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1、三十二选修7 Unit 2Robots(限时35分钟). 阅读理解A(2021威海模拟)Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso and Leonardo da Vinci . . . the art world has never lacked talent. And now, a new painter is ready to join the list, although this one isnt even human. Next month, auction house(拍卖行) Christies Prints and Multiples will make hist
2、ory by offering the first piece of art created by artificial intelligence for sale. The painting is a portrait of a man called Edmond De Belamy, and is expected to be sold for up to $10, 000 (69, 000 yuan). The work, which features a man with a mysterious look on his face, was created by software de
3、veloped by the French art group Obvious. Nicholas Laugero Lasserre, an art collector from France, called the work “ridiculous and amazing at the same time”. This isnt the first example of AI-produced artwork, as AI has already been used to write poems and compose songs. However, many people doubt wh
4、ether it should be called art at all. According to Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, art is about creating emotion. Its “a means of. . . joining people together in the same feelings”, he once said. So, if the emotion behind art is what makes the art, the ability to create and use tools is what makes human
5、 beings different from other species. And as a tool itself, the AI technology used to create the portrait is the result of a lot of effort made by several designers. Together, they “fed” the AI a huge collection of paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, until it was able to work out how to m
6、ake similar paintings of its own. The introduction of AI art could be the beginning of a new artistic movement. However, not everyone is ready to welcome these high-tech artists just yet. 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了下个月佳士得拍卖行将首次拍卖由人工智能创造的艺术品, 这幅名为爱德蒙德贝拉米的男子肖像画将创造新历史。人工智能艺术的引入可能是一场新的艺术运动的开始, 但是未来发展情况如何, 谁都不清楚
7、。1. Why are Monet, Picasso and da Vinci mentioned at the beginning of the passage? A. To list world famous talented artists. B. To introduce a new painter as great as them. C. To show the prosperity of the art world. D. To highlight the inhuman painter by contrast. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段Claude Monet, Pa
8、blo Picasso and Leonardo da Vinci . . . the art world has never lacked talent. And now, a new painter is ready to join the list, although this one isnt even human. 克劳德莫奈、巴勃罗毕加索和列奥纳多达芬奇艺术界从来不缺天才。现在, 一位新画家也准备加入这个行列, 尽管这甚至都不是人类。可知, 文章第一段中列举Monet, Picasso和da Vinci这些著名的画家是为了烘托, 突出介绍非人类的画家。故选D项。2. Why doe
9、s the painting mentioned in Paragraph 2 gain special concern? A. Its the first AI-produced artwork for sale. B. Itll be auctioned in a famous auction house. C. Its the portrait of a man with mysterious look. D. Its auction price is expected to be the highest. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中Next month, auction h
10、ouse Christies Prints and Multiples will make history by offering the first piece of art created by artificial intelligence for sale. 下个月, 佳士得拍卖行的印刷品和复制品将首次拍卖由人工智能创造的艺术品, 从而将创造历史。可知, 这幅画获得这么多关注是因为这是第一次出售由人工智能创造的艺术品。故选A项。3. Which of the following statements may Leo Tolstoy agree with? A. AI technolog
11、y is a tool for artistic creation. B. AI is taught to express human emotions in art. C. AI copied paintings of the 14th18th centuries. D. AI art joins people together in the same feelings. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段According to Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, art is about creating emotion. Its “a means of. . .
12、joining people together in the same feelings”, he once said. 俄国作家列夫托尔斯泰认为, 艺术就是创造情感。他曾经说过, 这是“一种方式让人们怀着同样的感受走到一起”。以及第五段中So, if the emotion behind art is what makes the art, the ability to create and use tools is what makes human beings different from other species. And as a tool itself, the AI techn
13、ology used to create the portrait is the result of a lot of effort made by several designers. 所以, 如果说艺术背后的情感是艺术的本质, 那么创造和使用工具的能力就是人类区别于其他物种的地方。作为一种工具, 人工智能技术用于创建肖像是许多设计师努力的结果。可知, Leo Tolstoy可能赞成人工智能技术是艺术创作的工具。故选A项。4. What might be the future of the new artistic movement? A. Popular. B. Unclear. C. P
14、redictable. D. Unacceptable. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段The introduction of AI art could be the beginning of a new artistic movement. However, not everyone is ready to welcome these high-tech artists just yet. 人工智能艺术的引入可能是一场新的艺术运动的开始。然而, 并不是每个人都准备好欢迎这些高科技艺术家。可知, 新艺术运动的未来到底怎样是还不清楚的。故选B项。【知识拓展】难句解读So, if the
15、emotion behind art is what makes the art, the ability to create and use tools is what makes human beings different from other species. And as a tool itself, the AI technology used to create the portrait is the result of a lot of effort made by several designers. 分析: 第一句中的两个 what 都是引导表语从句, 第二句中的used
16、to create the portrait 作AI technology 的后置定语, made by several designers 作effort 的后置定语。翻译: 所以, 如果说艺术背后的情感是艺术的本质, 那么创造和使用工具的能力就是人类区别于其他物种的地方。作为一种工具, 用于创造肖像的人工智能技术是许多设计师努力的结果。 BAgeing and robots are more closely related than you might think. Young countries with many children have few robots. Ageing nat
17、ions have lots. The countries with the largest number of robots per industrial worker include South Korea, Singapore, Germany and Japan, which have some of the oldest work forces in the world. The connection does not merely reflect the fact that young countries tend to be poor and cannot afford fanc
18、y machines, which they do not need anyway. It holds good within rich countries, too. Those with relatively few robots compared with the size of their workforce include Britain and France, both of which (by rich-country standards) are ageing slowly. Two recent studies quantify the connection. Daron A
19、cemoglu of MIT and Pascual Restrepo of Boston University show that, between 1993 and 2014, the countries that invested the most in robotics were those that were ageing the fastest measured as a rise in the rate of people over 56 compared with those aged 2655. The authors posit a rule of thumb a ten-
20、point rise in their ageing rate is associated with 0. 9 extra robots per thousand workers. A study from Germany used different measures but reached the same conclusion. They found that the growth in the number of robots per thousand workers rises twice as fast as the fall in the growth rate of the p
21、opulation (e. g. if population growth falls by 1%, the growth in robot density rises by 2%). Population growth is closely related to age structure. These findings should not be surprising. Robots typically substitute for labour. That is why many people fear that they will destroy jobs. Countries wit
22、h plenty of young workers do not need labour substitutes. Wages there also tend to be low, making automation unprofitable. But ageing creates demand for automation in two ways. First, to prevent output falling as more people retire, machines are necessary to substitute for those who have left the wo
23、rkforce or to enable ageing workers to continue to do physical labour. Second, once people have retired they create markets for new kinds of automation, including robots that help with the medical and other requirements of caring for people who can no longer look after themselves. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。老龄化和
24、机器人都是老生常谈的话题了, 但很少有人研究两者的关系, 最近有学者就两者间的关系做了研究。过去, 人们常常认为机器人的发展会导致就业岗位的减少, 从而导致大量工人下岗失业。但最新的研究发现表明, 国家的老龄化速率每提高10个百分点, 每千名工人对应的机器人数量就增加0. 9个, 老龄化以两种方式创造了对自动化的需求。5. According to Paragraph 1, _. A. ageing is closely related to robotsB. ageing countries have few robotsC. robots are needed in young count
25、riesD. young and rich countries want more robots【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第一段“Ageing and robots are more closely related than you might think. ”可知, 老龄化和机器人之间的关系比你们认为的更密切。所以通过关键词“more closely related than”推断出, 老龄化与机器人密切相关。故A选项正确。6. Which of the following best explains the underlined“posit” in Paragraph 3? A. Wan
26、t. B. Remove. C. Assume. D. Obey. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由第三段“The authors posit a rule of thumb a ten-point rise in their ageing rate is associated with 0. 9 extra robots per thousand workers. ”可知, 他们认为有这样一项经验法则: 一个国家的老龄化速率每增加10个百分点, 每千名工人对应的机器人数量就会增加0. 9个。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出, assume“假设, 认为”最能解释第三段中加下划线的“posit”的意思
27、。故C选项正确。7. How much will the robot population grow if the human population growth decreases by 3%? A. 1%. B. 2%. C. 3%. D. 6%. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段“They found that the growth in the number of robots per thousand workers rises twice as fast as the fall in the growth rate of the population (e. g. if popu
28、lation growth falls by 1%, the growth in robot density rises by 2%). ”可知, 他们发现, 每千名工人对应机器人数量的增速是人口增速下降的两倍(即人口增长率每下降1%, 机器人密度增长2%)。所以按照此比例进行计算。如果人口的增速减少3%, 机器人数量的增速就会增加6%。故D选项正确。8. Why does ageing create demand for robots? A. Because retired people have lower wages. B. Because robots are substitutes
29、for retired workers. C. Because robots are unprofitable in young countries. D. Because the retired need the same robots they used before. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由最后一段“First, to prevent output falling as more people retire, machines are necessary to substitute for those who have left the workforce”可知, 首先, 随着越来
30、越多的人退休, 为了防止产量下降, 必须用机器替代减少了的劳动力或辅助老龄工人继续从事体力劳动。所以老龄化会产生对机器人的需求是因为机器人是退休工人的替代品。故B选项正确。【知识拓展】词汇积累1. compared with与相比2. invest投资3. be associated with / be related to与有关系4. substitute for替代5. assume假定; 假设; 认为. 完形填空It was 1972, and I was in second grade. In the classroom the teacher, Ms Boyette, was 1 a
31、loud to us from Island of the Blue Dolphins. And we had just come to a part of the book where the main 2 was training a wild dog. I was listening, caught up in the 3 of all. Not far away from me, there seated a boy who always frightened or 4 others, so I was 5 of this boy. While Ms Boyette was readi
32、ng, I looked over at him, for he was someone I was in the 6 of keeping an eye on. I 7 that he was listening too, that he was engaged by the 8, that he was leaning forward in his seat and listening with all his heart. I 9 at him, open-mouthed. I was 10 with a sudden knowledge that this boy was in fac
33、t just 11 me. He was a kid who liked a story. The boy must 12 my eyes on him, because he turned. Then something 13 happened. He smiled at me. 14, I smiled back, unafraid. We were two 15 smiling at each other. Why have I never forgotten this 16 moment? Why do I still 17 every detail of it? I think it
34、s because that moment illustrates so beautifully the 18 of reading out loud. It shows us into a safe room, where everyone involved, the reader and the listener, can have that chance to 19 each other. We humans long not just for the story, not just for the flow of language, but for the 20 that comes
35、when words are read aloud. 【文章大意】本文属于记叙文, 讲述作者在听老师朗读的时候, 发现自己害怕的男孩也聚精会神地听着, 同时男孩向作者微笑了, 作者也以微笑回报, 两人关系发生了改变, 作者把这种改变归功于朗读。1. A. shoutingB. singing C. talking D. reading【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 在教室里, Ms Boyette 正在向我们朗读取自Island of the Blue Dolphins的文章。 shouting大声叫喊; singing唱; talking谈论; reading读。根据后文可知, 本文
36、讲述朗读的影响, 故选D。2. A. authorB. character C. readerD. listener【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我们刚好听到这一部分, 主人公正在驯化一只野狗。author作者; character人物; reader读者; listener听众。根据文章可知, 本句讲述当时作者听到的小说部分, 指小说中的角色。故选B。3. A. wonderB. silence C. warmthD. comfort【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我听着, 沉浸于这些神奇的东西中。wonder奇迹; silence沉默; warmth温暖; comfort
37、舒适。根据前文training a wild dog可知, 作者被小说的情节完全吸引住了, 故选A。4. A. greetedB. touchedC. hurtD. refused【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 离我不远的地方, 坐着一个男孩, 他总是吓或者伤害他人。greeted打招呼; touched触摸; hurt伤害; refused拒绝。根据本句frightened可知, 该男孩做的事情让人讨厌, 故选C。5. A. awareB. terrifiedC. boredD. guilty【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 因此, 我害怕这个男孩。aware知道; terr
38、ified害怕的; bored厌倦的; guilty愧疚的。根据前文frightened可知, 作者害怕这个男孩, 故选B。6. A. habitB. formC. effortD. hope【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 当Ms Boyette 朗读的时候, 我看了看这个男孩, 因为他是那种我已经养成了习惯时刻盯着他的学生。habit习惯; form形式; effort努力; hope希望。根据前文可知, 作者害怕那个男孩, 养成了时刻提防的习惯, 故选A。7. A. predictedB. imagined C. promisedD. noticed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。
39、句意: 我注意到, 他也在听着, 他完全被故事情节给吸引住了。predicted预测; imagined想象; promised承诺; noticed注意到。根据上文可知, 作者盯着男孩看才注意到男孩听故事的状态, 故选D。8. A. speechB. storyC. journeyD. diary【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我注意到, 他也在听着, 他完全被故事情节给吸引住了。speech演讲; story故事; journey旅程; diary日记。根据上文可知, 老师正在给孩子们朗读故事, 故选B。9. A. pointedB. noddedC. staredD. waved
40、【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我盯着他看, 嘴巴张开着。pointed指向; nodded点头; stared盯着看; waved挥手。根据后文可知, 作者一直看着男孩, 但是男孩没有注意到, 故选C。10. A. struckB. mixed C. cheatedD. confused【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我突然意识到这个男孩跟我一样。struck打动; mixed混合; cheated欺骗; confused使疑惑。根据文章可知, 作者突然意识到男孩跟作者一样被故事所打动了, 故选A。11. A. behindB. beyondC. aroundD. like【
41、解析】选D。考查介词词义辨析。句意: 我突然意识到这个男孩跟我一样。behind在后面; beyond超越; around在周围; like像。根据文章可知, 作者突然意识到男孩跟作者一样被故事吸引住了, 故选D。12. A. ignoreB. feelC. meetD. observe【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 这个男孩一定感觉到了我在看着他, 因为他转身了。ignore忽视; feel感觉; meet见面; observe观察。根据文章可知, 男孩转身, 作者认为其行为被发现了, 故选B。13. A. usefulB. natural C. seriousD. amazing【
42、解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 之后, 惊讶的事情发生了。useful有用的; natural自然的; serious严肃的; amazing让人惊讶的。根据后文He smiled at me. 可知, 男孩朝作者微笑了, 作者觉得很不可思议, 故选D。14. A. ThenB. AgainC. InsteadD. Besides【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 之后, 我也微笑了, 不再害怕。Then之后; Again再次; Instead代替; Besides另外。根据前文可知, 男孩向作者微笑, 作者之后也以微笑回报, 前后为先后关系, 故选A。15. A. strange
43、rsB. kids C. teachersD. enemies【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我们是两个相互微笑的孩子。strangers陌生人; kids孩子; teachers教师; enemies敌人。根据前文可知, 作者回忆的是孩子时代的事情, 故属于孩子, 故选B。16. A. funnyB. busy C. luckyD. small【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 为什么我没有忘记这个很微小的时刻? funny有趣的; busy繁忙的; lucky幸运的; small小的。根据文章可知, 这件事情很小, 但是作者没有忘记, 故选D。17. A. seek B. o
44、rganize C. recall D. trust【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 为什么我还能回忆其中每一个细节。seek寻找; organize组织; recall回忆; trust信任。根据前文可知, 作者没有忘记, 还能记得很多细节, 故选C。18. A. powerB. courage C. amusementD. ability【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我想那很好地诠释了朗读的力量。power力量; courage勇气; amusement快乐; ability能力。作者认为这是因为朗读的作用, 相信朗读的力量, 故选A。ability是指做某事的能力, 不符
45、合句意。19. A. cheerB. see C. missD. mention【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 朗读把我们领进一个安全屋, 每个人都在其中, 无论是朗读者还是听众, 都有机会看见对方。cheer振奋; see看见; miss错过; mention提及。根据文章可知, 在朗读的时候, 作者与男孩的关系发生了变化, 故选B。20. A. challengeB. knowledge C. choiceD. connection【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我们作为人类, 渴望的不只是故事和语言的流动, 还有朗读带来的某种联系。challenge挑战; knowled
46、ge知识; choice选择; connection联系。作者把与害怕的男孩之间关系的改变归功于朗读, 认为是因为朗读产生了某种联系, 故选D。【知识拓展】难句解读While Ms Boyette was reading, I looked over at him, for he was someone I was in the habit of keeping an eye on. I noticed that he was listening too, that he was engaged by the story, that he was leaning forward in his
47、seat and listening with all his heart. 分析: 第二句中, 三个 that 引导的宾语从句, 作noticed的宾语。翻译: 当Ms Boyette 朗读的时候, 我看了看这个男孩, 因为他是那种我已经养成了习惯要时刻盯着他的学生。我注意到, 他也在听着, 他完全被故事情节给吸引住了, 他在座位上身体前倾, 用心地听。. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。From the first day I arrived in Kunming, I had my understanding of China 1. _(change). Far from being narrow-minded and hostile to 2. _(foreign), people came up to talk to me the first time I went out on the street. It happened to be all in Chinese, so I didnt understand much, 3. _ it did cause me to r