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1、新译林(2020)高中英语选择性必修第二册第三单元词汇精讲(二) 第二讲 U3 Extended reading & Project词汇精讲1. ripe adj. 成熟的,时机成熟的拓展:ripen vt. 使成熟 a ripe old age 高龄2. equip vt. 配备,使具有能力;(过去式:equipped;过去分词:equipped ;现在分词:equipping) 用法1:equip sth. with使具备,给配备例如:Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit disabled people.餐厅老板将在
2、餐厅里配备能够接纳残疾人的设施。用法2:equip sb. with使做好准备,使有能力,使有资格例如:Relative poverty did not prevent Martin from equipping himself with an excellent education. 较为贫困的状况并没有阻止马丁让自己接受一流的教育。拓展:equipment n. 设备(不可数名词)3. artificial adj. 人工的,人造的,虚假的拓展:artificial intelligence 人工智能 artificially 人为地,做作地4. grateful adj. 感激的,表示感
3、谢的用法:be grateful to 感激例如:She was grateful to him for being so good to her. 他对她这么好,令她很感激。同义词:thankful/appreciative adj. 感激的5. disturb vt. 使不安,打扰,搅乱例如:I hope I am not disturbing you. 我希望我没有打扰到你。拓展:disturb the peace 扰乱治安disturbed adj. 不安的 disturbing adj. 令人不安的 disturbance n. 动乱,骚乱,扰乱6. tackle vt. 应付,处理
4、,解决,与交谈例如:The government is determined to tackle inflation. 政府决心解决通货膨胀问题。拓展:tackle sb. about sth. 与某人交涉,向某人提起例如:I tackle him about the money he owed me. 我就他欠我钱的事与他进行了交涉。同义短语:deal with/ do with / cope with7. adjust vt. & vi. 调整,适应,整理用法:adjust to . 适应,习惯例如:You will quickly adjust yourself to student l
5、ife. 你将很快适应学习生活。拓展:adjustment n. 调整,调节 adjustable adj. 可调整的,可调节的 adjustability n. 适应性,可调性8. date back to追溯到,始于,自至今(无被动)例如:There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age.有证据表明针灸始于石器时代。同义短语:date from (无被动)9. switch vi. & vt. 转变,交换,调班; n. 开关,转变用法:switch on 打开 switch off 关闭 switch to转换到,
6、转变(注意力)例如:My mothers interest had switched to my health. 母亲转而关注起来我的健康来。10. stainless adj. 不生锈的拓展:stain vi. 弄脏,污染;vt. 玷污,污染,给染色;n. 污点,色斑 stained glass 彩色玻璃例如:This carpet stains easily. 这块地毯不耐脏。 They stained the floors dark brown. 他们把地板涂成了深棕色。11. clinic n. 私人诊所,门诊部拓展:clinical adj. 临床的 clinical trial 临
7、床试验12. tongue n. 舌头,语言拓展:mother tongue 母语 hold ones tongue 保持沉默 tongue-in-cheek 半开玩笑的,不当真的例如:The offer was made almost tongue-in-cheek.这种提议差不多只是说说而已。13. anxiety n. 焦虑,担心,渴望拓展:anxious adj. 焦虑的,渴望的 be anxious about sth./for sb. 焦虑,担心 be anxious to do sth./ be anxious for sth渴望(做)某事举例:She was anxious t
8、o finish school and get a job. 她渴望毕业找到一份工作。14. alcohol n. 酒精,酒拓展:alcoholic adj. 含酒精的 alcoholic drink 酒精饮料 alcoholism n. 酒精中毒(不可数名词)15. drug n. 毒品;药物; v.将麻醉例如:She was a drug addict. 她是个吸毒成瘾的人。 Her drink must have been drugged. 她的饮料中肯定被惨了麻醉药。拓展:drugstore 药房16. symbol n.象征,符号,代号用法:symbol of sth. 的象征例如:
9、White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures. 在西方文化中,白色一向象征纯洁。 symbol for sth. 的符号,例如:What is the chemical symbol for copper? 铜的化学符号是什么?拓展:symbolize v. 象征,代表symbolic adj. 象征的symbolically adv. 象征性地17. infection n. 传染,感染例如:to be exposed to infection 暴露于易受感染的环境拓展:infect v. 传染,使感染,影响 infect sb./sth. (with sth.)例如:She infected the children with her enthusiasm for music. 她对音乐的热爱感染了孩子们。