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1、 句子的种类 陈述句：This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句：Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 复合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 1肯定句 He is a middle school teacher. 他是一位中学
2、老师。(一般现在时) She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。(现在进行时) They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。(现在完成时) He did a lot of washing yesterday. 他昨天洗了好多衣服。(一般过去时) They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经争吵完了。(过去完成时) The meeting will begin at once. 会议马上就要开始了。(一般将来时)2否定句(1)使用not否定： He isn
3、t a worker. 他不是个工人。(一般现在时) She doesnt do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I havent had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You didnt do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustnt take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She neednt quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The hou
4、se wont be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you. 她可能没有注意到你。(情态动词)使用not以外的否定词表示否定：用no否定：no+名词=not any，表示“一点也不”。 I have no money.(=I have not any money.) 我一点儿钱都没有。 We have no time to do it.(=We havent any time to do it.) 我们没有时间做这件事情了。用never表示否定，语气比not要强烈。 She has never been there. 她从来
5、没有去过那里。 I will never forget him. 我决不会忘记他的。few和little分别表示可数名词和不可数名词的否定，含义为“几乎没有”。 Jack has few friends here. 杰克在这儿几乎没有朋友。 Theres little water in the thermos. 暖瓶里几乎没有水了。no one=nobody 无人 No one knows you here. (=Nobody knows you here.) 在这里没有人认识你。nothing=not any thing 什么都没有 I have nothing to wash today.
6、 今天我没有要洗的东西。 He had nothing to eat that day. 那天他什么东西也没吃。none of没有任何人；没有任何物(事) Its none of your business. 这儿没有你的事。(这与你无关。) None of us have seen the film. 我们谁也没看过这个电影。含有否定性的副词hardly(几乎不)、seldom(很少)的句子。 I can hardly remember your name. 我几乎想不起你的名字来了。 He seldom has lunch at school. 他很少在学校吃午饭。“too.to”(太以致
7、不)句型本身具有否定的含义。 Its too heavy for me to carry. 这太重了，我搬不动。 He is too fat to run. 他太胖，跑不动。 必背：记住下列肯定和否定相应的形式： all-none, no； both-neither everyone, each-no one some-not any, no； everything-nothing a few-few a little-little something-nothing, not anything； each, either-neither。 注意：以think和believe为主句谓语的复合句
8、，其从句的否定要 前移至主句的谓语上。例如： I dont think you are hungry. 我认为你不饿。 We dont believe she will come. 我们相信她不会来的。二、疑问句疑问句分为四种：1一般疑问句：Does Mr.Green come from America? 格林先生是来自美国吗?2特殊疑问句：What day is it today? 今天是星期几?3选择疑问句：Is he a teacher or a cook? 他老师还是厨师?4反意疑问句：You agree with him, dont you? 你同意他的意见，是吗?1一般疑问句 -D
9、o you work in that lawyers office? -No, I dont work there. -你是在那家律师事务所上班吗? -不，我不在那儿上班。 -Have you finished your homework? -No, not yet. -你做完作业了吗? -还没有。 -Shall I bring you a cup of coffee? Yes, please. -我给你拿一杯咖啡来好吗?好吧。 -Can you wait here for me for a moment? -Certainly. -你能在这里等我一会吗?可以。 -Must we set of
10、f tomorrow? No, you neednt. -我们必须明天出发吗? 不，不必。 -Will you be able to give me an answer today? -Its hard to say. -你今天能答复我吗? -很难说。 -Is the boys answer correct? -Sorry, I have no idea. -这男孩的回答是正确的吗? -对不起，我不知道。2特殊疑问句常用的疑问代词为who和what；疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how many，how much， how long，how often，how far等等；疑
11、问形容词为which。疑问代词(作主语)+陈述语序 Who is going to take part in the sports meet of the school? 谁要参加学校的运动会? Who broke the glass of the window? 谁把这个窗户的玻璃打碎了? What is in the sky? 天上那是什么东西? What made him crazy on playing football? 是什么让他对踢足球这么着迷?疑问代词(非主语)或疑问副词+一般疑问句 Who are you looking for? 你在找谁? What can you see
12、 on the screen? 在屏幕上能看见什么? When will you be back? 你什么时候回来? Where do you usually go for a walk? 你们通常去哪里散步? Why did you refuse to attend that meeting? 你为什么拒绝参加那个会议? Which dictionary do you prefer? 你想要哪一本词典? How did she get home yesterday? 她昨天是怎么回家的? How often does he go to see his parents? 他多长时间去看他父母一
13、次? How much is this pair of shoes? 这双鞋多少钱? How far is it from the school to your home? 学校离你家有多远? How heavy are you (is he/she)? 你(他、她)有多重?(或：你(他、她)体重多少?) Whose car is it? Its Jacks. 这是谁的车?是杰克的。3选择疑问句 Did you solve the problem in this way or (in) that way? 你是用这种还是那种方法解决那难题的? Will you come to me or Il
14、l go to your home? 你来找我呢，还是我去你家? Which is longer, the Yangtze River or the Nile? 长江和尼罗河，哪一条更长些? When will you go abroad, this year or next year? 你什么时候出国，今年还是明年? Who did you talk to, Mr. Li or Miss Wang? 你跟谁谈的，李先生还是王小姐?4反意疑问句前一部分为肯定式，后一部分为否定式。1) This magazine is yours, isnt it?2) Your mother was a ty
15、piest in this company last year, wasnt she?3) She likes eating fish, doesnt she?4) Tom drove the car into a tree yesterday, didnt he?5) Your parents will come to see you soon, wont they?6) He is sleeping, isnt he?7) He was taken to the headmaster, wasnt he?8) You have teld her the news, havent you?9
16、) A dog can swim, cant it?10) You need take some medicine, neednt you?11) You need some medicine, dont you?12) Youd better go and have a rest, hadnt you?13) The boy has to do it again, doesnt he?14) He had to get up early, didnt he?15) She has much homework to do, hasnt she? (=She has much homework
17、to do, doesnt she?) 当have作其他含义解时，如“吃”，“开会”，“让”等时，只能用do或does来表示。例 如： The boy has two eggs, a few pieces of bread and a glass of milk, doesnt he? The had a meeting yesterday, didnt they?2前一部分为否定式，后一部分为肯定式。 You arent a lawyer, are you? She doesnt enjoy fish, does she? You havent been to Huangshan Mount
18、ain, have you? You didnt hand in your homework yesterday, did you?3其他类型的反意疑问句。(1)祈使句的反意疑问句：。 Have a cup of coffee, will you? Do me a favour, wont youLets go swimming, shall we? Lets go and see whats happening, shall we? Let her sing us a song, will you? 注意：有一类动词，如hate，dislike，disagree等，虽然含有讨厌 、不喜欢、不
19、同意等否定的意思，但仍要按照肯定句来处理。例如： You dislike biology, dont you? (2)当前面陈述部分含有表示否定意思的词，如never，hardly，seldom，few，little，nobody，no one，nothing，neither等，后面的疑问部分要用肯定式。 He never help others, does he? No one can do this job, can he (they)? Few students come to his class, do they?(3)陈述部分为主从复合句时，疑问部分的谓语应该与主句谓语一致。 You
20、 dont mind if I smoke here, do you? You never tell me you are a policeman, do you? 注意：如果陈述部分是“I dont think (believe.)+宾语从句”时，疑问部分之中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致，并用肯定形式 。 I dont think you are successful, are you? I dont believe she has cheated you of that sum of money, has she? (4)陈述部分是“there be”结构时，疑问部分用t
21、here而将主语代词省略。 There is something nice on my bed, isnt there? There wont be any class this Saturday, will there? (5)陈述部分含有不定代词everyone，someone，anyone，no one作主语时，疑问部分主语用 they；陈述部分含有everything，something，anything，nothing时，疑问部分用it。 Everyone in your family likes to listen to the music, dont they? No one k
22、nows about it, do they? Everything here is messy, isnt it? Nothing is necessary now, is it? 感叹句How + 形容词或副词+陈述语序What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 +陈述语序How clever a boy he is!How lovely the baby is!What noise they are making!What a clever boy he is!What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!感叹句的省略形式为：What a clever boy (he is)!