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1、常见习惯用语精讲例析（一） 知识概要 由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊
2、源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。 （二） 正误辨析 误 - What can I do for you?- Yes， please help me 正 - What can I do for you?- Id like to buy a sweater 析 What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。 误 - Which colour do you like?- Sorry， I dont like 正 - Whic
3、h colour do you like?- I prefer blue 析 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it 误 Do you like to come with us tonight? 正 Would you like to come with us tonight? 析 Do you like 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种： Sha
4、ll we go? 我们走吧! Lets go? 让我们走吧! How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何? What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何? Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢? 其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， O All right， With pleasure 误 Sorry， Ive kept you waitingNot at all 正 Sorry， Ive kept you waitingNever mind 析 介意不介意这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如： - Do you mind
5、 my smoking here? - Yes， do it please No， of course not Yes， take it please No， you cant take it这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：Do you mind if I open the door? Would you mind mailing the letter for me 其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all而不同意时应为 Yes
6、， 或 Im sorry 误 Whats that man?He is Mike 正 Whats that man?He is a teacher 正 Whos that man?He is Mike (He is Mikes father) 析 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。 误 - How much are they?- Half a kilo， please 正 - How many bananas do you want?- Half a kilo Please 析 How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。 误 Im so
7、rry， but is this the way to the park? 正 Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? 析 Im sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。 误 - Have a good time tonight!- You are the same 正 - Have a good time tonight!- The same to you 析 The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。 误 - Whats the pro
8、blem?- Ive got a headache 正 Whats wrong with you?Ive got a headache 析 Whats wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 Whats the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。 误 - Now， Im back Can I play?- Perhaps Youd better do your homework first 正 - Now， Im back Can I play?- Im afraid not Youd better do your homework first 析 Perhaps 是
9、表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps而 Im afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有： Im afraid that you are right 其后直接加宾语从句。 - Will you come to my birthday party? - Im afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital 其后not，表示否定。 - Sorry， I dont want to go there alone， Im afraid of the dog 其
10、后名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。 Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam 其后 of 动名词，表示害怕做某事。 Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didnt do well in the exam 其后 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。 误 - How soon will you be ready?- Two days 正 - How soon will you be ready?- In two days 析 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就
11、应问什么。 How soon 问的是还有多久才能作完，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。 误 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- I dont mind- Monday and Tuesday of next week 正 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- When exactly- Monday and Tuesday of next week 析 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选
12、错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I dont mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。 误 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be Who are you? 正 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you
13、 pick it up The first word you say will probably be Hello? This is Tom speaking? 析 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问Whos that(speaking)?但不要讲Who are you?如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲This is speaking而不要讲Im 也不要讲My name is 就语法而论，Who are you? Im My name is 并不错，也是英语中可用的句
14、子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。 误 - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I dont hope so 正 - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I hope not 析 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I dont think so 但I dont believe so 和 I dont hope so 则意为：我不信此事和
15、我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为：我想可能不会发生吧! 误 - Is anybody there?- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 正 - Is everybody there?- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 析 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗?所以
16、首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 误 - Your handwriting is very good!- No， my handwriting is very poor 正 - Your handwriting is very good!- Thank you 析 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则
17、认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。 误 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： Excuse me Ill go first 正 When you have had dinner with an American friend and w
18、ant to leave you may say： Excuse me I have to go 析 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 Ill go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。 误 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to， and Im too busy 正 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to， but Im
19、 too busy 析 Im too busy 与 Id like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。 误 - Wheres Deter?- Deter will come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet 正 - Wheres Deter?- Deter may come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet 析 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 ma
20、y 来表达一个不肯定的事件。 误 - Hi， havent seen you for ages! You look fine!- Great You look well too 正 - Hi， havent seen you for ages! You look fine!- Thanks You look well too 析 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。 所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。 （三）
21、例题解析 1 - Would you like to have some rice?- A Yes， I like B Yes， please C of course D Yes， I have 答案 B. 析 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 Yes， please 如不想接受则用No， thanks 2 - Nice to see you- A Good morning B Happy to meet you， too C Nice to see you， too D Pleased to meet you， too 答案 C. 析 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的
22、答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。 3 - Would you please give me some water?- A Yes， I would B Certainly C No， thanks D Yes， please 答案 B. 析 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please 为是的，您请做某事吧。这一含意显然不对。 4 - Thank you very much for helping me- A Youre welcome B It doesnt matter C No need D Dont say that
23、答案 A. 析 Youre welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 It doesnt matter 则为：没关系。 5 - Hello， Lucy How are you?- And you?A Fine， thanks B Yes， I am C Glad to meet you D Good afternoon 答案 A. 析 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为很好，谢谢! 6 - Help yourself to some meat- A It sounds nice B Yes， please C Yes， Lets help each o
24、ther D Thank you 答案 D. 析 Help yourself to some meat 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。 7 - Oh， I am not feeling well Ive got a cold- A Fine， How are you? B Never mind Take care C Well， I m sure to get weel soon D Im sorry to hear that 答案 D. 析 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。 8 - Meimei you speak English ver
25、y well- A No， I dont think so B Thank you very muchC Not good enough D Thats all right 答案 B. 9 - Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?- , Mum Ill get itA Yes， I could B No， thanks C OK D Yes， but I have no time 答案 C. 析 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。 10 - Cou
26、ld you look after Polly for me while were away?- A No， thanks B With pleasure C Im not afraid D Im sure you will 答案 B. 析 With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。 11 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please?- A Hold on， please B Thats the headmaster， please C Who ar
27、e you ? please D Sorry Im not the headmaster 答案 A. 析 hold on， please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。 12 - Happy birthday!- A Thank you B The same to you C Good luck D Congratulations 答案 A. 析 the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。 13 - Im sorry
28、I dont know the way， either Youd better ask that policeman for help - A Good night B Thats nothing C Very well D Thank you all the same 答案 D. 析 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。 14 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I cant do anything- A Im sorry B Dont worry C Good lu
29、ck D Bad luck 答案 D. 析 如果用A则要用 Im sorry to hear that而不能单用 Im sorry 因Im sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。 15 - - I have got a coughA Whats your trouble? B What have you got? C Why did you come here? D Have you got a cough? 答案 A. 析 Whats your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 Whats wrong with you? 16
30、- Would you like to go shopping with me?- A Yes， Id love to B Thats right C Yes， please D Quite well 答案 A. 析 表示愿意作某事应讲：Id love to Id like to 17 - Whats the weather like today!- A Its nice for a walk B I like autumn best of allC It will be fine tomorrow D Its rather cold today 答案 D. 析 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问
31、非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D18 - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her- Sorry， she is out Youd better A visit her in the office B call her later C see her this afternoon D speak to her yourself 答案 B. 析 call her later 晚些时候再来电话。 19 - - Very well， thank you， and you?A How do you do? B Good morning C How
32、 are you these days? D How do you like English? 答案 C. 析 本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do? 20 - How is your mother?- A She is old B She is no better than she was C She is kindhearted D She is in her forties 答案 B. 析 How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是她不比以前强。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。
33、 21 - Thank you very much for your help- A Youre welcome B Please dont C Theres no trouble D No， no 答案 A. 22 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema Afterwards you thank him He says A It was nothing B Im glad you enjoyed it C Dont say it D No， neednt 答案 B. 析 这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。 23 - Thank you
34、for your good present- A Its not good B No， no C My pleasure D Never mind 答案 C. 24 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say A.you are too good B.Its very kind of you C.you are very kind D.Ill thank you答案 B. 25 - I am very sorry I am late for dinner - A.No， you arent B.Thats all right C.Y
35、es， you are D.No， you dont答案 B. 析 Thats all right 没关系。 26 - Im sorry if I hurt you- A Im sorry B Its not true C It doesnt matter D Dont say sorry 答案 C. 27 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you - A Im sorry B What a pity C It doesnt matter to me D Thats terrible答案 B. 析 What a pity. 真遗憾。
36、第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。 28 - Help yourself to some fish- A You are very kind B Yes， Im helping myself C Thank you D Yes， dont worry about me答案 C. 29 - Are you ready?-_ A Im very sorry B Try to be patient C Not yet， wait a minute D Do you have the time， please?答案 C. 析 not yet 意为还没有完成。 30 - Mum， I have pass
37、ed the exam- A Thats all right B Congratulations C You are luck D Good luck to you答案 B. 31 - I think I have to leave I hope we can get together again- A All right B Thats all right C OK D I hope so， too答案 D. 32 Must I wait till he comes back? A No， you neednt B No， you mustnt C No， you may not D No，
38、 you cant答案 A. 析 must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 neednt 表示没有必要做。 33 - I pay you the house rent right away?- Yes， you have to do itA Shall B Way C Must D Have答案 C. 34 - Dont you think this colour is too bright? - A Yes， I agree B Yes， but I dont think so C Yes， of course not D Yes， whats w
39、rong?答案 A. 35 - It was cold yesterday- A So was it B So it was C I believe not so D I believe not答案 B. 析 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如： I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。 36 - What do you think of the song?- A I like music very much B I li
40、ke it too C With pleasure D It sounds sweet答案 D. 析 sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。 37 Do you like tea or coffee? A Yes， I do B Thank you C Thats fine D Either will do答案 D. 析 either will do 为两者哪个都可以。 38 I like your sweater very much A No， its ugly B Sorry C Thank you D Youre welcome答案 C. 析
41、这是英美语言的习惯。 39 He likes travelling by train A So do I B I dos C I like so D I like it， neither答案 A. 40 - How do you like your school?- A I like it very much B Its very beautifulC I doesnt like it D Very well答案 B. 析 How do you like 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。 41 What a nice day! A Youre right B No，
42、 isnt it? C Yes， isnt it? D Really?答案 C. 析 Yes， isnt it 是的，难道不是个好天气吗? 42 - Hello， ?- This is Della speakingA Who are you B Are you Tom C Who is that D Please tell me who are you答案 C. 析 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。 43 -Whats he like? - A He likes English B He is old C He is like a farmer D He is tall and this答案 D. 析 要区分 Whats he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。 44 How did you do your job? Not very well， A Im sure B I am afraid C Thank you