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1、2019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练（1）李仕才AIf you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news-if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited
2、what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.The res
3、earchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.The researchers say ribos
4、omes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cells energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing
5、 high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear ou
6、t,” he explained, “you dont throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”“Food,” he said, “isnt just material to be burned-its a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this m
7、ay “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”1.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?A. They can keep healthy easilyB. They need more energy to be activeC. They can look younger than they areD. They will live a longer life like humans2.What will happen t
8、o ribosomes if there are fewer calories?A. They will completely break downB. They make proteins in the cells slowlyC. They will produce high quality proteins moreD. They may need more time to repair themselves3.Price explained the ribosomes role of repairing themselves by _.A. telling a storyB. list
9、ing basic dataC. making comparisonsD. experimenting on mice4.What does the text mainly deal with?A. Food decides how long you liveB. Can you slow down your aging process?C. Eating less may help you live longerD. Should your diet be reduced for your health?【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究实验发现：吃的少会使你长寿。1.A 【解析】细节理
10、解题。根据第二段中The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康，故选A。2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质
11、，故选B。4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段首句If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿，故选C。 B(2015南宁第二次适应性测试)LSE Summer School, located in the heart of London, is the largest university summer school in Europe.Our courses are suitable for those who are at, o
12、r are about to start university.Our school will begin accepting applications in March 2017.CoursesAccounting，Finance，Law，Economics，Business and International Relations.DatesSession One: 6 26 July; Session Two: 27 July 14 August. _RatesThe student rateThe standard rateOne Session1,7752,500Both Sessio
13、n 2,9754,250The student rate applies to all fulltime students who are studying at a university or college anywhere in the world.Accommodation is not included.In addition, a 50 application fee must be paid when submitting your application._Applicant_requirementsIf you have studied in the UK, you dont
14、 need any additional English qualifications.Students from other countries will generally not require a visa to study at our school.However, you will enter the UK as a “Student Visitor”Course changes are permitted before the start of the programme and within three days of the session._Contact_hours_a
15、nd_teaching_methods LSE Summer School courses are fulltime and normally consist of 48 hours over the threeweek period, taking the form of 36 hours of lectures and 12 hours of classes.Lectures, attended by all students, take place in either the morning or afternoon supplemented by small onehour class
16、es of approximately 15 students. _Assessment_and_examinationsAssessment for LSE Summer School is based on the results of either two written examinations，or a final written examination and assessed work.Examinations are required and no exception can be made for any reason.Successful students are awar
17、ded a certificate and transcript.If you have any questions, please click here to see our frequently asked questions or contact us.【解题导语】本文对LSE暑期学校的课程、费用、申请要求等方面进行了介绍，以吸引更多的学生前来学习。1. You will probably find the passage_. Ain a magazine Bin a newspaper Cin a textbook Don a website解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段“
18、If you have any questions，please click here to see our frequently asked questions or contact us.”可知，此文可以在网站上看到，即D项正确。2According to the text, Jack, a fulltime student in London, will at least pay _for his onesession programme in LSE Summer School.A1,775 B1,825C2,500 D2,550解析：选B。数字计算题。根据表格可知：一个学期的学费至少
19、为1 775英镑，又根据下文的“In addition，a 50 application fee must be paid when submitting your application.”可知，杰克至少要花费1 825英镑，即B项正确。3. From the text we learn that_.Astudents may have lectures at night at timesBthe two programmes are only designed for foreign studentsCstudents who have passed the required examin
20、ations will get a certificateDa visa and fluent spoken English are required to study in LSE Summer School解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Assessment_and_examinations下的“Examinations are required and no exception can be made for any reason.Successful students are awarded a certificate and transcript.”可知，通过考试的学生可以拿到证书，即C
21、项正确。4. For what purpose is the text written? A. Attracting students to attend the programmes in LSE Summer School. BIntroducing some famous teachers and courses in LSE Summer School. CGetting students to know more about the programmes in the UK. DOffering some cheaper courses for students from the U
22、K.解析：选A。写作意图题。综合全文可知，本文旨在吸引学生参加LSE暑期学校的项目，即A项正确。CIt is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your heart.But what does happen
23、 if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestibleit is a mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body cant absorb.Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way
24、it would break down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子) and come out at the other end one or two da
25、ys later.The saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gums base ingredients are indigestible. Its then down to our stomach muscleswhich contract and relax, much like the way an earthworm mov
26、esto slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive tube than adultsbut this is extremely rare.文章大
27、意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。1Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because _.Athey believe the tall tales about chewing gumBchewing gum will stay in their body for yearsCtheir heart will be wrapped by chewing gumDchewing gum is indigestible for children答案
28、：A细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children.”以及对第二、三句话的理解可知，答案A符合文义。B、C两项只是分别说明了tall tale的内容，故排除。2What happens to the food that cant be fully broken down?AIt remains in our digestive system forever.BIt will be eventually moved out of our body.CIt will fight against the po
29、wer of the gut.DIt will stick to the gut for one or two days.答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句“After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving. come out at the other end one or two days later.”可知，答案B符合文义。3The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to _.AThe attempt BThe salv
30、iaCThe shell DThe gum base答案：B指代判断题。根据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知，此处的It是指第四段第一句中的The saliva(唾液)，故答案B符合文义。4What would be the best title for text?AHow does our digestive system work?BCan chewing gum be swallowed by kids?CDoes swallowing chewing gum matter?DWhy swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?答案：C标题概括题。文章第一段由
31、一个使小孩子害怕的说法导入话题，下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释，由此可推知，选项C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题。D(2016西宁三校联考)India is a country with 1.2 billion people，of which 30% still live in poverty，and 56% of the workforce is engaged in agriculture even though it contributes only 18% of GDP.Reforming Indias economy will therefore require
32、 more than just the relaxation of business regulations; it will require a massive reallocation of labor and the retraining of farm workers for other professions through better education and vocational training.In addition，only 29% of women in India are in the workforce even though they make up 50% o
33、f the population，which represents the severe underuse of a valuable resource，and a barrier to progress.The government with Modi as the Premier will have to create a basic construction to correct the problem of these inefficiencies.It is also important to note that the reorganization of Indias labor
34、force will take years，if not decades，to produce results for the economy.All this can push returns down for investors in the short and medium term.Another major challenge for Indias free market experiment will be the foundation of BJP (人民党)，which has its roots in religion.Free market economics cant w
35、ork properly without a truly free society，and the conservative social and political philosophies (思想体系) of Modis party could prevent that from happening. The rural base of the BJP also creates another risk for the agenda of the government.While Indias poor people will certainly benefit from economic
36、 reform，they are also the easiest to be exploited by some corporations and may require statesponsored welfare for existence.This creates an obvious contradiction for the government and a real free market in India.To lift the country economically，capitalist principles must be accepted completely，but
37、without state control，Indias poor and middle class may be left behind.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了印度的政治环境以及目前所面临的经济改革问题。1To change Indias economy more effectively，_.Abusiness regulations should be restrictedBfarm workers deserve retraining and reallocatingCmore people should be engaged in agricultureDwomen make up
38、 50% of the workforce解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“it will require a massive reallocation of labor and the retraining of farm workers”可知，需要重新分配劳动力和重新培训农民工，即B项正确。2Free market economics can function well with _.Atraditional social structuresBa society full of libertyCconservative political philosophiesDthe bas
39、ic policy of BJP解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Free market economics cant work properly without a truly free society”可知，自由市场经济能够正常运转需要一个真正自由的社会，即B项正确。3Under the control of the government，_ will benefit from the economic reform.Aboth commerce and industry Bboth state factories and local firms Cboth middle clas
40、s people and poor people Dboth urban and rural areas解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“While Indias poor people will certainly benefit from economic reform”和“but without state control，Indias poor and middle class may be left behind”可知，经济改革将使中产阶级的人和穷人都受益，即C项正确。4The tone of the author towards Indias economic refor
41、m is _.Afavorable Bdisapproving Coptimistic Ddoubtful解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章的第三段和第四段的“The rural base of the BJP also creates another risk for the agenda of the government.”可知，印度的经济改革挑战巨大、困难重重，作者对其持怀疑态度，即D项正确。EChinas admiration of outstanding scholars has turned the well-preserved childhood home of Tu Youyo
42、u,the Chinese pharmacologist(药理学家)who won the 2015 years Nobel Prize in Physiology(生理学),into a popular tourist destination.Since it was announced that Tu had become the first Chinese citizen to win this international prize,her former home in the old town of Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,has attracted vis
43、itors,especially parents and their children even though it is not open to the public.The house,where Tu lived until she went to university in Beijing,covers an area of 2,200 square meters and is priced at 150 million yuan($23.6 million).It is part of a complex of 37 traditional buildings,including s
44、everal city-and-district-level cultural relic preservation sites,that have been transformed into a high-end art,and commercial zone.“There are continually parents taking their children,from infants in strollers to college students,to take photos in front of Tus former home.Security guards have been
45、ordered to go on patrol around the clock,”said Mr Zhao,a salesperson from Ningbo Real Estate Inc.Co.Shanghai resident Xu Lingfei,who was on a trip to Ningbo,took her 9-year-old son to walk around the complex.“Chinese people believe in exams and awards and have a strong preference for high performers
46、.Taking children to visit the former dwelling places of celebrities(名人)is a way to inspire them to study harder,”Xu said.Something similar happened after Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in literature in 2012.Tourists started visiting Mos former home in rural Gaomi,Shandong Province in an endless stream s
47、tarting the day after he won the prize.Some even pulled the radishes planted in front of the house,and carried away some bricks.1.Tu Youyous former house is now popular mainly because.A.Tu won the Nobel PrizeB.it has some cultural relicsC.it covers a large areaD.it is a great art and commercial zone答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段“SinceitwasannouncedthatTuhadbecomethefirstChinesecitizentowinthisinternationalprize,herformerhomeintheoldtownofNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,hasattractedvisitors,especiallyparentsandtheirchildreneventhoughitisnotopentothepublic.”可知屠呦呦的故居现在受欢迎主要是因为屠呦呦获得诺贝