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1、编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第36页 共36页大学英语四、六级短文写作高分策略在英语四、六级写作的文章结构安排上，考生应采用较为稳妥的三段式写法（最多四段），即总分总的写法。因为所要写的文章的题材无论是议论文、书信，还是说明文和描述文，都可以用以下的写作结构：首段：综述（引出话题）中间段：主题句，接着第一个论据、第二个论据（下面还可以再有一个中间扩展段落）末段：总结全文，前后呼应下面我们将介绍打造高分地道作文的一些技巧。一、开头段精彩、有气势1、开头段的写作要点开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题或引出观点，一般不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或说明描
2、述应该在中间段落进行，开头段一般写四、五句即可。开头段的作用是概括陈述主题，提出观点或论点，表明写作意图，在组织开头段时要注意避免以下几点：1）开头偏离主题太远，导致切题不准，主题不明2）使用抱歉或埋怨之词句，因为社会主旋律是倡导积极向上的思想3）内容不具体，言之无物，使用不言自明的陈述，给人以充数累赘之感常言道：好的开始是成功的一半。文章的开篇出色是给评卷者留下好印象的关键。因此，文章的开头段要适合主题的需要，要有利于下文的展开；简明生动，引人入胜，能激发读者的兴趣；开门见山，揭示文章主题，交代写作目的，唤起读者情感上的共鸣。开头段的写作根据不同的题目可采取不同的方法，常用的几种写作方法请参
3、考本章第三节写出稿部分。方法运用恰当，文章的开头段会比平铺直叙更引人入胜，更能激起阅卷人继续读下去的好奇心和兴趣。2、开篇要有气势开篇的几句话要有爆发力，充分表现考生的语言水平和写作实力。因此要把平时积累的优秀句型应用到第一段开篇，以下是开篇的经典句式：1) Recently, sth. ( the problem of ) has been brought to public attention (has become the focus of public concern).2) There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue o
4、f . Those who object to argue that . But people who favor , on the other hand, argue that. 3) Currently (In recent years / In the past few years), there is (has been) a general (widespread / growing / widely held) feeling towards (concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / belief in）.4) There
5、 is no denying/ doubt that But 5) Anyone who takes a closer look at the data in the table/ graph can be surprised to find that 6) Now it is commonly (widely / generally / increasingly) believed (thought / held /accepted/ felt / acknowledged) that . But I wonder (doubt) whether 7) It has long been co
6、nsidered only right and proper to (in China).8) As opposed to generally accepted views, I believe that 9) With the development of , vast changes await our college students (our society/ our country).10) When it comes to (Faced with)., most people (the public/ quite a few people) maintain (argue/ con
7、tend) that., but other people conceive differently.11) A public debate has arisen as to (over/ concerning)12) We often find ourselves caught (involved) in a dilemma(窘境)whether13) I agree with the above statement because I believe that . 14) As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that .15) On t
8、he surface (At first thought), it may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but on second thought (on closer analysis), we find that 二、中间段论证充分、流畅自然1、中间段的写作要点中间段的任务是依据开头段所交代的内容来阐述文章的论点，围绕主题或论点展开讨论，或就具体要求进行描述和说明。中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。中间段篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长，每段有相应的主题句，包含定
9、义、解释、描写等手法，说明主题思想的扩展句采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段，当然不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段，这在第一章的第五节关于段落的展开方法部分详细讲过。中间段要有以下特点：1）所涉及内容应该准确、清楚，颇具说服力；2）段落中一定具备主题句（最好放在句首）；3）段落内容应该保持完整、统一，没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节；4）内容顺序安排合理，逻辑性较强；5）段落之间连贯自然； 6）段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当；7）词与句型运用合理并且有变化。2、文字通顺连贯，善用过渡词或词组英语中的过渡句和连接词是文章通顺连贯的重要标志，复合句内部必须要有连接词，有时句子之间也需要连接
10、词，而连接词体现的是句子内部和句子之间严谨的逻辑和论证推理关系，是英文语言最大的价值之一。当然段与段之间还需要过渡句或过渡词组来加以联系，以达到通顺之效果。大家如果在写作中恰当应用过渡词语，会增加文章的可读性，使文章层次分明，以下是我们对写作中英文逻辑关系以及引导各种逻辑关系连接词和词组的归纳：1）总结关系过渡词语generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, in a sense, in a way, to some exten
11、t, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude 2）比较对比关系过渡词语similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same wa
12、y, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless 3）列举关系过渡词语for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second
13、, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition (to that）, first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another 4) 因果关系过渡词语because （of）, as, since, for, owing
14、to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in (from), consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, it follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence 5) 让步关系过渡词语although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted that.6) 强调关系过渡词语anyway, certainly, sure
15、ly, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, indeed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt7) 递进关系in addition, furthermore, also, moreover, besides, again, and, likewise, whats more8) 时间顺序afterwards, at last, at length, immediately, in the meantime,
16、lately, meanwhile, presently, shortly, since, soon, temporarily, thereafter, while9) 方位序列in front of, beside, beyond, above, below, inside, outside, on the left, on the right, opposite, next to. 10) 方式手段as, as if, as though, the way，by11) 目的关系so that, that, lest, in case, for fear that, in order tha
17、t3、套用核心句型，打造精彩段落中间段如果套用一些句型引出主题句和各个扩展句，会使文章层次更加分明、眉清目秀。常用的的核心句型归纳如下，大家可根据自己的习惯和需要选择使用：1) Although the popular belief is that , a current（new / recent）study（survey / poll / investigation）indicates（shows / demonstrates）that .2) The increase (change / failure / success) in mainly (largely / partly) res
18、ults from (arises from / is because of) .3) The increase (change / failure / success) in is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that .4) There are many（different / several /a number of / a variety of）causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change / decline / increa
19、se) in . Firstly, . Secondly, . Finally, .5) Why are (is / do / did) ? For one thing, . For another, . 6) Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that . 7) There are numerous reasons why , and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. 8) It will exert (have / produce) p
20、rofound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on .9) A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success / failure / development) in .10) In 20
21、00, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).11) By comparison with 2002, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).12) According to a (an) recent (new / official) study (survey / report / poll),
22、 .13) History (Our society) is filled (abounds) with the examples of .14)The story (case / instance / situation） is not rare (isolated / unique), it is one of many examples (typical of dozens).15) A recent study conducted at a university by scientists indicates (reveals / suggests / shows /demonstra
23、tes) that .16) According to (As can be seen in / As is shown in) the figures (statistics / graph / table） released by the government, it can be learned (seen / predicted) that .17) We must admit the undeniable fact that .18) No one can deny (ignore / doubt / overlook /brush aside) the fact that . 19
24、) The same is true of . 20) As the saying goes, “.”三、结尾段要有特色1、使用特殊句式文章的结尾不好，苍白平淡，会给人虎头蛇尾的感觉，很有可能因为一句话而减弱前面的文采印象，所以要有意识的安排一个闪光点在结尾，让阅卷老师读到结尾时眼睛一亮。我们可以通过强调句、倒装句、使用虚拟语气的句子、平行结构等特殊句式来达到这一目的。例如：(1) In conclusion, it is the peasants who are playing an essential role in the construction of the cities, thus
25、 we should place more emphasis on their lives instead of despising them. （强调句） (2) Only in this way can laid-off workers completely shrug off poverty and regain their dignity in life. (倒装句)(3) Given all the above arguments, it is high time that the authorities enforced some reforms to convert tradit
26、ional education strategies into quality-oriented education. (虚拟)(4) In short, we can amuse ourselves by listening to music of all schools and all periods, old and new, conservative and modern. （平行结构）结尾段是文章的总结和主题思想的升华，它就起到再次肯定和强调主题的作用。好的结尾段应简短有力，言简意赅，意味深长。总之，文章的结尾应该遵循两条原则：一是照应开头；二是总结全文，给读者一个完整的印象。和文章
27、的开头一样，文章的结尾方法也是多种多样的，而非千篇一律。常见方法请参考第三节写出稿部分。2、套用经典句型，干脆利落收尾结尾段篇幅不长却在全文中起着非常重要的作用，如果套用一些经典句型来对全篇进行总结、归纳或提出结论性的观点，会显得更加干脆利落。现将常用的收尾核心句型归纳如下，大家可根据自己的习惯和需要选择使用：1) From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidences offered), we may safely draw (reach /
28、come to / arrive at) the conclusion that .2) All the evidences support (justifies / confirms / points to) a (an) unshakable (sound / just) conclusion that .3) It is high time that we place (lay / put) great (special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of
29、.4) It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable ) situation (tendency / phenomenon）of . 5) There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution (approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of , but might be useful (helpful / beneficial).6) No easy method (solution / re
30、cipe / remedy) can be found to solve（resolve / tackle）the problem of , but the common realization of the importance (significance）of might be the first step towards change. 7) Following these methods may not guarantee the success in, but the pay-off will be worth the effort. 8) Obviously（Clearly / N
31、o doubt）, if we ignore（are blind to）the problem, there is every chance that .9) Unless there is a common realization of , it is very likely（the chances are） that .10) There is little doubt（no denying）that serious（special / adequate / immediate / further） attention must be called（paid / devoted）to th
32、e problem of .11) It is necessary（essential / fundamental）that effective action should be taken to prevent （correct / end / fight）the situation (tendency / phenomenon).12) It is hoped that great efforts should be made to control（check/ halt / promote）the growth （increase / rise）of .13) It is hoped t
33、hat great efforts should be directed to（expended on / focused on）finding （developing / improving）.14) Anyhow, more education（publicity）should be given to the possible（potential / grave /serious）consequences（effects）of .15) For the reasons given above, I feel that .四、妙用英语词汇或短语1、巧用近义词，小词变大词 作文构思好以后，句意
34、、句型已基本确定，在动笔之前，要考虑一下句中的一些词可不可以换用和它们同义的更高级更文雅的词汇或短语来代替？在准确性的基础上，小词稍变大，会使写出的句子显得灵活、生动而优美。英语中的同义词虽然有些许差异，但在很多情况下是可以互换的。以下是35个经典的替换词供大家参考。1) individuals, characters, folks代替 people, persons2) positive, favorable, promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding代替good 3) dreadful, unfavorab
35、le, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad 如果bad做表语，可以用be less impressive代替 eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impres
36、sive. 4) an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a great number of, many, if not most)代替many. 注：用many, if not most一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that.同理用most, if not all, 代替most. 5) a slice of, quiet a few, several代替some 6) harbor the idea that, take
37、the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that代替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that) 7) affair, business, matter代替thing 8) shared代替common 9）reap huge fruits代替get much benefit 10）for my part, from my own perspective代替in my opinion 11) Increasing(ly), growing代替
38、more and more (注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly. Eg. Sth. has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12) alternative 代替choice13) beneficial, rewarding代替helpful, be beneficial of 14) shopper, client, consumer, purchaser代替
39、customer 15) exceedingly, extremely代替very 16) vehicle代替car17) sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb代替sb take interest in sth. 18) capture ones attention代替attract ones attention. 19) facet, dimension, sphere代替aspect 20) be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of代替indicat
40、e, suggest, fear 21) give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger代替cause. 22) There are several reasons behind sth代替reasons for sth 23) desire代替want. 24) pour attention into代替pay attention to 25) bear in mind that代替remember 26) enjoy, possess代替have (注意process是过程的意思) 27) interaction代替communication 28) f
41、rown on sth代替be against, disagree with sth 29) to name only a few, as an example代替for example 30) next to/virtually impossible 代替nearly impossible 31) manufacture 代替make32）accomplish代替finish33）accord 代替agree 34）controversy 代替discussion35）sufficient 代替enough 2、活用抽象词使用抽象名词来表达思想，能减少动词的使用，使文章更紧凑，句子更简练、地
42、道。如：a. The problem points to the necessity of the modification of the system of our higher education.b. The problem indicates that it is very necessary to modify the system of our higher education.c. The notion has found its growing popularity and acceptance among young people.d. The notion has beco
43、me more and more popular and accepted by more and more young people. 可以看出，a句比b句、c句比d句更洗炼，更有英语的味道。抽象名词的使用，是现代英语的一大特点及英汉两种语言的主要区别之一，同时也是中国人学英语长期忽视的环节。抽象词意范围大，概括力强，但给人以空洞的感觉，适合于文章的开头和结尾等总结性部分。具体词意义有针对性、个性和精确性，给人以确切的概念，适合用于段落中细节的刻画，论点的阐述以及事物的描写。抽象词在正式文体中使用较多，因此，我们在写作中也要分清文体再下笔，千万不可盲目地追求抽象词的数量。五、活用英语成语在作
44、文中适当运用一些人们耳熟能详的成语，能使文章生动活泼，而且深化主题并给读者留下深刻的印象。以下是英语四六级写作必备的36个成语，请大家熟记并灵活运用：1. Practice makes perfect. （熟能生巧） 2. God helps those who help themselves. （天助自助者）3. Easier said than done. （说起来容易做起来难）4. Where there is a will, there is a way. （有志者事竟成）5. One false step will make a great difference. （失之毫厘，谬之千
45、里）6. Slow and steady wins the race. （稳扎稳打无往而不胜）7. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. （吃一堑，长一智）8. Experience is the mother of wisdom. （实践出真知）9. All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.（只工作不玩耍聪明孩子也变傻）10. Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance. （无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表）11. More hasty, le
46、ss speed. （欲速则不达）12. Its never too old to learn. （活到老，学到老）13. All that glitters is not gold. （闪光的未必都是金子）14. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.（千里之行始于足下）15. Look before you leap. （三思而后行）16. Rome was not built in a day. （伟业非一日之功）17. Great minds think alike. （英雄所见略同）18. Well begun
47、, half done. （好的开始等于成功的一半）19. It is hard to please all. （众口难调）20. Out of sight, out of mind.（眼不见，心不念。）21. Facts speak plainer than words. （事实胜于雄辩）22. Call back white and white back. （颠倒黑白）23. First things first. （凡事有轻重缓急）24. Ill news travels fast. （坏事传千里）25. A friend in need is a friend indeed. （患难见真情）26. Live not to eat, but eat to live. （活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着）27. Action speaks louder than word