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1、靓丽语言,表达细节魅力彭文国【问题导读】读后续写的根本是讲述故事。故事的讲述需要设定主题,需要有 好的情节来表达主题。而要有效地传达主旨,完美地表达情节,最终 还是要落实语言的运用。没有贴切的、富有情感的语言,就不能有效 地表达情节。从中国学生的英语学习情况来看,读懂原文并根据作者 的主题思想设置情节都没有很大的问题。我们最大的问题在于词汇量 匮乏,不能很好地表达自己的思想。那么,什么样的语言是有效的语 言呢?我们如何才能掌握有效的语言呢?【名师导学】1 .续写的用词要和原文保持一致,包括词汇的风格、色彩、语气、 结构等。因此,我们在续写时要对原文有深刻的理解和感受。高考试 题的原文大都来自外
2、刊,但是都经过特别的改编,适用于中国的高中 生。具体来说,其用词一般都是在3, 500个单词之内。因此,我们 续写的用词都要在这个范围之内。不过分追求“高大上”的生涩单词, 以免和原文脱节。因此,在平时的学习和练习中,我们对原文要特别重视。在动手 续写之前,我们要对原文的用词有深刻的理解。最好对原文的用词进 行归纳汇总,如,心理描写、动作描写等。这样我们就会对原文有更 清晰的认识。2 .积累丰富的词汇素材。只有掌握了丰富的词汇,我们才能在写 作中游刃有余,才能充分表达原文中作者设定的思想情感和主旨。语 言是很感性的,读的文章多了,我们就自然会产生“书卷气”,就有 了表达的自信。我们也可以主动地
3、去系统性地形成自己的词汇库。我们可以有意 识地去建立一个比拟清晰的词汇网络。如,描述心理的词汇,包括开 心、生气、激动、紧张等情绪的表达。再如,表示动作的词汇,包括 各种各样的说、各种各样的走、各种各样的看,等等。有了丰富的词 汇积累,我们在表达时就会更沉着,表达也会更贴切。3 .写作用词要恰当、顺畅、达义。不要刻意追求用词的“生冷”, 更不要根据某部词典的汉语释义而轻易地用词。我们的用词要符合语 境,符合原文用词的色彩。【案例导引】阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故 事。Acoupleofmonthsbeforelstartedhighschool,myparentsg
4、avemethegreatestgiftanyteenageboycouldaskfor:acellphone.11ivedonthatcellphoneallsummerwithmyfaceburiedin itsscreen.Itextedeveryfriendwhowasluckyenoughtohaveacellpho ne. lignoredmyfamilyandmysurroundings. Beingconnectedwasmorei mportantthanbeingpresent.Soyoucanimaginemydispleasurewhenllearnedwhatmyda
5、dhadpl annedforourfami1yvacationthatyear. Thisyear , “ mydadsaid , uwellbedoingsomethingspecial. Weregoingcamping ! ” Hisexcit ementmetwithadisappointedsigh. Itwasntmydreamvacation,andlremainedunbotheredthroughoutthepackingandplanning. Mymin dwasonmycelIphone. Iwassoburiedinthescreen , infact , that
6、thefirsttimelcouldremembertrulylookingupwaswhenwedrovea crossabridgeonthewaytoourcampsite.Istaredoutthewindowandsawredwoodstoweringaboveus,theirbranchesthreateningtopierce (刺 破) thebluesky. Isawaroaringriver,withsliversofsilkyblackwaterappearingbetweencrashingwhitera pids. Theairblowingintothecarfro
7、mtheopenwindowswashotandsmel l?edofpine. Butnoneofthatmatteredtome. Thereasonwhylhadlooked upwasforsomethingfarmoreserious:mycellphonenolongerhadservice.Thelasthourofthedrivewasincreasinglytense. Mydadannounc edthathehadchosenacampsitethathadnocellphoneservice , andthatmycellphonewouldbeuselessuntil
8、wereturnedhome. Iwould betrappedintheforestforfourdayswithnowaytocontacttheoutsid eworld!Iwentthroughthefullcycleofteenageemotionsduringthefirstdayo fthetrip. Iraged (发怒). Ibargained. Ibegged. Iflip?flopped (转 变)fromadepressivestatetoanger.Iwenttobedangrilythatnight. Butwhenlawokeinthemorning , some
9、thinghadchanged.注意:1 .所续写短文的词数应为150左右;.续写局部分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph1:InsteadofburyingmyselfinmycellphoneIfocusedonsomethingelse: mysurroundings.Paragraph2:Thefollowingdayspassedinaflashwithmanyfunactivities.一、原文故事的基本要素_ 基 本 要 素who myfather,Iwhendur i ngacampvacat i onwhatIwasaddictedtomycellpho ne
10、andignoredmyfamilyandsurroundings.二、原文故事的情节开展L MyparentsboughtmeacelIphonejustbeforemyhighschool. _ 2. Iquicklygotaddictedtothecellphoneandforgoteverythingaroun dme. 3. Myfatherannouncedthatourfamilywouldgooutcampingduri ngthevacation. 4. IwasreallydisappointedattheplanbecauseIju stwantedtostaywitht
11、hecellphone. 5. DuringthejourneyIjustfoe usedonmycellphoneexcepttheshortmomentwhenmycellphonewasouto fservice. 6. Iwasevenangrywhenlknewwewouldstayinacampsiteth athadnocellphoneservice.情开展三、原文故事中的巧妙用词1. Ilivedonthatcellphoneallsummerwithmyfaceburiedinitss creen.此处用了动词词组 livedon 和介词词组 withmyfaceburie
12、dinitsscreeno文章在此处主要是为了表达“我” 对手机的沉迷。而livedon和buriedin非常贴切地表现了 “我”沉 迷于手机的情景。2. Beingconnectedwasmoreimportantthanbeingpresent. 此 句 意为“(在手机上的)联系远比在场(的人或环境)重要得多“。这 里用动名词作主语和介词宾语,形象地表现了当时作者沉迷于手机的 状况。3. Hi sexci tementmetwithadisappointedsigh.本句用 了 两个名 词,比照了 “我”和父亲的两种态度:父亲是excitement,而“我” 是 disappointeds
13、igho4. Butnoneofthatmatteredtome.此句意为但是这一切都与我 无关”。本句用了 matter,非常形象地表现了作者当时对窗外景色 的漠视,仍然沉迷于手机的状态。四、续写故事的设计与语言运用续 写 第一段 的 段 首 句 是 aInsteadofburyingmyselfinmycelIphone,Ifocusedonsomethingelse:mysurroundings. 。根据段首句的提示, 本段要重点描述“我”看到的周围环境的情况。对我们而言,理解故 事情节不是很难,最重要的是要用合适的、精巧的语言描写环境。选 择的词汇要既能展示环境的优美,又能表现“我”发
14、现了周围环境的 美之后的心境变化。此处可以有对自然环境和声音的描述,可以有对 动植物的描述,同时要表达“我”的心情的变化。在自然环境方我们可以用 thesweetair、thepuresky、thecharmingvalley、themurmur i ngofrunn i ngwat er、thebeautifulsoundofthewilderness、thebirdsandbugscreatingamagicworld bothloudandpeaceful 等。这些词看上去很常见,但是充分表现了自然之美,可以很好地展示自 然的力量,为“我”的心情的转变做好铺垫。而在心情的变化上,我 们也
15、要注意用词的递进,确切地表达“我”的心情的变化,如anger、 peace、 interest、 enjoy、 excitement、 fullsatisfaction.续 写 第 二 段 的 段 首 句 是Thefollowingdayspassedinaflashwithmanyfunactivities. ”续写第一段主要是对静态的自然之美的描述。而根据续写第二段的段 首句可知,本段主要描述的是人物的动态活动。我们可以在续写第一 段对静态美的描述的基础上,在“我”的心态发生了变化的前提下, 进行动态的描述。动作用词可以有hike、swim、fish等。同时可以 有对具体的细节活动的描述,
16、如climbthemountainwithalightheart watchthebirdswithapeacefulmind 、startafire、cookdeliciousandspecialmeals、laughhappily、sharestories、 watchstars observef lower sandbutt erf lies 等。 这一切都 为 最后 成功地表达“我”深深地感受到了这次野营的美好做好了准备。【范文欣赏】Paragraph1:InsteadofburyingmyselfinmycelIphone,Ifocusedonsomethingelse:mysurr
17、oundings. Iheardthebeautifulsoundofthewilderness. Ihear dthebirdsandbugscreatingamagicworldthatwasbothloudandpeacef ulatthesametime. Myangergraduallyturnedtopeace,thenlittleinterestand,finally,excitement. Standingonthehighcampsite,Ifelttheweightofstressmeltfrommyshouldersaslviewedthevastla ndthatunf
18、oldedbelowme. Thebeautifulandtouchingsightthatmetmy startledeyesnearlytookmybreathaway. Forthefirsttime,Ithoughtcampinginaplacethathadnocellphoneservicemightnotbes obadbutareal1yenjoyableexperience.Paragraph2:Thefollowingdayspassedinaflashwithmanyfunactivities. lentirelyforgotaboutthecellphone,total
19、lyoccupiedmyseifwithhiking , swimmingandfishing , allthewonderfulthingsthatIhadneverthoughtofbefore. Mydadandl learnedhowtostartafiretogetherafterseveralfalsestarts. Wecoo kedtogetherandlatethesweetestmarshmallowsIhadevertasted. Dad toldmestoriesofhislife,storieslhadneverheardorperhapslhadntbeenlist
20、erling. Whenthewe ekendcametoanend,Irealizedlhadntthoughtofmycellphoneonce. Ihadntfelttheneedto beconnectedtoanywhereelse. Itdawnedonmethatwhatmatteredmostw asthetimelwassharingwithjustmyfatherandnature.【模擦导练】阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故 事。everybody. Itsthattimeofyear, “ saidmyscienceteacher, MrBeal
21、. ThisFridaywellhavetheannualEggDropChallenge. Bringy ourbestcontainerstoelass. Youcanworkaloneorworktogether. ”MrBealsfifth?gradeEggDropChal1engewasaninstitutionatmys chool. ThegoaloftheChallengewassimple一youhadtobuildaprotect ivecontainertokeepaneggfrombreakingwhendroppingontothestadi umground.Myb
22、estfriend,Cassie,andlgrinnedateachother. Wealwaysworkedonpro?jectstogether. Sh esbrainy;Imcreative. Weretheperfectcombination,1ikepeanutbutterandmarshmallowcream, whichhappenstobemyfavoritekindofsandwiches.ImademyfavoritesandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCass ietocomeoverandworkonthecontainer. Spr
23、eadingthefluffymarshma llowcreamgavemeanidea.aIhaveabri11iantdesignforoureggcontainer ! ” Isaidwhen Cassiearrived. Shelookedatmeeagerly. Wecancushionitwithsome marshmallowcream. Youknow,toabsorbtheshockoftheimpact, “ lexplained. Youvegottobekid ding,Laura, “ Cassieexclaimed. Youhaveabetteridea? ” Is
24、aid. Cass iepointedtoasketchinhernotebook. Actually,Ido. Weputtheegginabasketwithaparachuteattached. Itwillsimply floattosafety. ”Itstooeasyforsomethingtogowrong. Itwillneverwork!” Isaid. Cassierolledhereyes,uTheparachuteisbetterthanthatstupididea. ”Icouldntbelieveit. Ofcourse,wedhadourlittlefightsi
25、nthepast,butthiswasdifferent. Shednevercalledanyofmyideas “stupid” b efore. aThenl1IbuiIdmineandyoubuiIdyours,andwelljustseewhoseisbetter. ” Fine! ” Cassiethrewhernoteb ookintoherbackpackandstor?medout. Andjustlikethat,ourfriendshipwasbroken. Likeaneggdroppedfromthetopofastadium withoutmarshmallowcreamtprotectit. 注意: 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2.续写局部分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。ParagraphicWhenFridayfinallycameIhadtoadmitthatCassiesEggForceOnelookedprettygood.Paragraph2:Bythefourthround, onlyCassieandlwereleft.【押价导思】.请归纳总结本文中使用的有关心理描写的词汇。1 .文章中使用了哪些动作描写的精彩词汇?2 .比照你的文章和范文,你有哪些词汇方面的收获?