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1、英语五大基本句型及练习 基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。句型一：主语+不及物动词 不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park . 句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语e.g. The machin
2、eworkssmoothly. (机器运转正常。)2.There +不及物动词+主语e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . There comes the bus . 3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)特别提醒动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。e.g. They stopped taking a rest . 句型二：主
3、语+系动词+表语系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。e.g. My sister is a nurse . I feel quite hungry . The ball isunder the desk . 句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。e.g. We are learning English .Do you know him ?Your radio needs repairing .Shehopesto see her uncle. 句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾
4、语有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt. Give me the book, please.特别提醒A. 在此句型中，通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her . Give the book to me , please . 直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教
5、) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给) 间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏) B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。e.g.I handed it to our teacher . 不能说：I handed our teacher it
6、.C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother. 句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor. The news made us sad. She saw the thief
7、steal into the shop . The teacher asked me to answer the question . I found the man stealing the money . I found my money stolen .特别提醒A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等
8、动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g. We hear her sing next door.She is heard to sing next door .C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。e.g. They saw him steal the old mans money. He was seen to steal the old mans money .英语五大基本句型练习1.I am sorry to have kept you _. a.wait b. to wait c. waiting d. waited 2.She f
9、ound her dog _over by a car on the road. a. run b. ran d. to run d. running3. Rose is going to have her hair _. a. do b. done c. did d. doing 4. She felt somebody _her. a. touched b. touches c. touch d. to touch5. She taught him _speak English. a. how b. how could he c. how he could d. how to 6.He d
10、idnt enjoy the play because he _. a. was boring b. bored c. was bored d. boring 7.I will make your dream _. a. comes true b. to come true c. coming truly d. come true8.He warned _home .a. us to not go b. us not to go c. we not go d. us not go 9. Canned food does not go _. a. bed easily b. badly easy
11、 c. bad easy d. badly easily10.The sad news kept her _all the night. a. awake b. waken c. wake d. to wake 11.I think _a bad habit to get up late . a. that b. it c. this d. its 12.He found his money _. a. steal b. stealing c. stolen d. to steal 13.Roses in bloom smell _. a. sweetly b. sweet c. sweete
12、n d. sweetness14.We must have the machine _. a. to repair b. repairing c. repair d. repaired 15.She was lying in the sofa _a book. a. reading b. read c. to read d. to reading 16.A television set will keep us _of the news of the day. a. inform b. to inform c. informed d. informing17.The speaker found
13、 himself _all alone.a. left b. leave c. leaving d. to leave18.The speaker found himself _.a. misunderstand b. misunderstanding c. misunderstood d. to misunderstand 19.-My watch is broken. Why dont you _.a. take a repairer your watch b. take your watch a repairer c. take to a repairer it d. take it t
14、o a repairer 20.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldnt find _the hotel.a. how to return to b. how you could go for c. the way back for d. the way back to 21.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother _. a. made a cake to me b. made a cake me c. made for me a cake d. made me a cake22. The tea
15、cher _John a good student. a. believes b. knows c. suggests d. considers23.Its a fine day. Lets go boating, _? a. will we b. dont we c. wont we d. shall we24.Dont smoke in the classroom, _? a. will you b. do you c. dont you d. wont you 25.He seldom has lunch at home, _he? a. has b. hasnt c. does d.
16、doesnt26.We had to get up early, _we? a. didnt b. dont c. had d. did27.You had Tom do the job, _you? a. did b. didnt c. had d. hadnt28.Let us have another look, _you? a. will b. would c. wont d. wouldnt29.Nobody came, _? a. didnt he b. didnt they c. did he d. did they 30.We ought to hand it in today
17、, _we? a. oughtnt b. dont c. shouldnt d. wont31.Wed better wait for ten more minutes, _?a. hadnt we b. dont we c. didnt we d. wouldnt we 32. Id like a sandwich, _? a. would you b. do you c. couldnt you d. dont you33.This is the third time this week John has had to study late, _? a. hasnt heb. isnt h
18、ec. hasnt itd. isnt it 34.You and I did it together, _?a. didnt I b. didnt you c. did you d. didnt we 35.They should have completed it earlier, _?a. should they b. shouldnt they c. have they d. havent they36. You may take it if you want to, _? a. maynt you b. dont you c. shouldnt you d. wont you37.Y
19、ou must have told Mr. Smith the secret, _?a. mustnt you b. must you c. havent you d. have you 38.She disliked the skirt his father bought her, _? a. did she b. didnt she c. was she d. wasnt she 39.Tom said he was not there then, _? a. didnt he b. did he c. wasnt he d. was he 40. I suppose he is hone
20、st , _? a. dont I b. do I C. isnt he d. is he 41. I dont think he is serious, _? a. dont I b. do I C. isnt he d. is he42.Shes finished the job, _she ? a. doesnt b. isnt c. wasnt d. hasnt 43. You arent a teacher, are you? a. Yes, I am not b. No, I am c. No, but I was d. Yes, I wasnt44.- _is your sist
21、er? -She is a teacher in a middle school. a. Who b. What c. Which d. Where45.-How are your parents? -_.a. They are doctors b. They like sweet food c. They are fine d. They are fifty46. -_will you get married to him. -In a month.a. How soon b. How long c. How often d. How much 47. There _two films th
22、is week in our school. a. is b. have c. have been d. has 48. There _a lot of news about the fire on TV last night. a. was b. had c. were d. is 49.There used to be a temple there, _?a. usednt it b. used there c. didnt it d. didnt there 50. There _ a stream in front of our house. a. lies b. has c. stand d. lie