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1、吉林市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）训练题（4）及答案（南京市高三第一次模拟考试） Environmentalists said our planet was doomed to die. Now one man says they are wrong. Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape, thundered a magazine article last year. Species（物种）are being driven to die out at record rates, and the rivers are so poisonou
2、s that fish are floating on the surface, dead. But theres a growing belief that what everyone takes for granted is wrong: things are actually getting better. A new book is about to overturn our most basic assumptions about the worlds environment. Rivers, seas, rain and the atmosphere are all getting
3、 cleaner. The total amount of forests in the world is not declining. The Skeptical Environmentalist by Bjorn Lomborg, professor of statistics at the University of Aarhus in Denmark, is an attack on the misleading claims of environmental groups, and the bad news culture that makes people believe ever
4、ything is getting worse. Now the attacks are increasingly coining from left-wing environmentalists such as Lomborg, a former member of Greenpeace. The accusation is that, although the environment is improving, green groups with profits of hundreds of mil-lions of pounds a year are using scare tactic
5、s(谋略)to gain donations. Lomborgs book doesnt deny global warming probably the biggest environmental threat but destroys almost every other environmental claim with many official statistics. The Worldwatch Institute claims that deforestation has been accelerating over the last 30 years. But Lomborg s
6、ays that is simply rubbish. Since the dawn of agriculture the world has lost about 20 per cent of its forest cover, but in recent decades the forest areas depleting has come to a stop. According to UN figures, the area of forests has remained almost steady, at about 30 per cent of total land area, s
7、ince the 1940s. Forests in countries such as the US, the UK and Canada have actually been expanding over the past 40 years. Despite all the warnings the Amazon rainforest has only shrunk（缩小）by about 15 per cent. Nor are all our species dying out. Some campaigners claim that 50 per cent of all specie
8、s will have died out within 50 years. But other studies show only 0.08 per cent of species are dying out each year. Conservation efforts have been successful. Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list. Environmental groups claim that many of the improvements are t
9、he results of the success of their campaigns. Stephen Tindale, director of Greenpeace UK, said, There are important examples, such as acid rain and ozone, where things arent as bad as predicted, and thats because behavior has changed.(1)In his book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, what is Lomborgs m
10、ain argument?AOur planet is in bad shape.BThe worlds environment is improving.CThe total amount of forests in the world is not declining.DConservation efforts have been successful.(2)What is Lomborgs main accusation of environmentalists?AThey scared people into making donations.BThey overturned our
11、basic assumptions about the worlds environment.CThey changed their behavior toward the environment.DThey only told people bad news about the environment.(3)The underlined word depleting in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.Areducing BlimitingCexpandingDaccelerating(4)According to the passage, w
12、hich of the following statements is true?AThe total area of forests in the world has increased significantly.BThe effects of global warming are not as bad as first expected.CIt appears that the bald eagle will now survive.DIn the last 50 years the number of whales has increased.【解析】 “环境一直在变坏，我们的星球末日
13、将要来临”，这是环保主义者们发出的警告，然而 Lomborg 的新书却提出了完全相反的观点，他批驳了环保主义者们耸人听闻的言论。 (1)B 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第一段与第三段可知 Lomborg 在 The Skeptical Environmentalist 中的观点 (argument) 是环境状况正在改善，因此选项B正确，C项只是他观点的一部分，不全面，故排除。(2)A 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的第二句话可知 Lomborg 指责环保主义者们利用恐吓手段让人们捐款。(3)A 本题考查猜测词义。第五段 Lomborg 通过一些数据反驳了 The Worldwatch Ins
14、titute 的观点 deforestation has been acceleration over the last 30 years ，Lomborg 认为在最近几十年森林面积的缩小已经停止，因此选择 reducing。(4)C 本题考查细节判断。根据文章倒数第二段中的 Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list 可知秃鹰已经不属于濒危的物种了，由此可知C项正确。*结束7、（浙江省温州市2011年高三第一次适应性测试） RentalsNYC. East 7 l st Stree
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19、S：somewhere between the seminar room and the pub，we talk literature from surprising angles. Listen for free at http.adamsmyth. Topics so far：food and literature；bad literature；soccer and literature.BooksBOOK SEARCH. Old，rare，and out-of-print books. Marsha J. Shapiro：355 west 85th Street，A pc.77，New
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23、e person with the email address of bdsmac want to find_. A. an experienced researcher to work with B. someone to teach French and English C. a job to work as an excellent assistant D. a researcher willing to travel to Geneva(3)If you want to buy some out-of-print books，you can dial_. A. (617)66l一384
24、9 B. (561)6018202 C. (212)7990695 D. (212)5954219(4)65-vear-old Douglas cant stand loneliness any more. He could get help from_. A. Psychotherapy B. Personals C. Exchange D. Rentals【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了几类实用的广告以及它们的相关信息。 (1)D事实细节题。从Rentals部分可以看出，如果你要在纽约租房子可以发送邮件到centerperform，由此答案选D项。(2)C事实细节题。从Position
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26、ight be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or stuck behind a very slow driver. It might be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something which happens more and more often and there is now a spec
27、ial term for it “road rage”. Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this “illness” of road rage?There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different f
28、orms:Driving much faster than the speed limit.Increasing your speed very quickly.Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn or flashing the headlights.Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car.Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park.There are
29、 also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include:Making rude signs at people.Shouting at people and threatening them.Deliberately driving into another persons car.Hitting somebody.Using a weapon such as a baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife.Road rage is certainly not a
30、 joke. There have been incidents of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even murder.Experts think that one reason for road rage is that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive.Experts also think that
31、the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough.Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled, but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, the police have been quite successful in reducing the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop pe
32、ople using mobile phones when they are driving. Lets hope they can have the same success with the road rage.48. Which of the following statements does NOT describe aggressive driving?A. Driving much faster than the speed limit.B. Drinking and drivingC. Moving into a parking space where another car i
33、s trying to park.D. Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car.49. Road rage happens possibly because_.A. the drivers are drunkB. it wont cause serious injuries or deathC. were in a fast-changing societyD. the punishments are not serious enough50. Whats the tone（语气）of the last paragraph?A. SadB. ColdC.OptimisticD. Exciting参考答案（D） 48-50 BDC；*结束- 9 -