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1、2013年高考第二轮复习英语湖北版 专题整合突破六、情态动词和虚拟语气真题试做1(2012武汉五月模拟)If I had a pair of unseen wings,I _ as Spaceship Tiangong1 in space.(fly)如果我有一双隐形的翅膀,我就能像天宫一号一样在太空自由翱翔。2(2012武汉四次统考)You are such a lover of iPhones,so I believe that _ Steve Jobsdeath.(mourn)你如此地喜欢iPhones,我相信对斯蒂夫乔布斯的去世,你一定很难过。3(2012福建高考,31)We lost
2、our way in that small village,otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.Avisited Bhad visitedCwould visit Dwould have visited4(2012北京高考,33)We _ the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?Ashould face Bmight face Ccould have faced Dmust have faced考向分析针对近几年高考试题对于情态动词和虚拟语气的考查,复习备考时应注意以下五个
3、方面:1掌握情态动词的基本意义和用法,把握情态动词的语法特征和语意特征,区别意义相近、用法类似的情态动词。2掌握情态动词表示推测的用法,以及“情态动词have done”结构的用法。3掌握虚拟语气在条件句中的用法,特别注意隐含的虚拟条件和错综时间条件句。虚拟语气句子中动词的使用形式一定要把握准确。4掌握虚拟语气在一些固定句型中的用法。5注意情态动词、虚拟语气同其他语法项目的综合考查。热点例析一、情态动词用来表示推测的用法1肯定句中用must(一定;很可能),may(可能),might/could(也许;或许)。其语气的肯定程度按以下顺序逐级递减,即must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)migh
4、t/could(可能性较小)。might和could并非过去时态,只是语气较为委婉或可能性较小。(1)表示对当前行为、情况或状态的推测,用must/may/might/coulddo/be句型。(2)表示对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测,用must/may/might/couldbe doing句型。(3)表示对过去发生的事情的推测,用must/may/might/couldhave done/been句型。2否定句中用can/could not(想必不会;不可能)或may/might not(可能不)表示否定推测。3疑问句中用can/could 表示“可能吗?会是样吗?”二、“情态动词have
5、 done”结构must have done 过去一定做过/发生过cant/couldnt have done过去不可能做过/发生过should/ought to have done本该做,而实际上未做shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不该做,而实际上做了could have done本来能做,而实际上未做neednt have done本不必做,而实际上做了may/might have done过去可能做过/发生过三、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用1时态及其构成:if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/wo
6、uld/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示未来情况should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形动词过去式were to动词原形针对训练:If _,we should not have missed the train.(start)如果我们早一点出发,我们就不会错过火车了。参考答案:we had started earlier2If引导的条件句中含有should,had,were时,可以将if省略而将should,had,were移到主语之前。针对训练:Its a pity
7、 that he failed the exam.Had _ his handwriting,he would have done better.(concentrate)他没能通过考试真是太可惜了,如果他多注意一下他的书写,他就会做得更好。参考答案:he concentrated more on3错综时间虚拟句:通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。如:If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning,I would not be wet now.
8、(从句指过去,主句指现在)如果今天早上带上雨衣的话,我现在就不会淋湿了。4含蓄条件句:without,with,but for,but,otherwise,or等。针对训练:(2011天津高考,15)I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.Ahad come Bwas comingCwould come Dwould have come答案:D解析:句意:我不知道他们一直在等我,要不然我肯定会快点来。由句意可知这里是对过去情况的虚拟,故D项正确。四、虚拟语气在一些固定句型中的运用1在wish后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气,
9、从句谓语向前推一个时态。在it is wished that后的主语从句以及名词wish后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,谓语的形式同wish后面宾语从句的形式。2在insist/suggest(建议)/propose/order/demand/require/request等后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,从句谓语用(should)do的形式。针对训练:Representatives attending Copenhagen Conference recommended that _ to reduce carbon emission.(take)出席哥本哈根会议的代表们建议采取严厉措
10、施来减少碳排放。参考答案:strict measures should be taken在it is suggested/proposed that引导的主语从句以及名词insistence/suggestion/proposal/order/demand等后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,谓语的形式同这些名词相应的动词后面宾语从句的形式。3在it is necessary/important/possible/strange/no wonder/a pity/a shame等后面的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语用(should) do的形式。4在it is time that后面的定
11、语从句中用虚拟语气,谓语用过去式或(should)do的形式。5在as if/as though/in order that/so that/for fear that/in case/would rather后面的从句中也常用虚拟语气。6在由for fear that,in case,lest等引导的状语从句中,用“(should)动词原形”表示“唯恐”。如:He handed the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.他小心地拿着仪器,唯恐把它摔坏了。误区警示1情态动词基本用法易错点(2012全国高考,17)Im
12、 going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.Acan Bmight Cwould Dneed【错混透析】 A can“能够”;might“可能”;would“愿意”;need“需要”。根据语境判断,应选A项。句意:如果我能找到那笔钱,我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。【解题指导】 对于考查情态动词基本用法的题目,首先要掌握各选项的基本意义和用法,其次要注意结合情景特征,体会说话者的语气和态度,不要放过任何细节,利用有效信息,作出最佳选择。2情态动词表推测易错点Mike _ the room now,I s
13、aw him playing basketball on the playground a moment ago.(clean)迈克现在肯定不在打扫房间,我刚才还看见他在操场上打篮球。参考答案:cant be cleaning【错混透析】 考生做这道题目最常见的错误答案是:mustnt be cleaning,因为“must be doing”表“现在一定正在做”;故“现在一定没在做”就容易误用“mustnt be doing”;却不知mustnt表“绝对禁止”,表“现在一定没做”的推测常用“cant be doing”。故答案为:cant be cleaning。【解题指导】 遇到考查情态动
14、词表示推测的题目,可通过三步作出判断。首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句,肯定句中一般用must/may/might,否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could;然后看是对什么时间的推测,表示对现在的推测用“情态动词do”,表对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测用“情态动词be doing”,表示对过去的推测用“情态动词have done”;最后看句子语气的肯定程度,must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)might/could(可能性较小)。3“情态动词have done”结构的易错点We _ so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.
15、(buy)既然苏西不与我们一起吃饭,我们原本不必买那么多食物。答案:neednt have bought【错混透析】 neednt have done表示“本没有必要做却做了”。【解题指导】 “情态动词have done”结构是高考中经常考查的内容。要分清不同的情态动词所构成的结构表达不同的含义。4隐含虚拟条件中虚拟语气的易错点I _ that bitter period without your generous help.(go)如果没有你们的慷慨相助,我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。答案:couldnt have gone through【错混透析】 由句意可知真实情况是“在你们的慷慨帮助下
16、,我度过了那段艰辛岁月”。without.表示该句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,用would/could/should/mighthave done。【解题指导】 虚拟语气的题目有时并不出现if条件句,而是通过without/but for/or/otherwise等介词或连词暗示虚拟的语境,这时一定要准确判断时间。5固定句型中虚拟语气的易错点(2012北京高考,35)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dhad been【错混透析】 Bas if/though引导的从句所表达的内容如果与事实相反,则从
17、句需要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时,谓语用一般过去式(did/were)。与过去事实相反时,谓语用过去完成式(had done)。题干中表与现在事实相反,故选B项。【解题指导】 要想做好固定句型中虚拟语气的题目,既要熟记这些句型,又要记住不同的句型中虚拟语气的表达方式,即谓语用什么形式。1If I were you,I _ at once,because it is a waste of money and harmful to health.(stop)如果我是你,我会立刻戒烟,因为吸烟不仅浪费钱,也对健康有害。2Had I taken my umbrella with me when I
18、came out this morning,I _ now.(wet)今天早上出去的时候要是随身带着雨伞,我现在就不会淋湿了。3If he had not failed in the college entrance examination twice,he _ without saying a word.(leave)如果不是两次高考落榜,他不会什么也没说就离家出走的。4If we _,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.(take)如果我们走另一条路,我们也许会及时到达参加会议。5He put forward his sug
19、gestion at the meeting that every means _ to save the crops before the storm came.(try)在会议上他提出了一项建议,认为在暴风雨来临之前每一种拯救庄稼的方法都应该尝试。6Its been thirty years since I left my hometown.Great changes _ there.(take)我离开家乡已经30年了,那儿一定发生了巨大的变化。7Its high time that we students _ at our lessons as the final examination
20、 is drawing near.(work)期末考试临近,是我们更加努力的时候了。8How we wish that we _ those people who have been buried in the ruins for 76 hours!(rescue)我们多希望能救出那些已在废墟中埋了76个小时的人!9I was really very busy that day;otherwise,I _the party.(go)那天我真的很忙,要不然我就去参加聚会了。10If it should rain tomorrow,we _ the football match.(cancel)如
21、果明天下雨,我们就不得不取消足球比赛。11Tom _ football now.I saw him waiting for the bus just a moment ago.(play)汤姆现在肯定不在踢足球,就在刚才我还看见他在等公共汽车。12The director of the laboratory demanded that the report _ after it was finished.(give)这个实验室的主管要求在报告完成后立即交给他。13Mr.Blank had known the truth of the car accident before you told h
22、im,so you _ about it.(tell)在你告诉布兰克先生之前,他已经知道了汽车事故的真相了,因此你本没有必要告诉他。14We _ the task on time,but the traffic delay destroyed all our plan.(complete)我们本来可以按时完成任务,但是交通延误破坏了我们所有的计划。15(2012湖北孝感汉川一中二月调研)The manager insisted that _ the companies who had done something that hurt our feelings.(break)经理坚持要求我们与那
23、些做了伤害了我们感情的事情的公司决裂。16(2012湖北荆门钟祥一中五月适应)Part of the reason why he is absent is,I think,that he _ the meeting.(inform)我想他缺席会议的部分原因是他可能没被通知。17If only she _ and planned better,then she wouldnt have been feeling so worried.(look)如果她往前看并计划的好一些,她就不会感到这么担心了。18If the rules of perspective had not been discove
24、red,people _ paint such realistic pictures.(able)如果没有发现透视法,人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。19(2012湖北襄阳三月调研)The old mans evidence cant be acceptedhe _ anyone enter the victims room that day,because he is blind.(see)那位老人的证词不能采信,他那天不可能看到有人进入受害者的房间,因为他是盲人。20(2012武汉四月调研)To our anger,the restroom in that park charged us t
25、ourists,but we _ it.(access)让我们愤怒的是,那个公园的厕所收了我们游客的费,但我们本应该有权免费使用的。参考答案六、情态动词和虚拟语气命题调研明晰考向真题试做1could fly as freely2you must have mourned over/for3D考查虚拟语气。由句子中的“我们在那个小村庄里迷了路”与otherwise可想到本题考查对过去事情的虚拟语气;otherwise等于if we hadnt lost our way in that small village,因此其主句应用“would have done”的形式,故答案为D项。4C考查情态动
26、词。句意:我们本可以一起面对困难的,但是你为什么不告诉我?could have done sth. “本可以做某事”;should do sth. “应该做某事”;might do sth. “可能做某事”;must have done sth. “一定做过某事”。表推测根据句意可知选C项。创新模拟预测演练1would stop smoking2should not be wet3wouldnt have left home4had taken the other way/road5(should)be tried6must have taken place7worked harder或sho
27、uld work harder8could rescue9would have gone to10would have to cancel 11cant be playing12(should) be given to him immediately13neednt have told him14could have completed15we(should) break away from16may/might mot have been informed of 17had looked ahead18would not have been able to19couldnt/cant have seen20should have had free access to- 6 -