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1、考点规范练38 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions.阅读理解A(2017全国)A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,its an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,y
2、ou must carry the necessary equipment with you,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water.These pieces can be fold
3、ed into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the t
4、ube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 4
5、5-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,an
6、d fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.Its delicate.B.Its expensive.C.Its complex.D.Its portabl
7、e.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheets center down.D.Cover the hole with the pl
8、astic sheet.4.When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheetBBrooke Martins golden retriever(金毛猎犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people ha
9、d the same problem with their pets.She wondered:“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?”Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.“T
10、he dog doesnt have to answer the call,”explains Brooke.“It comes up immediately on the screen on its end.Its a two-way audio and videoyou can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists
11、 in a young scientist competition for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St.Paul,Minn.After Martins video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Educatio
12、n 3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product development scientist in 3Ms consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which c
13、ombines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dogs end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.“One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-A
14、nderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cu
15、t grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids dont get buried in data,”she said.5.Which of the following would be the best tit
16、le of the text?A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competitionB.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs hungerC.A man-made device lets people chat with their petsD.A kid-invented device calms dogs separation anxiety6.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by .A.allowing video chatB.making dogs sleepC.answe
17、ring the callD.giving them food7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”?A.Competitors.B.Assistants.C.Instructors.D.Companions.8.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B.They are possible solutions to everyday prob
18、lems.C.They cope with the problems related to computers.D.They are all accomplished through individual work.七选五阅读The Model T,created by Henry Ford,changed the way Americans live,work and travel.1 The car came only in black.But at $850,it cost about half as much as other cars on the market.Henry Ford
19、s great improvement in an automobile assembly line(汽车装配线) made the Model T the first car to be affordable for most Americans.2Assembly-line production allowed the price of the touring car to be lowered from $850 in 1908 to less than $300 in 1925.3 Even before it lost favour to larger and more powerf
20、ul cars,the Model T,known as the “Tin Lizzie,” had become an American symbol,basically realizing Fords goal to “democratize the automobile.”Henry Ford founded the Ford Motor Company in 1903.At first,Ford built only a few cars a day.Because demand for Model Ts was so high,Ford developed a way to make
21、 more of them without increasing cost.4Workers stood in front of a conveyor belt(传送带),and each completed one step in putting the cars together.Fords method of mass production changed life in the U.S.More people could travel.Highways grew.The Ford Motor Company stopped making the Model T in 1927.But
22、the automotive lifestyle had taken hold of America.Today,the race is on to make cars more efficient and to find green energy to power them.5A.In 1913,he invented a moving assembly line.B.The Model T was offered in several body styles.C.Will inventors with Fords creativity bring the next revolution?D
23、.At that time half of all the cars in the United States were Model Ts.E.On October 1,1908,the Ford Motor Company introduced the Model T.F.Between 1913 and 1927,Ford factories produced more than 15 million Model Ts.G.For the first time car ownership became a reality for normal American workers,not ju
24、st the wealthy.短文改错I once took part in a speech contest.Such difficult was the topic that I completely had no idea about it.Even a time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopeful and wanted to give up.And deep in my heart I didnt want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and take the contest
25、 seriously.I kept remind myself,“If I try my best,I wont feel regretful,whichever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my goal.At the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it.考点规范练38(选修8Unit3).【解题导语】美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器。在水资源短缺的区域,这是一种非
26、常不错的获得饮用水的设备。1.D推理判断题。从文章第一段的“Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.”可知,这种集水器设备携带起来很方便。人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上。2.B词义猜测题。从文章第二段的“Toconstructaworkingstill.”和画线词后的productivity可推断出画线部分指的是thestill。3.C细节理解题。从文章第三段的“Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithd
27、irtandweightingthesheetscenterdownwitharock.”可知,用塑料布把洞穴覆盖,并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢。最后把一块石头压在塑料布的中心。因此选C项。4.D推理判断题。从文章最后一段的“Groundwaterevaporatesandcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.”可知,这种蒸馏器的工作原理是创造一个温室。地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴,然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到杯子里。【解题导语】本文介绍了一位16岁的
28、中学生发明了一种远程照顾宠物狗的设备,并因此进入探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的前十名。5.D主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位16岁的中学生发明了一种设备,这种设备能让狗和主人视频,让狗在主人离开时不感到焦虑,故选D项。6.A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“.adevicethatallowedpetownerstovideochatwiththeirpets!”可知,iCPooch通过让狗主人和狗视频聊天,从而让狗安静下来。故选A项。7.C词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Thesefinalists.areworkingwithmentorsoverthesummer.”可知,这次青年科学家挑战赛的
29、决赛选手已经和指导者一起工作了一个夏天,画线词应表示“指导者”,故选C项。最后一段的withtheguidancefromamentor也是提示。8.B细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第二句“Theirprojectsincludeafuelcell.andanappthatrewardsdriversfornottextingorcalling.”可知,这些决赛选手的发明可能帮助解决日常生活中的问题,故选B项。.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了福特汽车公司的T型汽车,它改变了美国人生活、工作和出行的方式。1.E根据下文的“Thecarcameonlyinblack.”可知,所填的句子应该是引出下文的
30、过渡句,E项“1908年10月1日,福特汽车公司推出了T型汽车”符合语境。2.G根据上文提到的“亨利福特在汽车装配线上的巨大改进使T型汽车成为大多数美国人买得起的第一辆车”可知,G项可以和上文构成因果关系。3.D上文提到一个时间“in1925”,D项中的“Atthattime.”可与之相衔接。4.A根据下文的“Workersstoodinfrontofaconveyorbelt.”可知,此处介绍的是汽车装配线,所以选A项。5.C上文提到“今天,人们正在争相提高汽车的效率,并寻找绿色能源来为汽车提供动力”,由此可知,C项“拥有福特创造力的发明家会带来下一次革命吗?”可承接上文。.Ioncetoo
31、kpartinaspeechcontest.SuchSo difficult was the topic that I completely had no idea about it.Even athe time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopefulhopeless and wanted to give up.AndBut deep in my heart I didnt want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and taketook the contest seriously.I kept remindreminding myself,“If I try my best,I wont feel regretful,whicheverwhatever the result is.”In the following days I struggled for my goal.AtIn the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it.6