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1、专题19书面表达解读考点中考英语书面表达写作技巧 审题时注重“读”、“看”“发挥”等技巧因为不同的写作题材，人物、时间、写作重点也不相同。赵娜老师就结合常见的四类题型，介绍了写作时的注意事项及技巧。以图表提供情景的，要以“读”为主。读懂图表中的数据、时间、编码、序号以及相互间的变化关系，并对信息分析、推断、筛选、概括；注意内容的准确性，尤其是数据、时间不能错。以图画提供情景的，要以“看”为主。细心观察图中的人物、景物、文字、环境、数字等，弄清写作意图，通过分析把握逻辑联系，找出主题并借助所给文字，把图中信息转化成文章。“但要注意，文章不能停留在图画的浅层表面，要表达出提供情景的意图和内涵。”赵
2、老师提醒。以提纲提供情景的，重在“发挥”。写作时把这些提纲加以发挥，注意遣词造句的灵活性和语法规则的正确性，文章要覆盖各个提纲的要点。以书信格式提供情景的，注重“格式”。要明白英文书信格式与中文有所不同。正确的格式是：信纸右上角是写信人的地址和日期，地址按从小到大顺序排列，左边顶格写收信人姓名，然后写正文、祝愿、写信人签名。动笔前审题、圈要点、列提纲、定基调一个不能少“在动笔做题前要心里有数，这样才能不至于走弯路。”赵娜说，尤其要在审题、圈要点、列提纲、定基调这几方面，做足功课，然后才能事半功倍，易得高分。审题目要切中题意。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。看
3、清题目要求后，在脑中构思框架或画面，确定中心思想。圈要点防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的重要因素。要充分发挥观察力，把情景中给出的要点逐条列出。列提纲为写作做好准备。根据短文的中心思想，将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。定基调。即定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。写作中做好“七要素”准能得高分“做好两大方面的准备后，就可以写作了。”赵老师说，即使成绩一般的学生，只要熟练把握以下七点，一般可得高分。避免使用汉语式英语。尽量用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，避免重复和呆板。多用有变化的简单句型。可多用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等复杂的句型。灵活运用语法、句法知识
4、。语态、时态要准确，主谓语一致，注意人称代词的宾格形式，注意冠词用法、拼写、标点、大小写等。描写人物生动具体。如：外表特征tall，short，fat等；服饰颜色red，yellow，blue等；内心境界glad，happy等；感情描写love，like等；动作描写come，get等。上下文连贯。这是评分的一条原则。要把写好的句子根据故事情节，事情发生的次序，使用表示并列、递进等过渡词，使文章连贯、流畅。(表示过渡的词如：并列关系的and，as well as等；转折关系的but，yet等；时间关系的when，while；因果关系的so，as a result等；目的的in order1 to
5、，in order that等；列举的for example，such as等；总结性的in general，in all等。不会表达可另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。所以，造句越简单准确越好，复合句容易出错被扣分。遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达时，可通过变通化繁为简。认真检查改错误。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少扣分。写完后一定要检查改错，避免扣分。2年中考2014年题组1. 1【2014年江苏省南通市中考】假设某中学生英文报开展关于计算机与学生生活的征文活动，请你根据下表所提示的要点，以Computer in my l
6、ife为题，用英语为该报写一篇短文，简述计算机在你生活中的用途，并就计算机对你生活的影响谈谈你的感受。用途学习搜集资料；拓展阅读（或自拟内容）交流传递信息；探讨问题（或自拟内容）生活欣赏音乐；购买商品（或自拟内容）其他（请考生自拟一点内容）感受计算机对你生活的影响（请考生自拟一点内容）注意：1.表达中必须包含所给要点，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2.词数90左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3.表达中请勿提及真实校名和姓名。Computer in my life The computer has become an important part of my life. 【答案】Computer
7、 in my life The computer has become an important part of my life. Usually I use the computer to search for information and do some further reading. With the help of computer，I can get more knowledge easily in my free time. I not only communicate with my teachers and classmates by email，but also disc
8、uss questions with them online. Whats more，I can enjoy the music online and shopping on the Internet makes my life much easier. Sometimes CD-ROMs help me learn English and make me relaxed. Moreover，I can take part in some kinds of activities online. In a word，the computer is really of great help to
9、me. It brings me a more meaningful and colourful life.【亮点说明】短文用了一些短语和句式，增加了文章的色彩，如：The computer has become an important part of my life. Usually I use the computer to search for information and do some further reading. I not only communicate with my teachers and classmates by email，but also discuss
10、questions with them online.等，短文还用了一些连词，如：not onlybut also;and 等，给文章增加了亮点。为了上下文的衔接还用了一些过渡词或句子，如whats more；moreover；in a word等。考点：提纲作文。2. 【2014年江苏省淮安市中考】在初中三年的学习生活中，父母、老师给了我们很多帮助。假设你是李明，在即将毕业之际，用英语写一段文字以表达感激之情。感谢的对象在父母、老师中任选其一。内容必须包括以下提示点：1、感谢的对象及原因；2、举例说明帮助你的事由、经过和结果；3、你的感受和打算。注意：1、文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名；
11、2、词数在80-100之间，已给出的文字不计入总词数。Dear _Words cant show my thanks to you, _Best wishesYoursLi Ming【答案】Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss X,Words cant show my thanks to you.Youve helped me a lot in my studies since I came to this school.When I was in trouble,you used to encourage me and give me some advice.At one time I fail
12、ed to pass an English test and I was very sad about it.You came and cheered me up.You told me some good ways to improve English.With your help,Ive made great progress in English.Im so thankful to you for your kind help that Ill work harder and try to do better in the future.Best wishes Yours Li Ming
13、Dear Mum/Dad/Mum and Dad,Words cant show my thanks to you.Youve taken good care of me in the past three years.When I was in trouble,you used to encourage me and cheer me up.Once I argued with my classmates and I didnt know how to deal with it.You talked with me the whole evening and gave me a lot of
14、 advice on how to get along with others.With your help,Ive become a popular boy/girl and made a lot of friends.Im so thankful to you for your love and care that Ill work harder and try to do better in the future.Best wishes Yours Li Ming【亮点说明】本文用了一些短语和句式，增加了文章的色彩。如：in trouble；At one time；make great
15、progress in; take good care of; argue with; talk with; work hard等。短文中还用了一些连词如：when，that，and等，使句子结构更加复杂化，增加了文章的亮点。考点：话题作文。3. 【2014年福建省龙岩市中考】英语课上，老师向同学们介绍了2013年度“最美孝心少年”的感人事迹，你深受感动。请你用英语写一则日记，写出自己的感受。内容要点及要求：1. 表明自己将向“孝心少年”学习；2. 你将在日常生活、学习中做些什么来孝敬父母；3. 词数：80左右。开头部分已给出，不计入总词数。提示词（可选用）：learn from, respe
16、ct, care for, do some housework, study hardMonday, June 30 SunnyThis morning, our English teacher told us some stories about “the most beautiful filial piety youth in 2013 ”. 【答案】Monday, June 30 SunnyThis morning, our English teacher told us some stories about “the most beautiful filial piety youth
17、in 2013”. I was deeply moved. Those teenagers set us a good example in respecting and caring for parents.I used to make my parents unhappy and now I feel ashamed about it. I think I should learn from them. I will help do some housework and take good care of my mum and dad when they are ill. I will t
18、ry my best to study hard so that I can enter the key high school in our city. I hope I can become a filial piety youth like them. (88 words)【亮点说明】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少。如:set an example for为树立榜样；used to do sth过去常常做某事；take care of照顾；try ones best to do sth尽力做某事；强调句式It is adj for sb to do sth，做某事对某
19、人来说怎么样等。学习中注意总结,牢记一些固定句式及短语,写作时就可以适当引用, 让文章更出彩。考点：考查提纲类作文。2015年题组1. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】书面表达（共1题；满分20分）为了配合“足球进校园”活动，你们班开展了一次主题班会。请你以足球迷的身份，根据下列表格中的要点提示，用英语向同学们介绍足球这项运动并谈谈自己的梦想。常 识历史悠久，深受喜爱世界杯4年举行一次好 处男生女生皆可参加利于培养团队精神考生自拟(至少1点)偶 像梅西，有足球天赋梦 想考生自拟(至少1点)注意：1. 词数90左右。短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；2. 短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译
20、，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺；3. 短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。参考词汇：梅西 MessiDear classmates,Im very excited to hear that China will build 20,000 football-themed schools by 2020. Thank you for your attention.【答案】Dear classmates,Im very excited to hear that China will build 20,000 football-themed schools by 2020. Football h
21、as a very long history. It is liked by people all over the world. The World Cup takes place every four years. Playing football has lots of advantages. First, both boys and girls can take part in it. Second, it helps develop team spirit. Whats more, playing football is good for our health. Im a footb
22、all fan. Messi is my hero. He has a gift for playing football. My dream is to become a famous football player like Messi. I hope China will hold the World Cup some day. Thank you for your attention.写作亮点：本文语言精炼，像第二自然段的Football has a very long history. It is liked by people all over the world. The Wor
23、ld Cup takes place every four years. it helps develop team spirit. Whats more, playing football is good for our health. 等等句子，简洁，但是句意表达清楚；同时，本文用了被动语态、动名词作主语、不定式作表语等等语法形式，使表达生动；用了first, second等使得短文层次清楚。【考点定位】考查提纲类作文写作。2、【广东省2015年中考英语试题】书面表达（15分） 每年夏天，溺水事故频发。 请你就此写一篇短文谈谈你的看法。内容包括： 1.我们应该如何防止此类事故发生？（两点建
24、议） 2.如果看到有人落水，我们应该如何施救？ 3.呼吁同学们热爱生命，注意安全。 作文要求：1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中提到出现的学校真实姓名。 2.语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数，也不必抄写在答题卡上。 Almost every year in summer, many people are reported dead from drowning accidents. How to prevent such sad accidents?【答案】Almost every year in summer, many people are reported dead
25、from drowning accidents. How to prevent such sad accidents?In my opinion, we shouldnt go swimming in dangerous places or places we know little abou, such sa reservoies and rivers . Second , we had better not swim when we feel tired or hungry. If we see someone fall into the water, we shouldsave him
26、in a perpor way . For example , we can shout loudly as we can to get those with good swimming skills to help him. Life is valuable . We should take it seriously. We must remember that safety should always come first while swimming.写作亮点：这篇短文内容切题，意思连贯，表达清楚、完整。词汇和句型句式运用恰当。如提建议的句式：In my opinion, we shou
27、ldnt go, we had better not swim.条件状语从句等。【考点定位】提纲类作文。3. 【2015年安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语试题】书面表达（共1小题，满分25分）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter来信询问汉语中一些流行的网络语言的意思，请根据下列提示回一封电子邮件。 点赞（Dianzan）：赞同、喜爱 任性（Renxing）：随心所欲 秒杀（Miaosha）：快速达到目的 土豪（Tuhao）：很富有 。注意：1. 词数80-100； 2. 请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥； 3. 文中不能出现真实的校名和人名； 4. 邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Pe
28、ter,As the Internet is developing fast, more and more new words and phrases have been created in Chinese. Here are some examples. _All the best! Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Peter,As the Internet is developing fast, more and more new words and phrases have been created in China. Here are some example.One of
29、 the most popular words is Dianzan,which is often used when you quite agree with someone. Another example is Renxing. When you say somebody is Renxing,you mean that they will do whatever they like. The phrase Miaosha first came from online shopping, which means you can complete your shopping order b
30、efore others. But now its widely used when you achieve your purpose in a very short time. If you descibe somebody sa a Tuhao, you mean that he is very rich. You can find lots of such new Chinese words. Keep learning , youll know more about our language and culture.All the best!YoursLi Hua写作亮点：这篇短文语言
31、无误，行文连贯，表达清楚。在具体的写作中句式丰富，如：定语从句which is often used when you quite agree with someone. Another example is Renxing.，宾语从句; you mean that they will do whatever they like,条件状语从句: If you descibe somebody sa a Tuhao, you mean that he is very rich.等。【考点定位】话题作文。4. 【广州市2015年初中毕业生学业考试英语】书面表达（共1题，满分15分） 你校将开设一些
32、特色课程，学生可根据兴趣进行选择。请根据以下内容提示为学校英文网页写一篇短文，介绍这些课程、提出你建议增设的课程并说明理由。Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest. 注意：1. 参考词汇：模型制作 model making 2. 词数80左右（文章开头已给出，不计入词数）； 3. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。【答案】Students in our school are free to choose some special cours
33、es according to their interest. These courses will help students relax themselves after school. There are many courses for them to choose, such as English drama, football, or model making. Here is more information. If you want to improve your oral English, English drama may be the first choice. It i
34、s a good chance to practice not only oral English, but also performing skills. If you are interested in football, take the football course. It is good for your physical health. Besides, you can learn more about teamwork. What about model making? You will be amazed by the science world and become int
35、erested in it. For my part, a painting course can be added, because students like drawing so much. I hope these courses would be helpful and each student would enjoy a bright and colorful school life here!写作亮点：这是一篇优秀的范文。短文中作者按照题目的要求给我们介绍了学校即将开设的三个特色课程的活动内容，又发挥想象力补充了第四个课程painting course,内容完整，要点全面，语句通
36、顺，符合题目要求。短文中作者使用了正确的时态和人称，句式表达符合英语的规范。作者还使用了丰富的句型和句式，如here are many courses for them to choose, such as English drama, football, or model making、It is a good chance to practice not only oral English, but also performing skills.、Besides, you can learn more about teamwork、For my part, a painting cours
37、e can be added, because students like drawing so much等。这些句型的使用从整体上提高了作文的档次，显示了作者较高的写作能力。【考点定位】话题类作文。考点归纳中考试题中的书面表达形式相对比较固定，主要有四种：看图填空，看图作文，短小应用文（包括书信、日记、贺卡、留言、通知等）写作，命题作文。无论哪一种书面表达形式，通常都要求：紧扣题目，准确、全面地表达出要点中规定的全部信息和内容，不得遗漏；表达正确，意思连贯，过渡自然；格式正确，书写规范，标点准确，字数符合要求。1写作前要做好“两备”。捕捉信息，包括材料提示，写作要求、文体和词数等；列好提纲，
38、把所写的内容理清思路，列成若干条，选好要用的人称、时态和词语。 2写作中要做到“三要”。书写要规范认真；句子要多用熟悉的、符合英文习俗；不熟悉的词语要用同（近）义句替换。 3写完后要做到“四查”。查内容是否符合题意、查句子是否流畅通顺、查语法是否有错误（包括时态、语态、单词拼写、大小写和标点等）、查词数是否符合要求。 【个案分析】假设你叫李磊，请你针对这封信的内容，给这位父亲写封回信，谈谈你的看法。要求：条例清楚，语义连贯，句式规范，字迹工整。词数80左右。 Dear editor, Im sorry to trouble you. I have a daughter. She is 13 y
39、ears old. She likes making telephone calls. As soon as he gets back from school, she picks up the telephone and calls her classmates. She talks and talks, sometimes for 2 or 3 hours. We cant use it. I tell him not to do it, but she is unhappy. What should I do? A worried father 【步步点拨】 1、 本文主要谈如何纠正孩子
40、爱打电话的问题，属于学生比较熟悉的话题。 2、 本文的格式是书信。特别要求学生注意称呼、正文、结束语和署名。 3、 问题的解决可从内因和外因两个方面出发。内因可以从学生的天职是学习去谈；外因可以去找老师，找同学的家长帮忙，也可以为她安装上部电话，让她付话费。 4、 本文属于论述文，要求在文章中有明确的观点，并用事例论证。 【例文品读】 Dear Sir, Dont worry. You can have a word with her and tell her what to do. As a student, she must put her heart into the study. Ma
41、king telephones too much is bad for her study. If she goes on doing it, you can tell it to her teachers. I think they can help you. You can also find out whom your daughter calls up. You may ask their parents for help. You may buy a telephone for her. She can make telephone calls with her own teleph
42、one, but she must pay for it by herself.Yours, Li Lei 书面表达做题策略： 1. 详细审题，判定体裁 2. 明确题材，确定时态、人称 3. 按照要求，锁定要点 4. 根据要点，选定词句 5. 文笔流畅，结构紧凑 6. 一气呵成，誊写清楚 7. 审慎推敲，消灭遗漏 8. 单词拼写，时态、语态、语气，主谓、标点皆须细致 9. 遵我八法，水到渠成！ 写作策略 1. 袖手于前，疾速于后 袖手于前开写之前，仔细审题，明确要求，把握要点，计划好大框架（时态、语态、语气；人称、体裁、体裁；大致的句式、重要的单词）。 疾速于后锁定主题，开门见山，简明扼要，多用短句，一气呵成，不可回头看。 2. 避实就虚，步步为营 避实就虚遇到无把握的词句，尽量避开，采用相同的表达方式绕过去。 步步为营从谋篇到书写，步步认真，不可懈怠。 写作基础知识 一、 标题 文章的标题要醒目简洁，要用精练的语言尽可能的表达出文章的主要意旨。在抒写文章的标题是要注意以下问题： 1. 标题的大小写可以有以下几种写法：A. 只大写行首的第一个字母。如：If dreams can come true(如果梦想能够实现) B. 大写每一