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1、2013 3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列专题02 名词【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考研究名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。结合近几年高考对名词的考查，可以发现在单项选择题中，每年都出现23道题。研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解及单词拼写等。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、对同义词、近义词的考查
2、1、 At the meeting they discussed three different_to the study of mathematics。 Aapproaches Bmeans Cmethods Dways 【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。考点二、对相似词的考查 2、Always read the_on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. expl
3、anations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 考点三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配 作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。 3、_achievement，last weeks ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing，grade AIn terms of BIn case of CAs a result of DIn face of 4、You have been sitting on my
4、hat and now it is badly out of_。 Adate Bshape Corder Dbalanee 【答案】B。【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。out of shape意为“变形”；out of date意为“过时”：out of order意为“混乱”；out ofbalance 意为“失衡”。 【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注意收集和整理，并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。 考点四、考察单词基本义的引申和拓展 近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。 5、To make members of a
5、team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses Astrengths Bbenefits Ctechniques Dvalues 【三年高考】 10 、11、12高考试题及其解析2012高考英语试题1. (2010大纲卷19 ) The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.A. quantityB. progressC. production D. demand2. (2012天
6、津卷)3.You were working too hard. Youd better keep a _between work and relaxation.A. promiseB. leadC. balanceD. diary【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：你工作得太辛苦啦。你最好保持工作和休息的平衡点。根据句意选择C项。3. (2012福建卷)25. Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? Well, you know, English is my _. So it is my best choice
7、.A. strengthB. talentC. abilityD: skill4 .(2012湖北卷)29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。根据题意，是指眼部疾病的症状。Symptom 表“症状”， similarity 表“相似之处”，sample表“样本”， shadow 表“
8、影子，幻影”。5. (2012湖北卷)30.The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa.A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective6.(2012江苏卷) 21. Can I help you with it? I appreciate your, but I can manage it myself.A. adviceB. questionC. offer D. idea【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。空格处粗一
9、看好像四个选项都有点联系，但仔细分析，advice表示（对某件事的）建议，question是（需要得到回答的）问题，idea是一种主意或看法，都不符合语境。7. (2012山东卷) My first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expressionB. attentionC. satisfaction D. impression8. (2012四川卷)15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. Its just a matt
10、er of _.A. luck B. value C. time D. fact【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为：他迟早会渐渐理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间的问题。根据句意选C项。9. (2012浙江卷)7. Your _ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. A. opinion B. growth C. performance D. character2011高考英语试题1.（2011江苏卷,27）Teachers have to constantl
11、y update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.AconsequenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。为了保持专业能力，老师需要不断地更新他们的知识。competence“能力”，符合句意。consequence“结果”，independence“独立”，intelligence“智力”，均不符合句意。2.（2011福建卷,26） The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is
12、thought to be a major of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection3.(2011浙江卷,18) Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions【答案】B【解析】考查名词的辨义。句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。4.
13、（2011四川卷,13）Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens .A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance5.（2011湖北卷,21） “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voice.A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic【答案】D【解析】考查名词的辨义。句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！
14、房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。6.（2011湖北卷,22）Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition【答案】B【解析】考查名词的辨义。句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定
15、，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼应，故选B。7.（2011湖北卷,30）When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of
16、 D. in praise of8.（2011江西卷,31）Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point【答案】D【解析】考查名词的辨义。sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。9.(2011山东卷,34) Theres a _ in our office that when its som
17、ebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship10.（2011江苏卷,32）Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time【答案】A【解析】考查名词的辨义。句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总
18、的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。2010高考英语试题1.(2010高考英语浙江卷,16)The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they dont give you any direct _. A. solution B. target C. measure D. function2.(2010高考英语天津卷,3)James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television.
19、A. room B. area C. field D. position【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为：詹姆斯从小桌上拿走杂志为电视腾个地方。make room for意为“让出地方给；腾出空位”，固定搭配，故选A。3.(2010高考英语山东卷,33)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter4.(2010高考英语江西卷,35)Last year the number of students who gr
20、aduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：去年考过驾照的考生人数达到了20万，平均每年4万。 an average of平均是。5.(2010高考英语江苏卷,22)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a v
21、ery good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。这名医生治疗心脏病医术高超，而且从不收病人的礼物，自然享有良好的“声誉”。A项表示“期望”，C项表示“贡献”，D项表示“文明”，都不符合语意。6.(2010高考英语湖北卷,22)After the earthquake, tile first thing the local government did was to provide _for the homeless families.A. accommodation B.
22、 occupation C. equipment D. furniture7.(2010高考英语湖北卷,21)This restaurant has become popular for its wide_ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle8.(2010高考英语安徽卷,25)I havent seen Sara since she was a girl，and she has changed beyond _ .A. hearing B. strength C. re
23、cognition D measure【答案】C【解析】考查名词。Hearing听力；strength力量；recognition认出，别人；measure尺寸；beyond recognition意为“辨认不出，面目全非”，符合句意“Sara小时我就没有看到过她了，她已经变得我认不出来了。”【两年模拟】 11、12高考模拟题及其答案2011、2012高考英语模拟题试题1. （2012年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语）Have you heard the traffic _ that happened in Yatai Street last week?AaccidentBaffairCi
24、ncidentDevent2. （宁夏银川一中2012届高三年级第四次考试英语）The TV series of Gong became popular and the theme song Love the feed sung by Yang Mi was a _ at once and loved by young people.AshockBstrikeChitDbeat【答案】C【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意：电视连续剧宫很受欢迎，而且杨幂唱的主题曲爱的供养风行一时，很受年轻人喜欢。根据句意选C，hit 表示“风行一时的事物”。3. （山东省潍坊东营淄博滨州四市2012届高三联考英语）I
25、n a natural disaster, minutes and even seconds of warning can make the _ between life and death.AdivisionBdifferenceCseparationDsense4. （2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）I really admire the people full of _. Im always tired.Youd better take more exercise.ApowerBstrengthCforceDenergy【答案】D【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据 “Im al
26、ways tired.” 可知，第一句应表示“我真羡慕那些精力充沛的人”，故选D，energy“精力；活力”。power“能力，权力”；strength“力量，力气”；force“暴力，武力”。5.（2011江西省南昌市第二次模拟测试）You shouldnt take books out of the library without the _ of the assistantAencourafementBapprovalCexplanationDmanagement【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为：没有图书管理员的许可，你不能将书带出图书馆。根据句意可知，应选B，approval意为
27、“批准，赞同，许呵”。6.（2011江西省八校高三联考）If you are a regular drinker of coffee, drinking a little of it just eases the symptoms of caffeine _. A addictionB additionC affectionD withdrawal【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为：假如你是一个常喝咖啡的人，那么喝一点咖啡就是为了缓解咖啡因引起某些症状。withdrawal意为“退瘾”。故选D项。7.（2011江苏省南通、扬州、泰州三市二模）After three years of har
28、d work, his knowledge and _ were finally recognized in his school. A conscienceB competenceC conservationD convenience 8.（2011江苏省南京市二模）Considering the severe fact of global warming, the top _ of all nations is to reduce CO2 emissions and increase use of renewable energy.A priorityB impactC issueD ev
29、ent 9.（2011东北三省三校第二次联合模拟考试）have an internal clock that controls the beating of our heart, and the of our breathing.AHuman being; stepsBHumans; paceCHuman beings; stepsDMan; pace【答案】B【解析】考查名词用法。句意为：人类有一个生物钟控制着心跳和呼吸的节奏。第一空表示人类时，可以用human beings和humans;第二空表示“的步伐，节奏”，只能用pace，故B项正确。10.（2011安徽省合肥市第二次教学质量检测
30、）Being able to speak another language fluently could be a great _when you are looking foi a job.A advantageB chanceC assistance D, importance11.（2011郑州市高中毕业班第二次质量预测）The medicine should usually be kept out of the _of children at home.A distanceB reachC limitD arrival【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为“药品通常应该放在家里孩子们
31、够不着的地方”，keep sth out of the reach of sb. “把某物放在某人够不到的地方”。12.（2011浙江省温州市高三第一次适应性测试）Almost every country celebrating a special_will set off fireworks.A situationB stateC conditionD occasion13.（2011四川省成都市高三四校第一次联考）A person of great _ usually can achieve his goal.A instructionB informationC. determinati
32、onD recognition【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：一个非常坚定的人通常会实现他的目标。instruction 指导；information 信息；determination 决定，决心；recognition 认出。14.（2011陕西省宝鸡市高三教学质量检测）The speech that Mr. Smith made today gave a strong on the students.AexpressionBimpressionCreputationDexpectation15.（2011山东省烟台市高三调研测试）To the great _ of the citi
33、zens, no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases.ArelaxationBdisappointmentCreliefDsurprise【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。后半句提到除了已被证实的12个病例外，没有其他人感染这种病毒，这显然是让人极其“宽慰(relief)”的事情。【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析1.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his _.A.ability B.force C.strength D.mind 2.
34、Before the final examination,many students have shown of tension.Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite(胃口).A.anxietyB.marksC.signsD.remarks【答案】C【解析】sign表示“某种性质、状态的迹象，现象”；mark指能看得见的“痕迹，印记”；anxiety和tension是同义词；remark为“评论，话语”。句意为：在期末考试前，许多学生表现出紧张的迹象，失眠并且没有胃口。此题考查在具体的上下文中名词
35、的运用。3.The boy didnt have any_but to do as his father had told him.A.ideaB.way C.chanceD.choice【答案】D【解析】have no choice but to do.意为“别无选择,只有去做”。4.Jason has been preparing carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it at his first_ .A.purposeB.desire C.attemptD.intention5
36、.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his_ was seen at its best when he worked with others.A.temper B.appearance C.talent D.character6.At the meeting they discussed three dif-ferent_to the study of mathematics。Aapproaches Bmeans Cmethods Dways 【答案】D【解析】答案为D。句意：在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。w
37、ay意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法；用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。7.It is said that dogs will keep you_for a8 long as you wa
38、nt when you are feeling lonely。Asafety Bcompany Chouse D friend 【答案】B【解析】答案为B。句意：据说你在孤独的时候狗会陪伴在你身旁。keep you company意为“如影随形”。8.he boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents .A command B conviction C consent D compromise9.Lets forget about the game! We have little
39、_ of beating them!A. wishB. means C. chanceD. opportunity10.To make members of a team performbetter,the trainer first of all has to know their_and weaknesses。Astrengths Bbenefits Ctechniques Dvalues 【答案】A【解析】答案为A。句意：为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好的成绩。教练首先要了解队员的优势和弱势。strength基本意为“力，力量，体力，强点，长处”，有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力；ben
40、efit意为“利益，好处，利润”；technique意为“技术”；value意为“价值”。11.Because of his excellent_ during the whole term, he was awarded the first prize scholarship.A. learningB. study C. resultD. performance12.Carry your _with you，your money，jewelry，camera and so on.OK.Thank you for reminding me.A.valuablesB.suitcasesC.gif
41、tsD.bags【答案】A【解析】valuable作名词时,常用作复数，尤指小但很值钱的东西(如黄金、宝石等贵重物品)。13.The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has_all over the country.A.companiesB.branches C.organizationsD.businesses14.I am sure David will be able to find the libraryhe has a pretty good_ of direction.A.ideaB.feeling C.experience
42、D.sense【答案】D【解析】此题考查名词语意辨析。a sense of 对的意识，意念。 此句应为“他有很好的方向感”。故D项正确。15.I knew I shouldnt accept anything from such a person，but I found it difficult to turn down his_ .A.offerB.suggestion C.requestD.plan【考点预测】 2013高考预测高考研究名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。结合近几年高考对名词的考查，可以发现在单项选择题中，每年都出现23道题。名词考点主要为：可数名词与不可
43、数名词；抽象名词的具体化；名词的所有格；名词作定语以及名词固定习语；名词与主谓一致等。在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。【母题特供】每个专题5道最典型试题母题一、对同义词、近义词的考查 1、 At the meeting they discussed three different_to the study of mathematics。 Aapproaches Bmeans Cmethods Dways 【答案】D。【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法；用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。 母题二、对相似词的考查 2、Always read the_on the bottle carefully and take the right am