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1、Unit 4 Earthquakes一、 词汇联想串记1_ (vt.)损害；伤害injury (n.)伤害；损害injured (adj.)受伤的2_ (n.)电；电流；电学electric (adj.)用电的；带电的electrical (adj.)与电有关的；电学的3_ (vt.)使惊吓；吓唬frightened (adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的frightening (adj.)令人恐惧的4_ (n.)祝贺；_ (复数)贺词congratulate (vt.)祝贺高频单词1burst vt. & vi.(使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；爆发n突然破裂；爆发教材原句In the c
2、ity, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。方法规律 部分同学对burst into和burst out后面跟什么形式分不清，名师告诉你：into是介词，后面当然要接名词，如tears，laughter等；out是副词，后面须用现在分词作状语，如crying，laughing等。另外，burst in中的in是副词，不接宾语，需接宾语时用into。在burst with名词中，with表示原因。你记住了吗？My English teachers humor was such as
3、to make every student _ _ _.我的英语老师的幽默就是如此(好笑)，以至于每个同学都哈哈大笑起来。Hearing the news, she _ _ _.听到这个消息，她突然哭了起来。Last night the room _ _ _ but nothing was taken away.昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。He felt he would burst with anger and shame.他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.他
4、一登上台就博得一阵热烈的掌声。巧学助记 burst的多层含义答案：burst into laughter/burst out laughingburst into tears/burst out cryingwas burst into2.event n事件，大事；(体育比赛等的)项目，赛事教材原句But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events,_were asleep as usual that night.(P26)但是那天晚上城市里的一百万市民还像平常一样在睡觉，对此事不以为然。When
5、 will the field and track events be held?田径赛将在什么时候举行？词语辨析accident指“意外的事”，事故。event通常指较重要的事件，“大事”incident常指较小的事件；也可指可能会发展成战争等的政治事件。用incident，accident，event的适当形式填空。Which _ have you entered for in the school sports meet?A strange _ happened in the wedding ceremony.There was a car _ yesterday, which caus
6、ed three deaths.答案：eventsincidentaccident3ruin nU毁坏；毁灭；崩溃C(pl.)废墟；遗迹v(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭教材原句In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(P26)在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。必会be/lie in ruins成为废墟(注意复数形式)bring sb. to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产拓展come/fall to/into ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉ruin ones health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉The whol
7、e city _ _ _ after Wenchuan Earthquake.汶川地震之后，这座城市成为了废墟。That small mistake _ _ _ of getting the job.那个小错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。The farm has long been abandoned and come to ruin.这家农场很早就已废弃了，成了废墟。Drink was your fathers ruin and itll be the ruin of you, too.喝酒毁了你父亲，也会毁了你的。词语辨析ruin表示“毁灭，毁坏”，是指在一定过程中逐渐对物体进行破坏，使其
8、毁灭。也可用于抽象意义。damage表示“损害，损坏”，通常是指对物体的部分的损害，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能可能降低，但这种破坏具有可修复性。damage也可用于指抽象意义。可用作动词或名词，作名词时与介词to搭配，如cause damage to。destroy表示“毁坏”，通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭，其功能无法或难以修复，也可用于损坏抽象的东西，如名誉、计划、契约等。巧学助记After the collision, he examined the considerable damage to his car. Fortunately it was not completely ruined
9、/destroyed.撞车之后，他检查了受重创的车。所幸的是车还没完全报废。答案：was/lay in ruinsruined his chance He suffered serious injuries to the arms and legs. 他的胳膊和腿都受了重伤。The young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin was swimming.那位年轻妇女进入了那个水池，一头受伤的海豚正在水池里游动。I know drinking can _ _ _. 我知道喝酒对人健康有害。She _ _ while skating.她
10、在滑冰时受了伤。_ _ were taken to the hospital.受伤者被送进了医院。词语辨析injure多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害wound指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤hurt多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛harm指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语do harm to “对有害”。答案：injure ones healthwas injured/injured herselfThe injured5track n轨道；行踪；路径教材原句The railway t
11、racks were now useless pieces of steel.(P26)火车铁轨现在却变成了无用的钢条。名师点拨follow sb.s track跟踪某人/tracks in the snow雪地上的足迹/a track through a forest林中小道/a single (double) track单(双)轨/track events径赛项目6trap vt.使陷入困境；困住；诱骗n陷阱；困境；圈套教材原句Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.(P26)有些救援人员和医生
12、被困在废墟下。必会be trapped in困在中；陷在中trap sb. into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事拓展lay/set a trap设置陷阱；布下圈套walk/fall into a trap钻入/落入陷阱或圈套The firefighters rescued a boy who _ _ in the burning house.消防队员从失火的房子里救出了一个被困的男孩。She was trapped _ _ him. 她被诱骗嫁给了他。答案：was trappedinto marrying7bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入教材原句The ar
13、my organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(P26)救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。必会(1)be buried in 埋头于；专心于be buried/lost in thought 沉思(2)bury oneself in study埋头研究；专心学习bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面The paper _ _ under a pile of books.那份文件被埋在书堆里了。He has learned to _ _ _.他学会
14、了掩饰内心的情感。由于他埋头于书本，他不知道外面下雨了。(一句多译)his books, he didnt know it was raining outside.方法规律be buried in和be absorbed/lost in意思相似，注意介词in的使用。另外还有fix/focus ones attention on和pay attention to。答案：was buriedbury his feelingsa.As he buried himself inbAs he was buried in cBuried in8shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊n休克；打击；震惊必会
15、be shocked at/by 对感到震惊a great shock 令人震惊的人或事be a shock to sb.对某人来说是个打击shocking adj.令人震惊的The news of his death in the flood was shocking,_and all his employees got shocked at it.他在洪灾中遇难的消息令人震惊，他的所有员工都对此感到震惊。I _ _ _ his wild idea.我因他的狂妄想法而震惊。His death _ _ _ to us all.他的去世对我们来说是一个打击。答案：was shocked by/a
16、twas a shock9shelter nU掩蔽；遮蔽；庇护；栖身地vi.躲避vt.提供庇护所教材原句Workers built shelters for survivors who.(P26)工人们为那些幸存者搭起帐篷。必会take shelter from躲避under the shelter of在的庇护下；受的保护a bus shelter公共汽车亭拓展give sb. shelter庇护某人shelter sb./sth. from庇护某人/某物免受We _ _ _ the rain in a bus stop. It was a good shelter here.我们在一个公共
17、汽车站里避雨，这儿是一个很好的庇护场所。Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.每个路灯伞都会为几个人提供足够的遮蔽。答案：took shelter from10judge vt.断定；判断；判决n裁判员；法官教材原句Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,_all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(P26)五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。必会judge.from/by
18、.从来判断as far as I can judge据我判断；我认为judging by/from从上看；根据判断拓展judgement n. 判断；审判；意见；判断力in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法It is true that we cant judge a book by its cover.我们不能以貌取人，此话没错。_ _ his expression, he was satisfied with my work.从他的表情判断，他对我的工作很满意。As far as I can judge, it is he rather than you is to
19、blame.据我判断，是他而不是你该受责备。名师点拨judging from/by表示“从上看，根据来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的形式。答案：Judging from/by二、 短语1think little/nothing of以为没什么了不起；对满不在乎；轻视；忽视教材原句But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.(P26)但唐山市的一百万居民几乎都
20、没把这些情况当回事儿，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了She cant get along well with her classmates because she often _ _ _ others.她无法与她的同学友好相处，因为她经常说别人的坏话。I dont think much of her idea.我认为她的主意不怎么样。She sang high praise for the teacher, although she complained about his strictness.尽管抱怨老师过于严格，她还是高度赞扬他。名师点拨当think highly/well/much of.用于
21、被动语态结构时，副词应放于其修饰的动词前，即be highly/well/much thought of。His work _ _ _ _ by the critics.他的作品深受评论家推崇。答案：speaks ill ofis well/highly thought of2at an end结束；终结教材原句It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)好像世界末日到了。(2012广东阅读A)As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end.一听到这句话，你就知道会议要结束了。必会
22、at the end of在尽头，在末端by the end of.到结束时，到时候为止(与完成时连用)in the end最后，终于come to an end结束拓展put/bring sth. to an end结束make (both) ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出；靠微薄收入为生end up结束，告终方法规律at an end后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接时间名词，也可接地点名词；by the end of后面接表示时间的名词，谓语要与完成时连用：by the end of过去时间，谓语用过去完成时；by the end of将来时间，
23、谓语用将来完成时。Hes going to relax with friends once the exams are _ _ _ and he has exciting plans for the summer holidays.考试一结束他就去和朋友一起放松一下，他的暑假计划很激动人心。By the end of last year, he _ learned two thousand English words.到去年底为止，他已学了2000个英语单词。They decided to _ _ _ _ the quarrel.他们决定结束争吵。At first he refused to
24、accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。答案：at an endhadput an end to3a (great) number of许多；大量的教材原句Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27)那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。必会可数名词复数单数可数名词单数谓语动词必会不可数名词We received a good many
25、offers of support.我们收到了许多支持的建议。He said the police had found huge quantities of explosives during the search operation.他说警方在进行搜查时发现了大量的爆炸物品。Large quantities of polluted water _ (pour) into the river.大量的污水已被倾注到河里。Now _ _ _ college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job. But _ _ _ posts available
26、for them is often not enough.现在，很多大学毕业生都想谋求高工资的工作。但是提供给他们的职位数量通常不足。名师点拨the number of意为“的数量”，其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词。用作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式。a great/large quantity of.作主语时，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of.作主语时，谓语动词用复数。答案：have been poureda number of/a great/good many；the number of三、句型1too.to.结构教材原句In the farmyards,
27、the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.(P26)在农家大院里，鸡甚至是猪都紧张得不想进食。句式分析句中too nervous to eat属于too.to.结构，意为：如此以至于不。Its too good an opportunity to miss.那是太好的一次机会而不能错过。 方法规律(1)too.to.与not或never连用时，不定式为肯定意义。not/never too.to.意为“无论也不过分，越越好”。Its _ _ careful to cross the road.过马路时越小心越好。(2)当too.
28、to.用来修饰表示态度、情绪、倾向等的形容词(如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing)时，不定式为肯定意义。He is _ _ to follow others advice.他极愿意接受别人的意见。答案：not/never tootoo willing2“It seems that/as if句子”句式教材原句It seemed as_if the world was at an end！(P26)仿佛到了世界末日！句式分析as ifas though“好像，仿佛”，在句中引导表语从句。方法规律(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或
29、是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。如例(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。如例若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式，be动词通常用were；表示与过去事实相反的情况，用had过去分词；表示与将来事实相反，则用would动词原形。It looks as if it is going to snow.看起来似乎要下雪。When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as_if it _ broken.当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。He talked abo
30、ut Rome as if he _ _ there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。名师点拨如果as if 引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be 动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。He opened his mouth as if to say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。答案：werehad been3部分否定和全部否定结构教材原句All hope was not lost.(P26)并不是所有的希望都破灭了。句式分析该句是表示部分否定的句型。all.not.not all.，意为“并
31、非所有的都”。方法规律(1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非都”。(2)no，none，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。All the students did not go to see the movie “Under the Hawthorn Tree”_ _ _ _ went to see the movie “Under the Hawthorn Tree”并非所有的
32、学生都去看电影山楂树之恋了。Every boy is not interested in sports._ _ _ is interested in sports.并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。All friends do not study well._(变为同义句)_(变为完全否定句)答案：Not all the studentsNot every boyNot all of my friends
33、study well；None of my friends study well四、语法定语从句()1(2013湖南改编)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.答案：who句意：快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。分析句子成分可知，“_ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定语从句，修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。2Nowadays almost everyone pref
34、ers to use a smart mobile phone _ functions are more practical.答案：whose考查定语从句。先行词a smart mobile phone与从句中functions构成所属关系，故用关系代词whose。3“God，please dont let anything happen today _ I cant handle. ”This was my daily prayer during my first year of teaching.答案：that考查定语从句。句意：上帝，今天请不要发生任何我无法处理的事情，这是我第一年教学时
35、每天要祈祷的。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词为不定代词anything。故用that不用which。4What does the notice say?All the storytellers should meet at the same hall _ won the first three prizes.答案：who/that根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句“_ won the first three prizes”缺少主语，先行词“All the storytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。5The Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.答案：which/that分析句子结构可知，“_almost all tourists would like to visit”为定语从句，修饰先行词the place，关系代词在从句中充当visit的宾语，故填which或that。