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1、核心素养测评八 Module 2 No Drugs . 阅读理解A(2020雅礼中学模拟)Sally Dawly is a woman from Auburn, California. Over the last three and a half years, the anti-littering woman has spent most of her free time picking up cigarette butts (烟头) from the streets of her home city. Called the “Butt Lady” by her local community
2、, Dawly began her mission to rid the streets of her city of cigarette butts in October, 2014. The woman looked for cigarette butts, picked them up and threw them in the trash. To keep a count of how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a tablet, and earlier this month, she hit a his
3、toric milestoneone million cigarette butts. “I got tired of going on my walks and seeing cigarette butts everywhere, ” Sally Dawly said. “Im just shocked that I had to pick up so many. Ive ever picked up 3, 000 butts in one day, ” she said. “Dont throw away your butts; better yet, stop smoking. ”Wit
4、h so many cigarette butts littering the streets, can one persons efforts really make a difference? Surprisingly, the answer seems to be yes. Soon after the Butt Lady of Auburn started her mission and word of her efforts spread, cigarette cans started appearing around bars and restaurants in the city
5、. Members of the local community even came out to cheer her on as she approached her one-million-butt milestone. Sally knows her citys cigarette butt littering problem wont be solved anytime soon, but she hopes her work will inspire people to at least think twice before dropping cigarette butts in t
6、he streets. She has decided to continue cleaning up after irresponsible smokers, and already has a new milestone in her sightstwo million cigarette butts. Word of the Butt Ladys efforts to keep the streets cigarette butt-free has reached neighboring communities as well, and CBS Sacramento reports th
7、at other cities have started seeking her help as well. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。众所周知, 吸烟有害健康, 有时候让人更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟头。在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位“烟头女士”, 她利用业余时间捡拾烟头, 并在最近捡到了第100万个烟头! 1. Why does Sally Dawly carry an iPad with her while picking up the butts? A. To entertain the crowds. B. To monitor the smokers. C. To attract pe
8、oples attention. D. To record the number of butts. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段中To keep a count of how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a tablet一句可知, 为了记录自己捡到的烟头数量, the Butt Lady带了平板电脑。故选D。2. How did Sally Dawly feel when picking up cigarette butts? A. Excited but upset. B. Shocked and sor
9、ry. C. Frightened but content. D. Astonished and desperate. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知, Sally很厌烦看到这么多烟头, 她对捡起来这么多数量的烟头感到震惊, 并且劝告大家最好不要吸烟。因此她的感受应该是“震惊和难过的”。故B项最恰当。3. From the text, what can be inferred about Sally Dawly? A. She picks up nearly 3, 000 cigarette butts every day. B. She will work in other c
10、ities in California in the future. C. She has set a new goal of picking up two million cigarette butts. D. She picked up one million cigarette butts with members of her community. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段and already has a new milestone in her sightstwo million cigarette butts可知C项正确。根据第三段. . . Ive ever p
11、icked up 3, 000 butts in one day. . . 可知A项错误; 根据最后一段可知Sally的行动影响了邻近的城市, 但并不是她要去邻近的城市工作, 故B项错误; 根据倒数第三段Members of the local community even came out to cheer. . . 可知D项错误。故选C。4. What is the text mainly about? A. Californias “Butt Lady”. B. Fighting against smoking. C. Californians health problems. D. S
12、moking problems in California. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士在业余时间捡起了一百万个烟头, 并且获得了“烟头女士”的称号的故事, 故A项最恰当。【知识拓展】长难句分析To keep a count of how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a tablet, and earlier this month, she hit a historic milestoneone million cigarette butts. 句意: 为了统计她捡了多少个烟头,
13、这位“烟头女士”一直在用平板电脑记录, 这个月早些时候她达到了一个历史性的里程碑一百万个烟头。分析: To keep. . . she picks up是动词不定式作目的状语, 其中how many butts she picks up是介词of的宾语从句。B At the age of 14, James Harrison had a major chest operation and he required 13 units (3. 4 gallons) of blood afterwards. The blood donations saved his life, and he deci
14、ded that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could. More than 60 years and almost 1, 200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody(抗体) that has saved the lives of 2. 4 million babies from miscarriages (流产), retired as a blood donor on May 11. Harriso
15、ns blood is valuable because he naturally produces Rh-negative blood, which contains Rh-positive antibodies. His blood has been used to create anti-D in Australia since 1967. “Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it, ” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morni
16、ng Herald. “Its an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies. I cry just thinking about it. ” Since then, Harrison has donated between 500 and 800 milliliters of blood almost every week. Hes made 1, 162 donations from his right arm and 10 from his left. “Id keep going if they let me, ” Harrison
17、 told the Herald. His doctors said it was time to stop the donationsand they certainly dont take them lightly. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and theyre cutting him off now to protect his health. He made his final donation surrounded by some of the mothers and b
18、abies who his blood helped save. Harrisons retirement is a blow to the Rh treatment program in Australia. Only 160 donors support the program, and finding new donors has proven to be difficult. But Harrisons retirement from giving blood doesnt mean hes completely out of the game. Scientists are coll
19、ecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了一位澳大利亚男子在他14岁时, 因为他的病, 急需要血液, 别人输血救了他的生命。因此他决定一旦年满18岁, 就开始尽可能定期献血。他一直捐献自己极其罕见的血液来救别人, 60多年里, 献血将近1200次, 救了240万婴儿的生命。5. What do we know
20、 about James Harrison? A. He saved 2. 4 million poor people. B. He is to retire as a blood donor. C. He is a very grateful blood donor. D. He donates blood nearly every day. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段“he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could”以及第二段“More than 60
21、 years and almost 1, 200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody that has saved the lives of 2. 4 million babies from miscarriages ”可知, 他决定一旦年满18岁, 就开始尽可能定期献血。60多年内, 他献血将近1200次。他的血液中含有一种抗体, 这种抗体挽救了240万婴儿的生命。所以哈里森兑现了他14岁许下的诺言。故通过关键词“begin donating blood as regularly, 60 years, 1,
22、200 donations, save”可以判断出, 哈里森是个非常感恩的献血者。故C选项正确。6. What is the authors purpose of writing paragraph 4? A. To state Harrisons decision to continue donating blood. B. To describe how Harrisons donations come to an end. C. To introduce some babies saved by Harrisons blood. D. To praise Harrison for his
23、 cooperation with the doctors. 【解析】选B。目的意图题。由第四段“His doctors said it was time to stop the donations and they certainly dont take them lightly. . . his blood helped save. ”可知, 他的医生说, 是时候停止捐赠了, 他们当然不会轻易接受。他们已经延长了他献血的年龄限制, 现在为了保护他的健康, 他要停止献血。他做了最后一次捐赠, 他的血液挽救了一些母亲和婴儿的生命。所以通过医生所说的话, 可以判断出, 第四段的目的是描述哈里森的
24、献血是如何结束的。故B选项正确。7. What can we infer from the passage about Harrison? A. After his retirement, the Rh program will fail. B. New donors are easy to find in a short time. C. He continues to contribute to the Rh program. D. His DNA is kept in a library for future study. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段“But Harrisons
25、 retirement from giving blood doesnt mean hes completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia. ”可知, 但是哈里森从献血中退休并不意味着他完全退出了这个项目, 科学家们正在收集和编目他的DNA, 以建立一个抗体和白
26、血球库, 这可能是澳大利亚抗-D计划的未来。所以尽管哈里森已经退休, 但他并不是完全退出, 因为围绕着他血液的研究会一直进行下去, 所以哈里森会继续为Rh项目做出贡献。故C选项正确。8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. A Unique Man with a Rare Blood TypeB. The Blood Saving Millions of BabiesC. A Special Blood producerD. The Man with the Golden Arm【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通
27、读全文可知, 短文叙述了一位澳大利亚男子在他14岁时, 因为他的病, 急需血液, 别人输血救了他的生命。因此他决定一旦年满18岁, 就开始尽可能定期献血。他一直捐献自己极其罕见的血液来救别人, 60多年里, 献血将近1200次, 救了超过240万婴儿的故事。所以短文主要在叙述一位有极其珍贵的手臂的人, 是这样的手臂输出的血液, 救了这么多的人。故短文的最佳标题为“一位有极其珍贵的手臂的人”。故D选项正确。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. a major chest operation一个大的胸部手术2. blood donation 献血3. save ones life 挽救某人的生命4. exte
28、nd v. 延长5. cut off 阻止. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air. However, a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. 1Many people say running in winter can be diffic
29、ult. Two reasons are the low temperatures and bitter winds. 2 That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body. When you run in cold weather, your heart rate and the bodys dehydration (脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions. 3This information comes from John Brewer, who is
30、a professor of applied sport science at St. Marys. For this study, he and other researchers put a group of people into a room they called an “environmental chamber”. The researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room. 4 Brewer says he and his team recorded biological mea
31、surements of the runners. He says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing. Wear gloves on your hands. 5And especially wear more than one layer of clothing to keep sweat away from your skin. A. We have good reasons to run in winter. B. Wear sh
32、oes that will keep you from falling. C. Many feel nervous when running in the cold weather. D. Yet many runners might find it easier than running in hot weather. E. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather. F. In fact, running in cold weather helps improve ones performance. G. Th
33、e test subjects were asked to run 10, 000 meters under both conditions. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。寒冷的天气会阻止很多人跑步。研究人员通过研究发现在寒冷的冬天跑步要比夏天更能够提高人们的身体机能, 文章对此项研究作了详细说明。1. 【解析】选F。根据上文“然而, 一项新研究表明, 气温下降是跑步的绝佳时机”, 分析选项可知, F项(事实上, 在寒冷的天气中跑步有利于改善身体机能)与此空意义是一致的。因此F项符合题意, 故选F。2. 【解析】选D。根据下文的内容“这是因为低温环境能够降低身体的压力, 与温暖的环境相比,
34、在寒冷的环境下跑步, 你的心率和身体的脱水程度更低。”可知, 冬天跑步比夏天容易。分析选项可知D项(然而, 还有许多跑步者可能发现严冬时节跑步比炎夏季节更容易)符合题意, 故选D。3. 【解析】选E。根据上一句“在寒冷的环境下跑步, 你的心率和身体的脱水程度更低”可得出“寒冷的环境下, 身体需要的水分相对来说比较少”。分析选项可知E项(与温暖的天气相比, 在寒冷的天气身体需要的水分更少), 故选E。4. 【解析】选G。根据上文“研究人员在房间里模拟夏天和冬天的环境。”可知, “他们要求受试者在两种环境(冬天和夏天)下跑完10 000米”, 分析选项可知G项符合题意, 故选G。5. 【解析】选B
35、。通读本段可知, 本段主要叙述对在寒冷环境下跑步的人来说, 最重要的是穿着。根据上文“对于在寒冷条件下跑步的人来说, 最重要的是穿合适的衣服。戴上手套。”可知B项(穿上防滑鞋子以免摔倒)与其意义一致。故选B。【规律方法】七选五题型考查学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间的关联性, 这种题一般可从以下方面来做: (1)看首段, 跳过空格快速通读全篇, 确定文章体裁, 抓住文章结构, 分析篇章结构, 了解文章大意。(2)精读空格前后两句, 利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子, 可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间
36、有一种关联性, 从而选择正确的答案。(3)通读一段再看选项, 找出与空前空后句中心词同义、近义或相关的词语。实现关键词的对接, 先易后难, 各个突破。通过阅读选项, 有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。(4)最后, 用代入法, 检查答案是否合理, 将所有选择答案放回空白处, 通读全文, 检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题, 语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑, 写作思路是否清晰明了, 格式以及用语是否恰当贴切, 从而判断选择的答案是否正确。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉
37、及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号()并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。Yesterday, I took a walk in the Panzhihua Park with my parents. The beautiful flowers were in various color. We were enjoying the scenery around when something u
38、npleasant catch my attention. Not far from us, the middle-aged woman was eating some oranges while chat with her friends. In my surprise, she threw the orange skin on the ground, totally ignoring the sign nearby which was read “No Littering”. I think it is not a good behavior throw rubbish somewhere
39、, and all of us should love our environment. As visitors, you should do something to protect the park after it becomes a huge dustbin. 答案: 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和父母去攀枝花公园散步, 看到有人到处扔垃圾。于是作者呼吁人们, 作为游客, 在公园成为一个巨大的垃圾箱之前我们应该做些事情来保护公园。1. 【解析】第二句color colors。考查名词复数。根据various“各种各样的”, 可知后面用名词复数, 故把color改成colors。2
40、. 【解析】第三句catch caught。考查时态。句意: 我们正在欣赏周围的风景, 这时候某件不愉快的事引起了我的注意。固定句式: were doing sth. . . . when. . . “正在做某事, 这时候”, 后半句用一般过去时, 故把catch改成caught。3. 【解析】第四句the a。考查不定冠词。句意: 在离我们不远的地方, 一位中年妇女在和她的朋友边聊天边吃橘子。第一次提到, 指一位中年妇女, 故把middle-aged前的the改为a。4. 【解析】第四句chat chatting。考查现在分词。此处while+ doing, 表主动且正在进行, 是while
41、引导的时间状语从句的省略, 故把chat改成chatting。5. 【解析】第五句In To。考查固定词组。to ones surprise“使某人惊讶的是”, 故把In改成To。6. 【解析】第五句read前的was去掉。考查不及物动词。句意: 她把橘子皮扔在地上, 完全无视旁边写着“禁止乱丢垃圾”的牌子。此处read(指示牌、信上等)写着, 没有被动语态, 故把句中was去掉。7. 【解析】第六句throw前面加to。考查动词不定式。句意: 我认为到处扔垃圾不是一个好行为。此处宾语从句中it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的动词不定式, 故在throw前面加to。8. 【解析】第六句some
42、where everywhere。考查地点副词。结合句意可知这里表示“处处, 到处”, 把somewhere改成everywhere。9. 【解析】第七句you we。考查人称代词。句意: 作为游客, 在公园成为一个巨大的垃圾箱之前我们应该做些事情来保护公园。结合句意可知, 把you改成we。10. 【解析】第七句after before。考查连词。结合句意可知, 把after改成before。【知识拓展】与并列连词when相关的句式归纳1. was/ were (just) about to do sth. when. . . She was just about to say someth
43、ing more when she noticed the sullen look on his face. 她刚要再说些什么, 却突然看到了他阴沉的脸色。 2. was/ were (just) on the point of doing sth. when. . . They were on the point of giving up when the captain encouraged them fiercely to save the ship. 就在他们快要放弃时, 船长极力鼓励他们去救轮船。3. was/ were going to do sth. when. . . He w
44、as going to run away, when the policemen came. 他正打算逃跑, 这时警察突然出现了。4. was/ were doing sth. when. . . The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain. 孩子们正在操场上踢足球, 这时突然下起了雨。5. had (just) done sth. when. . . I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. 在劳累了一天之后, 我刚要上床睡觉, 这时电话响了。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. various adj. 各种各样的2. scenery n. 风景; 景色3. catch ones attention 吸引某人的注意力4. totally adv. 完全地5. ignore v. 忽视11