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1、专题五 短文改错20132015高考(新课标)全国卷短文改错各类考点及题量统计表短文改错考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。设题一般包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。通常是学生在英语运用中常见的错误。通过对近三年的短文改错题的分析，可以预测2016年短文改错的命题趋向将主要体现在以下几个方面：1命题难度基本保持稳定，体裁多以贴近学生生活的记叙文、应用文为主。文章一般为100词左右。2错误设置类型相对稳定，常见类型有：错词、多词、少词。3考查内容覆盖面广，分布合理，但有所侧重。从时态、语态、非谓语动词到各类词法(包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、关联词等)、句法等，均有所考查。4考查考
2、生对文章中心思想的把握，以及对文章的整体理解与结构的分析判断。(一)(2015全国)When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment
3、has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.(二)(2015全国
4、)One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to
5、 cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again. (三)(2014新课标全国)Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father，my
6、sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果)in our back garden.Since thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.As result，the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our ne
7、ighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!(四)(2014新课标全国)My dream school starts at 8：30 am.and ends at 3：30 pm.They are three lessons in the morning and t
8、wo in the afternoon.We didnt need to do so many homework.Therefore，we have more time with afterschool activities.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the
9、 classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends. (五)(2013新课标全国)I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only fo
10、ur when she passes away.She is just a distant memory for me now.I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall，with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.In a
11、fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.However，he was the gentlest man I have never known.(六)(2013新课标全国)The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.It is said to have started in the early 1800s.Have tea in the late afternoon provid
12、es a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.This custom soon becomes another meal of day.Interesting，it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.When tea got popular in Britain，ther
13、e was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.一、谓语动词考点1时态前后不一致 典例1 When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.(2015全国)分析整个语境讲的就是过去的事情，所以think也是当时的想法，故应该用一般过去时。故think改为thought。典例2 In the morning
14、s，it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees.(2015浙江)分析从前一句中的it was到后面一句的there was可以判断整个语境应该是一般过去时，所以将is改为was。典例3 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(2015全国)分析
15、句子的主语为A woman，谓语为saw，crying为宾补，and连接的是两个谓语，而不是两个宾补，所以telling应改为told。考点2缺少谓语或谓语动词形式错误典例1 We must found ways to protect our environment.(2015全国)分析情态动词must后应该跟动词原形，句中we与find之间为主谓关系，所以found应改为find。典例2 So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.(2014大纲全国)分析able是形容词不能直接作谓语动词，其前应加be，be able
16、 to do sth.意为“能够做某事”。考点3语态错误典例1 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015全国)分析studies与show之间为主动关系，所以应该去掉been。典例2 Tony was scared and begun to cry.(2015全国)分析was scared与begun为并列谓语，scared为形容词，表示过去的动作或状态，begin的过去式是began，所以begun改为began。典例3 Tea in
17、China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.(2013新课标全国)分析tea与drink之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态，动词drink的过去分词为drunk。考点4主谓不一致 典例1 My dream school look like a big garden.(2014新课标全国)分析整篇短文的语境为一般现在时，而且主语为第三人称单数My dream school，因此谓语动词应用looks。典例2 The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are oft
18、en up all night with the baby.(2014辽宁)分析本句主语为The early morning barking，baking为不可数名词作主语，故谓语动词have应改为has。考点5情态动词误用以及虚拟语气典例1 If you are me，would you talk to them？(2015四川)分析“如果你是我”这个假设一定是虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反，所以are改为were。典例2 My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make
19、my toys last.My attitude changed from then on.(2012新课标全国)分析must必须，一定，用在此处语境不合适。句意为：同时，我发现耐心一些，我可以让我的玩具持久些。所以应用could/might。方法归纳做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面：,(1)判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用。,(2)and，but，so，or等并列连词前后的时态是否一致。,(3)除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致。,(4)看是否考查虚拟语气。,(5)看谓语部分是否缺少动词，特别是be动词。,(6)看动词的形式是否正确，尤其注意第三人称单数形式是否错用。,(7)看主动语态和被
20、动语态是否错用。改错(每小题1处错误)1As I tell you last time，I made three new friends here.(2015四川)_2My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the best biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help.(2015陕西)_3Hello，boys and girls！Today，I am
21、 going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.(2014四川)_4I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people.(2014浙江)_5Suddenly.they were looked like rain！(2014陕西)_6Suddenly Mary，my best friend，asking me to let her copy
22、my answers.(2013四川)_7I wanted to give up，but my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.Finally，there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.(2013陕西)_8Here I am in the middle of a city,350 miles away from our farmhouse.Do you want to know why we move last week？(2013浙江)_9What I like
23、d best were the free highspeed Internet connection in the room.I checked my email messages every day.(2012陕西)_10I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.(2012浙江)_二、非谓语动词考点1动词不定式 典例1 Its been a month since I came to this new sc
24、hool and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015四川)分析want后跟带to的不定式作宾语。故want与动词share之间加to。典例2 The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(2015浙江)分析使役动词make后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补，即make sb. do sth.，表示“使某人做某事”，故felt改为feel。典例3 She used t
25、o holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013新课标全国)分析be used to doing是“习惯于干某事”，而used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，由句意可知应把holding改为hold。考点2动词的ing形式典例1 After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found.(2015全国)分析从后面的谓语动词可知整个语境用的是一般过去时。所以在looks前面加主语是不行的，所以只能改为非谓语动词作after的宾语。故looks改为looking。
26、典例2 Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新课标全国)分析分析句式结构可知句子的主语为Have tea in the late afternoon，所以应该用动名词形式作主语，即把Have 改为Having。考点3动词的过去分词典例 I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012陕西)分析此
27、处考查的是with复合结构，photos与take在逻辑上是动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词。故把taking改为taken。方法归纳句中已有谓语动词，若再出现动词，又没有并列连词，注意考虑非谓语动词形式，根据其在句中成分以及逻辑关系，来判断其形式是否正确。做短文改错时，需注意一下几个方面：(1)作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为ing形式了。(2)熟记其后只能接ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。(3)介词后要用动词的ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。(4)一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。(5)根
28、据非谓语动词或其逻辑主语的关系来确定用ing形式还是用ed形式。(6)别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。改错(每小题1处错误)1Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川)_2I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江)_3I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.(2015陕西)_4My favorite picture
29、at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015陕西)_5One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.(2014陕西)_6It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(2014辽宁)_7He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.(2014陕西)_8Fel
30、t hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013陕西)_9After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.(2013四川)_10He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people.(2013大纲全国)_三、名词考点1单复数或所有格错误典例1 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015全国)分析由后面的定语从句we br
31、eathe可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气”，air当“空气”讲时为不可数名词。故airs改为air。典例2 One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was.his parents were missing.Tony saw his parents.(2015全国)分析从后文可以看出Tony的父母一起和他去的商店，后文两次出现parents，所以应该将parent改为parents。典例3 When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clot
32、hes.(2011新课标全国)分析根据句意可知，当我最后到达“我朋友的家”(my friends)，他借给我许多衣服。故friend应改为friends。考点2词性转换错误典例1 This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013新课标全国)分析定冠词the后面应跟名词形式，故grow应改为growth。典例2 He has ruined his healthy.(2013辽宁)分析在形容词性的物主代词后应用名词，所以应把healthy改为health。方法归纳遇到名词首先注意区分名词是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰
33、语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格。常考考点如下：,(1)在several，few，many，one of，a couple of，three，one and a half，a large number of，scores of，dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。,(2)像advice，fun，homework，information，news，progress，equipment，furniture，baggage，luggage，jewellery，clothing等不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用
34、了复数。,(3)该用名词的所有格，而没有用。改错(每小题1处错误)1As I told you last time，I made three new friend here.(2015四川)_2My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.(2015浙江)_3Mum taught me some basic step of baking.(2015陕西)_4Weve called several time about Cleos early morning bark
35、ing.(2014辽宁)_5No one in the carriage had previously spoken to or even noticed the ticketowner before.Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.(2014浙江)_6For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.(2014新课标全国)_7Today we had a chemistry t
36、est.The teacher was angry because we had the same answers in the tests.(2013四川)_8Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish.(2013陕西)_9You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics.(2012重庆)_10Mom，I know I have never expressed my thank to you before.(2012四川)_四、形容
37、词与副词考点1形、副词或名词词性混淆典例1 Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.(2015全国)分析名词前应该用形容词作定语。故seriously应改为serious。典例2 Dad and I were terrible worried.(2015全国)分析worried为形容词化了的过去分词，修饰形容词应该用副词，所以应将terrible改为terribly。典例3 The fruits are small in size，but juicy a
38、nd taste.(2014新课标全国)分析句中的small，juicy与taste并列，所以应该都用形容词，故将taste改为tasty。考点2形、副词错用典例1 Nearly five years before，and with the help of our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.(2014新课标全国)分析相对于说话时以前用ago；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用before。故before改为ago。典例2 As a result，the plants a
39、re growing somewhere.(2014新课标全国)分析somewhere意为“某处”，而根据句意“植物到处生长”。故somewhere应改为everywhere。典例3 I remember my grandfather very much.(2013新课标全国)分析“我对祖父的记忆非常好/清楚”，而非“多”。故much应改为well/clearly。考点3修饰词错用或多余典例1 Much rare animals are dying out.(2015全国)分析animals为可数名词复数形式，所以用many修饰，much只能修饰不可数名词。故Much改为Many。典例2 He
40、 liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.(2015全国)分析此处为so.that句式，所以much前用副词so修饰。故去掉very 典例3 We dont need to do so many homework.(2014新课标全国)分析homework为不可数名词，前面应用much修饰，因此把many改为much。考点4比较等级误用典例1 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(2015陕西)分
41、析由该句中的in the world以及前面的the可知此处应该用形容词的最高级。故better改为best。典例2 To make matters bad，now I have to share a room with my younger sister，Maggie.(2013浙江)分析to make matters worse使事情更糟糕的是，为固定搭配。故bad改为worse。考点5分词化形容词混用典例1 I am awfully tiring，but I know Ill never fall asleep.(2013浙江)分析由句意知，“我感到非常疲乏”，应用tired。故tiri
42、ng应改为tired。典例2 Gradually，I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered the college.(2012重庆)分析对感兴趣，应该用interested。故interesting应改为interested。方法归纳对于形容词和副词的考查，注意以下几点：,(1)作定语、表语、补语，用形容词。,(2)作状语，修饰动词、形容词、全句，用副词。,(3)注意比较级与最高级的比较对象或范围；单音节形容词的比较级前，不可再加more。,(4)注意many，much，(a) few，(
43、a) little；very，so，(n)ever，hardly等修饰词的用法。改错(每小题1处错误)1On the lefthand side of the class，I could easy see the football field.(2015浙江)_2I thought the biscuits were really well.(2015陕西)_3That is too much for us，considering how closely the houses are.(2014辽宁)_4Dont panic or get out of line and try to rema
44、in quiet and calmly.(2014四川)_5Beside，Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.(2014辽宁)_6No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticketowner before.(2014浙江)_7My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.(2014陕西)_8Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test difficulty，but I tried hard to do it.(2013四川)_9After waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatiently.(2013陕西)_10Whenever I think of the old days，I feel very happily.(2012重庆)_五、代词考点1人称不一致典例1 We must find ways to