanese ()5. Can you see nine in the picture?A. fishB. bookC. horses ()6. The has two .A. boy; watchB. boy; watchesC. boys; watch()7. The are flying back to their country.A. GermanyB. GermanysC. Germans()8. The girl brushes her every day before he goes to bed.A. toothsB. teethC. teeths ()9.
8、I saw many in the street.A. peoplesB.peopleC.people s三、填入所给名词的正确形式1. I have two (knife)2. There are many here. (box)3. There are many on the road. (bus)4. A few are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The are playing football now. (child)6. Please take two for me. (photo)7. I like the red .(tomato)8. Would
9、 you please clean your now? (tooth)9. Do you want some ? (milk)10.I help my mother wash (dish) in the kitchen.11.I have two (pencil-box).12.There are some (bus)in the street. 13.Peter has eight (foot).14. Linda has three (tooth).15. There are some16. My uncle and father are(child) in the garden. (ma
10、n).17. Tom and King are (boy)名词所有格在英语中有三个格，即主格，宾格，和所有格。其中主格和宾格的形式就是原形。而所有格形式上的特殊变化。一、名词所有格的概念：表示名词的所有关系二、名词所有格的构成：“s ”、“ 所”有格的用法(1) 一般情况 (包括单数名词和不带词尾s 的复数名词 )加 -：s childrens boo儿ks童图书(2) 带词尾 s 的复数名词只加省字撇( ：) girls scho女ol子学校注：带词尾 s 的单数名词，通常仍加 s： the boss s pl老an板的计划(3) 带词尾 s 的人名，可加 s或只加省字撇 ( ：)Dicke
11、ns novel狄s 更斯的小说Charles s jo查b 理斯的工作(4) 表示两者共同拥有的人或物（共有）时，只需要后一个名词加s（或 ）即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系（各自所有） ，则每个名词词尾都加上s（或）。例如：Tom s and Jim s ro汤om姆s和吉姆 (各自)的房间 Tom and Jim s room汤s姆和吉姆 (共同)的房间注意： -s所有格主要用于有生命的东西，但有时也可用于无生命的东西，这主要见于：(1) 用于表时间的名词后：tomorrows weathe明r 天的天气(2) 用于表国家、城市的名词后：Americas policy美国的政策 the
12、citys populat这ion个城市的人口(3) 用于某些集合名词后：the government s poli政cy府的政策(4) 用于组织机构后：the stations wa-ritoinogm 车站候车室the newspaper s editorial polic这y家报纸的编辑方针(5) 用于度量衡及价值名词后：a mile s distance英1里的距离twenty dollars value美2元0三、of 所有格的用法的价值1. of 所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。The door of the room2. 修饰词较多时也可用of 所有格。例如：the very
13、 long and graceful tail of the black cat .四、s 所有格所修饰的词的省略现象（1） ）表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词，其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如：I met her at the doctors（）（2） ）名词所有格所修饰的词， 如果前面已经提到过， 往往可以省略，以免重复。例如： Whose pen is this？ Its Toms五、 双重所有格及其用法s 所有格和 of 所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成of 所有格 形式，即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在意义上与one of 相似。a picture
14、 of Xiao Zhang a picture of Xiao Zhangs练习一选择填空：1-How s Joy s skirt?-Her skirt is more beautiful than .A.her sister s and KBa.hteer sister and KateC.her sister and KateD.hesr sister s and Kates2. This is room. The twin sisters like it very much.A.Lucy s and LilyB.Lsucy s and Lily C.Lucy and Lilys3. D
15、id you hear the report?A. policemenB. policemenCs. policemensD. policemens 4It s about walk from moymhe.A. ten minuteB. ten minutesC. ten minuteDs. ten minutes 5This is my dress. That one is .A. MaryB. Mary s C. sisterD. mother6. Where is sweater ? I can t see it.A. LucyB. LucysC. Lucy s7. mothers m
16、ade them have piano lessons.A. Peter and AnneB. Peter s and AnneC.Pester s and AnneD. Peter and Annes8. The room on the right is .A. herB. sheC. Lucy sD. Lucy9. The market isn t far from hereo. nItly sbicycle ride.A. half an hoursB. half an hourC. shalf an hourD. an hour and a half二翻译。1. 李( 明的父母 )wo
17、rkin a big hospital.2. This is 我( 妹妹的语文书 )3. 双( 胞胎的卧室 ) are very nice.4. 王( 平和王明的父亲 ) is a hotel manager.5 They are (Pete和rSam的老师 ).6. 教( 师节) is on September 10th .7. 学( 生们的桌椅 ) are very new.8. We are very happy on 儿(童节 ).9. He is in 老(师的办公室 ) now.10. Please open 教(室的门 ).三、单选题1. Today is September 1
18、0th. Its Day.A. Teacher B. TeachersC. Teache rs D. Teacher2. Its June 1st, its Day.A. Childrens B. ChildrensC. Childrens D. Childrenss3. This year, is on May 9th.A. My mothers brithdayB. My mothers brithdayC. My mothers brithdayD. My motherss birthday4. Where is Mr. Zhang? He is in the .A. teachers
19、reading roomB. teachers reading roomC. teacher reading roomD. teachers reading room5. This is .A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bikeC. Mikes and Jims bikeD. Mike and Jim bike6. These are books. Li Lin bought some at the Sun Bookstore and Jill bought some at the Blue Sky B ookstore.A. Li Lins an
20、d JillB. Li Lin and JillsC. Li Lins and JillD. Li Lins and Jills数词一、 基数词 ： 表示数目的词称为基数词。1. 从 1 10 one，two，three，four， five，six，seven，eight，nine， ten2. 从 11 19 eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen 这里除 eleven， twelve， thirteen， fifteen， eighteen为特殊形式外， fourt
21、een，sixteen，seventeen，nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀 -teen 构成。3. 从 21 99 整数几十中除 twenty， thirty, forty ，fifty ， eighty 为特殊形式外， sixty，seventy，ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty 构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six4、百位数、个数基数词形式加“ hundred，”表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and101a hundred and one320three hundred and tw
22、enty648six hundred and forty-eight5、千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号 “，”。从右开始，第一个 “，”前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个 “， ”前面的数字后添加 million ，第三个 “，”前的数字后添加 billion 。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four6、基数词在表示确切的
23、数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds of people in the hall大厅里有数以百计的人。Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every d ay 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马俑博物馆。有时两个复数形式的基数词连用可写为：hundreds of thousands of , tens of hu
24、ndreds o等f 等。They went to the theatre in twos and threes 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。7、表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties他三十多岁时成为了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties 她四十来岁时死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s 那是在二十世纪六十年代二、序数词下面把 1 99 的序数词也分为四个类。1、第一类first (1st) 第一second (2nd) 第 二 third (3rd) 第 三（在
25、括号里的是缩写形式，均在阿拉伯数字后面加上相应序数词的最后两个字母构成，以下各类与此相同。）这类序数词只有三个，在整个序数词里面是特殊的，就和第一类基数词一样，需要逐个地硬记下来。2、第二类：fourth (4th)第四fifth (5th)第五sixth (6th)第六seventh (7th) 第七eighth (8th) 第 八ninth (9th)第 九tenth (10th) 第十eleventh (11th) 第十一twelfth (12th)第十二thirteenth (13th) 第十三fourteenth (14th) 第十四fifteenth (15th)第十五sixtee
26、nth (16th) 第十六seventeenth (17th) 第十七eighteenth (18th) 第十八nineteenth (19th) 第十九这一类序数词共有十六个。均在相应的基数词后面加上后缀th 构成。要注意其中fifth 、eighth、ninth、twelth 四个词的拼法。这一类全是十位整数的序数词，共八个。它们的构成方法是：先将相应的十位整数的基数词词尾 ty 中的 y 改成 i，然后在加上后缀 eth。4、第四类：thirty-first (31th)第三十一sixty-second (62nd) 第六十二eighty-seventh (87th) 第八十七nine
27、ty-eighth (98th) 第九十八这类表示 “第几十几 ”的序数词，跟表示 “几十几 ”的基数词一样简单。在构成方法上均由基数词“几十几 ”变化而来，十位数不变，仅把个位上的基数词变成序数词就行了。口诀：基变续，有规律，词尾加上th;一二三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third);八减 t(eighth), 九去 e (ninth)，f 来把 ve 替(five-fifth,twelve-twelfth);单词 ty 作结尾， ty 变成 tie(twenty-twentieth);若是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以(twenty-onetwenty-first
28、).序数词表顺序，一般需用定冠词。数词专项练习一英汉互译第六课 20 个鸡蛋 6 月 2 日 on March 20,2004 at half past seven No. 5 Primary School 6：40 fourtimes 三张纸 一千万 96 把椅子 二、写出下列序数词。1. 第十二 2. 第六十九 3. 第二十五 4. 第 210 5. 第二十四 6. 第三十 7. 第五十七 8. 第四 三、选择题1. We are going to learn this term.A. book sixB.six book C.the book sixD. BookSix2. He was
29、 doing some washing .A. at eight yesterday morning B.yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morningat eight D.by eight yesterday morning3. Jenny was born (出生) .A.on July 10, 1987 B. inJuly 10, 1987 C. in1987, July 10 D.on 19874. Autumnis season ina year.7A. the fourthB. the thirdC. a thirdD.the threeth
30、5. There are days ina year.A. three hundreds sixty-fiveB. three hundreds and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty-fiveD. three hundred and sixtyfive6. There are students inthis school.A. eight hundreds and forty-sixB. eight hundred and forty-sixC. eight hundred and forty-sixD.eight hundred forty-six
31、7. Every year watch NBAon TV.A. millionpeople B. millionsof people C. millionspeopleD. millionofpeople8. Look!There are in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand ofstarsC. thousands ofstars D.thousands of star9. Mybrother is in .A. Three Class, One Grade B.Class Three, Grade OneC. Grade One, Class Th
32、ree D.class three, grade one10. Please turn to . Let rsead the text aloud.A. Page TwoB. the page two C.second page D.page second四、根据句意和有关常识，用英文数词填空。1. Fifty-oneplus thirty-eightis .2. There are days in a week（星期）。3. Wis letter inthe alphabet(字母表 ).4. There are minoritynationalities（少数民族）China. 5.Hon
33、g Kong returned（回） to the motherland on .6. Howmuch is thirtydivided by（除以） five? 7. The OlympicGames are held（举行） every years.代词人称代词：人称代词是表示 “我”“你”他“”她“”“它”我“们”你“们”“他们”它“们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见表：单数复数主格宾格主格宾格Iyoumeyouweyouusyou人称第一人称第二人称第三人称HehimShehertheythem8Itit1、两个或两个以上的人称代词并列作主语时，排列顺序为：单数人称二、三、一，
34、 复数人称一、二、三。例如： You ,she and I are good friends.我，你和她都是好朋友。We,you and they all like music我.们，你们和他们都喜欢音乐。2、当叙述的是不好的事情，或为做错的时道歉时，通常把第一人称放在最前面。如： I，you and she made the teacher angry. Lets do it again.你、我和她让老师生气了，我们重新做吧物主代词定义：物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也就是指某物或者某人属于谁的关系，又可叫做代词所有格及属格。数单数复数人第第第第第第称一二三一二三类人人人人人人别称称称称称称
35、形容词性myyourhisher物主代词名词性物hersitsouryourtheir主代mineyourshis词itsoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词 (my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+ 名词（用于修饰名词）名词性物主代词 (mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。即： 名词性物主代词 =形容词性物主代词 +名词如： Is this your book?No,，it isn，tit s hers(her book)(Jim s， Toms， Maria s )人称代词物主代词练习题一、
36、用适当的人称代词填空：1. is my aunt. We often visit . ( she )2. China is a developing country. is in the east of Asia. ( its )3. What day is today? is Thursday. (its)5. I own a blue bike. The red oneisn t. ( I )6. These new houses are so nice. are very expensive.( them ) 7. The fishermen caug ht a lot of fish,
37、 didn t? ( them )8. Ling Ling is a girl. studies in a primary school. brother lives with helps with lessons. ( she )9. Mike is my classmate. is good at Engliush . ( his )10. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ? ( she )11. Whatsthe weather like today ? is cloudy. ( its )二、 从括号内选择正确的代词填空1
38、. Your football clothes are on the desk.andPlease put (the，y them，their，theirs) away.1. (We，Us，Our，Ours) English teacher is Mrs. Green.9We all like (she，her，hers).2. (I， Me， My ，Mine) cangtet my kite. Could you help (I，me，my ，mine)?4. Tom cangtet down from the tree.Can you help (he， him，his)?5. Weca
39、nftind our bikes.Can you help (we， us，our，ours)?6. These are (h，e him，his) planes.The white ones are (，I三、选择填空me，mine).1. Whossinging over there ? isSandyssister. A. ThatB. ItC. SheD. This2. will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.A. She, you and IB. You, she and IC. I, you and sheD. Her, me an d yo
40、u3. Between you and , he is not a real friend.A. meB. IC. h eD. his4. My uncle bought a new bike for .A. theirsB. theyC. meD. I 1herhers2them3youyour4your5them6him7his 8itmeyou9hehishim10hershe11her12ourour13they14your 1yourours2mine3them 4my5her6theirtheirsours 1sheher2we3they4mine5her6them7yourmin
41、e 1B2D3A 4C6B8D9B10C第一组： over, above和 on 的用法1） over 指在的正上方，表示垂直在上2) above指在上方，属于斜上方3) on 指在上面，表示两物体接触1) The moon rose the hill.2) There is a bridge the river.3) There is a book the desk.方位介词方位介词第二组： under / below 的用法：1) under 在下面/正下方2) below 在, 斜下方() 1 The boat is passing the bridge.A. throughB. bel
42、owC. underD. across () 2 Two planes are flying the city.A. throughB. over ,C. on ,D, below() 3 We can see a river running to the east the hill.A. underB. belowC. overD. on第三组： in 和 on 表示“在, 上”1、门一类 镶嵌在墙里的，用in字画一类 挂在墙面上的，用on() 1 He put up a map the back wall because there was a hole it.A. on; on B.at
43、; in C. on; in D. on; at () 2 There is a door the wall.10A. on B. toC. of D.in() 3 Any man eyes his head can see that hes exactly like a rope.A. with; onB. with; inC. on; with D. in; with2、鸟一类落在树上的，用in； 苹果一类长在树上的，用on() 1 There are some birds singing the trees.A. inB. onC. atD. from() 2 There are so many apples that tree.A. inB, onC. atD. from第四组： in /on/ to 表示“接壤”in(范围内 )； on(范围外且接壤 )；to(范围外但不接壤 )。可表示为下图的位置关系eg.1)Taiwan