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1、课题八 绕线转子异步电动机的控制线路本讲稿第一页,共四十九页一、转子绕组串接电阻启动控制线路 1.转子串接三相电阻启动原理转子串接三相电阻启动原理 启动时,在转子回路串入作启动时,在转子回路串入作Y形连接、分级切换的三形连接、分级切换的三相启动电阻器,以减小启动电流、增加启动转矩。随着电动相启动电阻器,以减小启动电流、增加启动转矩。随着电动机转速的升高,逐级减小可变电阻。启动完毕后,切除可变机转速的升高,逐级减小可变电阻。启动完毕后,切除可变电阻器,转子绕组被直接短接,电动机便在额定状态下运行。电阻器,转子绕组被直接短接,电动机便在额定状态下运行。转子串接三转子串接三相对称电阻相对称电阻器器
2、转子串接三转子串接三相不对称电相不对称电阻器阻器本讲稿第二页,共四十九页2.按钮操作控制线路按钮操作控制线路本讲稿第三页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1KM1M33FU2KHSB5QSSB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM R1R2R3KHSB2SB3SB4电路组成分析电路组成分析KM本讲稿第四页,共四十九页L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4合上合上QS按下按下SB1绕线转子串联全绕线转子串联全部电阻启动部电阻启动FU1FU2QSM3KHKH本讲稿第五页,共四十九页M3L1L2L3KM
3、13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB2KM1线圈得电线圈得电KM1触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联R2,R3启动启动FU1FU2QSKHKH本讲稿第六页,共四十九页M3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB3KM2线圈得电线圈得电KM2触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联R3启动启动FU1FU2QSKHKH本讲稿第七页,共四十九页M3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1K
4、MKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB4KM3线圈得电线圈得电KM3触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子切除绕线转子切除全部电阻运行全部电阻运行FU1FU2QSKHKH本讲稿第八页,共四十九页M3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMSB2SB3SB4松开松开SB4电动机继续运行电动机继续运行R1R2R3FU1FU2QSKHKH本讲稿第九页,共四十九页3.时间继电器自动控制线路时间继电器自动控制线路 本讲稿第十页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1KM1M3 3FU2KHSB2QSSB1KM2KM3KMKMKT3KM3KM2KM1KM3
5、KM2KM1KMR1KT1KT2KT3R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KH电路组成分析电路组成分析本讲稿第十一页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第十二页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联全绕线转子串联全部电阻启
6、动部电阻启动KT1线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第十三页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT1延时闭合触延时闭合触头闭合头闭合KM1线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第十四页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM1触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联R2,R3启
7、动启动KT2线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第十五页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT2延时闭合触延时闭合触头闭合头闭合KM2线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第十六页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM2触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联R3启动启动KT3
8、线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第十七页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT3延时闭合延时闭合触头闭合触头闭合KM3线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第十八页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子切除绕线转子切除全部电阻运行全部电阻运行KM1
9、KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第十九页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3动断触头断开动断触头断开KT1线圈失电线圈失电KT1触头断开触头断开KM1线圈失电线圈失电KM1触头断开触头断开KT2线圈失电线圈失电KT2触头断开触头断开电动机继续运转电动机继续运转KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第二十页,共四十九页4.电流继电器自动控制电路电流继电器自动控制电路本讲稿第二十一页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1M3 3
10、FU2KHSB2QSSB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KHKA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3电路组成分析电路组成分析本讲稿第二十二页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM线圈得电线圈得电FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第二十三页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA
11、2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KM触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联全部电阻启动全部电阻启动K线圈得电线圈得电FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第二十四页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KA动合触头闭动合触头闭合合因启动电流大因启动电流大,KA1,KA2.KA3的动断触头断开的动断触头断开,继续串联全部继续串联全部电阻启动电阻启动FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第二十五页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1K
12、AKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度加快,电因速度加快,电流减小,流减小,KA1欠电流欠电流,动断触头闭合动断触头闭合KM1线圈得电线圈得电KM1触头闭合串触头闭合串联联R2,R3继续继续启动启动FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第二十六页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快电因速度再加快电流继续减小流继续减小 KA2欠电流欠电流,动动断触头闭合断触头闭合KM2线圈得电线圈得电KM2触头闭合触头闭合串联串
13、联R3继续启继续启动动FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第二十七页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快电因速度再加快电流继续减小流继续减小 KA3欠电流欠电流,动动断触头闭合断触头闭合KM3线圈得电线圈得电KM3触头闭合切触头闭合切除全部电阻全速除全部电阻全速运行运行FU2KHQSKH本讲稿第二十八页,共四十九页二、转子绕组串联频敏变阻器启动控制线路频敏变阻器是一种阻抗值随频率明显变化、静止的无频敏变阻器是一种阻抗值随频率明显变化、静止的无触点电磁元件。
14、它实质上是一个铁心损耗非常大的三相电触点电磁元件。它实质上是一个铁心损耗非常大的三相电抗器。在电动机启动时,将频敏变阻器串接在转子绕组中,抗器。在电动机启动时,将频敏变阻器串接在转子绕组中,启动完毕短接切除频敏变阻器。启动完毕短接切除频敏变阻器。本讲稿第二十九页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1FU2QSKM1KM1KM2RFKTKM2M3 KM1KHSB2SB1KTKM2KM2KM23电路组成分析电路组成分析KH本讲稿第三十页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM1线圈得电线圈得电KT线圈得电线圈得电KTKM2KM1
15、KM2FU2QSKHKH本讲稿第三十一页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KM1触头闭合触头闭合电动机串联频电动机串联频敏电阻启动敏电阻启动KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKH本讲稿第三十二页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT延时闭合触延时闭合触头闭合头闭合KM2线圈得电线圈得电KM2触头闭合触头闭合切除频敏电阻切除频敏电阻电动机全速运电动机全速运行行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKH本讲稿第三十三页,共四十九页L1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KT
16、KM2KM23KT线圈失电线圈失电KT延时闭合触头延时闭合触头复位复位电动机继续全电动机继续全速运行速运行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKH本讲稿第三十四页,共四十九页三、凸轮控制器控制线路中、小容量绕线转子异步电动机的启动、调速及正反转中、小容量绕线转子异步电动机的启动、调速及正反转控制,常常采用凸轮控制器来实现,以简化操作,如桥式起控制,常常采用凸轮控制器来实现,以简化操作,如桥式起重机上大部分采用这种控制线路。重机上大部分采用这种控制线路。本讲稿第三十五页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6
17、SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3电路组成分析电路组成分析KMKM本讲稿第三十六页,共四十九页正转本讲稿第三十七页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3合上合上QS,按下按下SB1
18、KMKM本讲稿第三十八页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3KM触头闭合触头闭合KMKM本讲稿第三十九页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA
19、10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正”位置位置KMKM本讲稿第四十页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正”位置位置KMKM本讲稿第四十一页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12
20、SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正”位置位置KMKM本讲稿第四十二页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到
21、“正正”位置位置KMKM本讲稿第四十三页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正”位置位置KMKM本讲稿第四十四页,共四十九页反转本讲稿第四十五页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 5432101
22、2345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3合上合上QS,按下按下SB1KMKM本讲稿第四十六页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3KM触头闭合触头闭合KMKM本讲稿第四十七页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8A
23、C9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“反反”位置位置KMKM本讲稿第四十八页,共四十九页L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正”位置位置KMKM本讲稿第四十九页,共四十九页