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1、第三课：英语时事评论汉译Avoiding a US-China Cold War (Except)1 The upcoming summit between the America and Chinese presidents is to take place while progress is being made in resoling many of the issues before them, and a positive communique is probable. Yet both leaders also face an opinion among elites in the
2、ir countries emphasizing conflict rather than cooperation.防止美中冷战(节选)1美国总统和中国国家主席即将举行首脑会谈，两国在解决相互间的许多问题上正取 得进展，发表一项积极的公报是有可能的。然而两位领导人也面临各自国内精英阶层强调冲 突而非合作的舆论。2 Most Chinese I encounter outside of government, and some in government, seem convinced that the United States seeks to contain China and to co
3、nstrict its rise. American strategic thinkers are calling attention to Chinas increasing global economic reach and the growing capability of its military forces.2我遇到的大多数非政府人士的中国人，以及某些中国政府内部人士，似乎认定美国 谋求遏制中国并约束中国的崛起。美国的战略思想家们那么呼吁关注中国日益增强的全球经济 影响力及其日益强大的军事力量。3 Care must be taken lest both sides analyze
4、 themselves into self-fulfilling prophecies. The nature of globalization and the reach of modern technology oblige the United States and China to interact around the world. A Cold War between them would bring about an international choosing of sides, spreading disputes into internal politics of ever
5、y region at a time when issues such as nuclear proliferation, the environment, energy and climate require a comprehensive global solution.3双方必须慎重，以免不知不觉地让预言成为现实。全球化的特性和现代技术的影响 范围迫使美国和中国在全世界产生互动。他们之间的冷战将使国际社会选择支持某一方，使 各地区的内部政治在核扩散、环境、能源和气候问题需要一个全面的国际解决方案之际陷入 争论。4 Conflict is not inherent in a nations
6、 rise. The United States in the 20th century is an example of a state achieving eminence without conflict with the then-dominant countries. Nor was the often-cited German-British conflict inevitable. Thoughtless and provocative policies played a role in transforming European diplomacy into a zero-su
7、m game.4国家的崛起并非必然伴随着冲突。20世纪的美国就是一个例证，它在脱颖而出的过 程中并没有与当时占据主导地位的国家发生冲突。经常被人提起的德英冲突当初也并非不可 防止。轻率而又带挑衅性的政策对于欧洲那场由外交战演变而成的得失相抵的较量负有一定 责任。5Sino-US relations need not take such a turn. On most contemporary issues, the two countries cooperate adequately; what the two countries lack is an overarching concept
8、for their interaction. During the Cold War, a common adversary supplied the bond. Common concepts have not yet emerged from the multiplicity of new tasks facing a globalized world undergoing political, economic and technological upheaval.5中美关系不必如此。在大多数当代问题上，两国能够充分合作；它们缺少的是一个 总体上的互动理念。冷战时期，有一个共同的对手发挥
9、了纽带作用。而我们这个全球化的世 界正在经历着政治、经济和技术的剧变，对于它所面临的形形色色的新任务，尚未显现出共 识。6 That is not a simple matter. For it implies subordinating national aspirations to a vision of a global order.6这可不是一件简单的事情，因为它意味着使国家志向附属于一种全球秩序的构想。7 Neither the United States nor China has experience in such a task. Each assumes its nation
10、al values to be both unique and of a kind to which other peoples naturally aspire. Reconciling the two versions of exceptionalism is the deepest challenge of the Sino-American relationship.7面对这样一个任务，美国和中国都没有经验。它们都认为自己国家的价值观独一无 二，是其他民族理所当然所向往的。调和这两种例外论是中美关系的最深刻挑战。8America，s exceptionalism finds it na
11、tural to condition its conduct toward other societies on their acceptance of American values. Most Chinese see their countrys rise not as a challenge to America but as heralding a return to the normal state of affairs when China was preeminent. In the Chinese view, it is the past 200 years of relati
12、ve weakness 一 not China，s current resurgence 一 that represent an abnormality, (from The Washington Post, Jan. 14, 2011)8美国的例外论认为，它对待其他社会的方式理所当然取决于它们是否接受美国的价 值观。大多数中国人那么认为，他们国家的崛起不是对美国的挑战，而是预示着回归中国出类 拔萃的正常状态。在中国人看来，不正常的是中国在过去200年里的相对弱势，而不是它当 前的重振雄风。(选自英语文摘，2011年第3期，何金娥译)第四课：汉语时事评论英译警惕逐渐拉开的贫富差距1改革开放以来
13、，中国社会经济迅速开展，取得了举世公认的成就。但一个明显的事 实是，同经济开展相比，社会开展明显滞后。这突出表现为贫富差距的拉开幅度过大。根据 联合国开发计划署的统计数字，中国目前的基尼系数为0.45,占总人口 20%的最贫困人口占 收入或消费的份额只有4.7%，而占总人口 20%的最富裕人口占收入或消费的份额高达50% o 据此看来，中国社会的贫富差距已经突破了合理的限度。Guard Against a Growing Gap Between Affluence and Poverty8 Ever since the reform and opening-up, China has made
14、 great achievements in its social and economic development, which have won worldwide recognition. Yet, it is obvious that its social development is lagging behind that of its economy. This is manifested in the excessive gap between the rich and the poor. Statistics made by the United Nations Develop
15、ment Programme shows that China, s current Gini coefficient is 0. 45, with the income or consumption of the poorest, who make up 20% of the total population, accounting for merely 4. 7% of the total, while that of the wealthiest, who make up the same percentage, accounting for as much as 50%. Thus t
16、he rich-poor disparity has overstepped a reasonable limit.2在短短二十多年的时间里，中国已经从一个平均主义盛行的国家，转变为贫富差距 扩大现象严重、收入差距超过国际上中等不平等程度的国家。究其原因，大致有这样几个：9 Just in a short period of over two decades, China has changed from a country of prevalent egalitarianism into one with a seriously widened gap between affluence a
17、nd poverty, its income difference surpassing that of countries with a medium level of inequality. This may be attributed mainly to the following reasons.3其一，对于高收入群体缺乏合理的、必要的“限高”。本来国家通过健全的税收制 度，可以缓解贫富差距问题，但是目前中国的税收制度并不健全。根据学者的研究，近年来 全国平均每年流失的各类税收为5700亿6800亿元，占国民生产总值的7.6%9. 1虬其中， 平均每年少征收的关税为1500亿2000亿
18、元，少征收的增值税为1500亿2000亿元，少 征收的营业税为1000亿元左右，少征收的资源税（如土地、能源、资源等紧缺资源税收） 在1000亿元左右。另外，中国的地下经济十分严重，地下经济偷漏税流失额在700亿800 亿元之间。国家税收的严重流失，一方面使一局部人的财富迅速加大，另一方面又使国家缺 乏必要的再分配能力，难以有效地援助弱势群体，最终加大了贫富的差距。3Firstly, there is not a reasonable and necessary uupper limitv for the high-income group. The rich-poor disparity c
19、ould have been reduced by means of a sound tax system, but, unfortunately, Chinas tax system at present is far from perfect. Research indicates that the annual drain of all kinds of taxes in recent years averages 570-680 billion yuan, taking 7.69. 1% of the GNP. Among them, the losses of customs dut
20、y and value added tax are respectively 150-200 billion yuan, and that of business tax and resource （such as land, energy and natural resources that are in short supply） tax are respectively 100 billion yuan or more. In addition, as there exists a serious problem of illegal underground economy in Chi
21、na, tax evasion in this respect amounted to 70-80 billion yuan annually. Such heavy losses of revenue have resulted in the rapid wealth accumulation of some people on the one hand, and the inability of the state to implement a redistribution of wealth on the other. This has made it difficult to effe
22、ctively aid the disadvantaged group and, in turn, has led to a widened wealth gap.4其二，对于基础阶层来说缺乏必要的“兜底”。同国民经济开展幅度相比，中国的 社会保障事业以及社会转移支付表现出一种明显滞后的情形。在这种情况下，农民、城镇的 退休人员、城镇的失业人员及其亲属最有可能成为贫困者，从而使整个社会的贫富差距迅速 拉大。4 Secondly, we are in need of a necessary guaranteed income system for people at the bottom lev
23、el. China，s social security undertakings and its social transfer payments are obviously lagging behind the development of its national economy. Under such circumstances, the farmers, the retired and unemployed townspeople as well as their relatives are most likely to become impoverished, so that the
24、 wealth gap of the whole society are rapidly growing wider.5其三，经济领域当中存在着许多不平等的竞争。不平等竞争表现在很多方面，最突 出的是一些部门、行业甚至是一些个别的社会成员，能够通过垄断经营获得垄断利润或高额 利润，而其他的社会群体和社会成员却不能，因此最终形成了非常不合理的收入差距。比方， 一些借助国家特许经营的垄断行业就获得了 “暴利”。在全国各行业收入的统计中，垄断 性行业人员的收入稳居前几位，如航空运输业、管理运输业、邮电通讯业、电力部门等等。 甚至连一些社会公共事业部门，如某些公共教育机构、某些公共医疗机构，也存在利用
25、行业 垄断的地位而索取高额利润的情况。（选自新华社瞭望新闻周刊，2005年8月11日）5 Thirdly, there exists a lot of unfair competition in the economy. The most conspicuous is that some government departments, trades or, even, a few individuals can make monopoly or huge profits by means of monopolized operation, while other groups and indi
26、viduals cannot. In this way, a very unreasonable income difference is formed. For example, some franchise industries have reaped colossal profits. In statistics for all trades and professions, the incomes of employees in various monopoly trades always appear amongst the top few, such as those from the trades of air transport, transportation management, post and telecommunications, and power, etc. Even some public institutions, such as schools or hospitals, have made huge profits with the help of their monopolist positions: (translated by Meng Qingsheng)