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1、功能语言学第1页，此课件共24页哦Modality systemModality system第2页，此课件共24页哦Page 28 might-can-can-would-will-almost-certainly-need to-perhaps-would-could-can-could-could-might-could-do not need to-need to-can-can-can-can-probably-need to-sometimes-needs to-can-might-be possible to第3页，此课件共24页哦Analysis of Analysis of
2、3.1 three kinds of meaning3.1 three kinds of meaning I.On the perspective of type第4页，此课件共24页哦Commodity Exchange Speech Function Types of IntermediacyFrequencyProportion(%)InformationPropositionStatementModalizationProbability 2172.41QuestionUsuality 13.45Goods&ServicesProposalCommandModulationObliga
3、tion 56.9OfferInclination 217.24total29100第5页，此课件共24页哦 might(L)-can(L)-can(L)-would(M)-will(M)-almost(H)-certainly(H)-need to(H)-perhaps(L)-would(M)-could(L)-can(L)-could(L)-could(L)-might(L)-could(L)-do not need to(H)-need to(H)-can(L)-can(L)-can(L)-can(L)-probably(M)-need to(H)-sometimes(L)-needs
4、to(H)-can(L)-might(L)-be possible to(L)H-High M-Median L-LowII.On the perspective of value第6页，此课件共24页哦ValueProbabilityUsualityObligationInclinationFrequencyProportion(%)High almost-1 certainly-1 need to-5 724.14Medianprobably-1 would-1 would-1 will-1 413.79Lowmight-3 can-8 perhaps-1 could-4 possible
5、-1sometimes-1 1862.07Total 21 1 5 2 29100第7页，此课件共24页哦III.On the perspective of orientationIII.On the perspective of orientationOrientation refers to the basic distinction that determines how each type of modality will be realized.Based on Hallidays theory，the speakers may express their opinions in t
6、he way that makes it clear whether they are their subjective points of view or they are objective qualities of events themselves.There are some intermediate grounds of expressions between the highlighting subjectivity and creating objectivity.Besides,there are other variants in the modality，implicit
7、ness and explicitness.Implicitness is usually realized when the modality is expressed in the same clause as the main proposition，while explicitness is adopted in a projecting clause(Halliday，2000:355).第8页，此课件共24页哦System of orientation in modalitySystem of orientation in modality第9页，此课件共24页哦Analysis
8、of the 3.1-There kinds of meaningAnalysis of the 3.1-There kinds of meaningExplicit subjective:Implicit subjective:we might;we can;can you;you would;we will;need to;would be;you could;we can;we could;we could;might;we do not need to;we need to;we can;we can;we can;we can;need to;needs to;we can;Expl
9、icit objective:it could be thought that;it might be possible toImplicit objective:almost,certainly,perhaps,probably,sometimes第10页，此课件共24页哦Distribution of each orientationDistribution of each orientationmodalizationmodulationExplicit subjective00Implicit subjective147Explicit objective 20Implicit obj
10、ective50第11页，此课件共24页哦 may-must-can-must-will-can-should-would-would-can-It is possible to-can-will-need to Analysis of 4.1 IntroductionAnalysis of 4.1 Introduction第12页，此课件共24页哦 I.On the perspective of typeAnalysis of 4.1 IntroductionAnalysis of 4.1 Introduction第13页，此课件共24页哦Commodity Exchange Speech
11、Function Types of Intermediacy FrequencyProportion(%)InformationPropositionStatementModalizationProbability 11 78.57QuestionUsuality 0 0Goods&ServicesProposalCommandModulationObligation17.14OfferInclination 214.29total 14100第14页，此课件共24页哦Modalization:what the writer descibe is the possible implicatio
12、n,nor assertive nor absolute.Modulation:it is used to exchange goods and services by speech functions of proposal:command and offer.It is used in this text in a low proportion.第15页，此课件共24页哦 may(L)-must(H)-can(L)-must(H)-will(M)-can(L)-should(M)-would(M)-would(M)-can(L)-It is possible to(L)-can(L)-wi
13、ll(M)-need to(H)H-High M-Median L-LowII.On the perspective of value第16页，此课件共24页哦valueProbabilityUsualityObligationInclinationFrequencyProportion(%)High must-2 need to-1 321.43Median should-1 will-2 would-2 535.71Low may -1 can-4 possible -1 642.86total111214100第17页，此课件共24页哦Low value:open the possibi
14、lity to the readers;leave space for readers to think;lower the writers resposibility.examples in the text:Median value:prevent the expressions go to extremes.The reader would feel the writing more credible.examples in the textHigh value:1.the writer have more confidence and certainty of the informat
15、ion he provided.2.the writer expresses his high degree of expectation on the reader of carrying out the requirements.examples in the text第18页，此课件共24页哦III.On the perspective of orientationIII.On the perspective of orientationExplicit subjective:/Implicit subjective:we may;there must be;that can be;th
16、e clause must be;we will be;we can;that should help;what content would you;we would;we can;we can;we will;we first need to(modal operators)Implicit objective:/Explicit objective:it is possible to第19页，此课件共24页哦Distribution of eaeh orientationDistribution of eaeh orientationmodalizationmodulizationExpl
17、icit subjective00Implicit subjective85Implicit objective00Explicit objective10第20页，此课件共24页哦Implicit subjective:avoid the explicitness when the writer shows his own opinion and make it look as if the fact itself.(reader easily accept the information and persuasion)Explicit objective:1.hide the writer
18、s obligatio;2.Make the writers expression more objective.第21页，此课件共24页哦comparison and cotrast of two textsSimilarities:1.On the perspective of type,more modalization expressions appears in both texts.2.On the perspective of value,low value expressions take more proportion.3.On the perspective of orie
19、ntation,implicit subjective expressions are more than other kinds.4.On the perspective of polarity,positive expressions take the predominant role.第22页，此课件共24页哦Differences:1.On the perspective of value,there are more high value expression in the first text.2.On the perspective of orientation,there ar
20、e some implicit objective expressions in text1 but no in text 2.第23页，此课件共24页哦Conclusion and implicationModality is a major means to realize the interpersonal function.The analysis of these two texts in the genre of academy under the modality system make us have a clearer and more comprehensive under
21、standing about modalityof acdemic text.In an academic text,a writer has to judge very carefully the extent to which he advances a claim as certain or as still open to doubt and make his expression more credible,objective and easier to accepted by readers.So when choosing the modality,he need to take the type,value,orientation or even polarity into consideration.第24页，此课件共24页哦