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1、Noun clauses as the subject,主语从句,Grammar,4. To find your way can be a problem.,3. Smoking is bad for you.,1. Jane works hard.,5. Being elected as monitor is an honor.,6 .What she said is not yet known.,7. That we shall be late is certain.,8. It is certain that we shall be late.,Subject（主语）,A sentenc
2、e served as subject is called Subject Clause.,2. You are a student.,主语：句子说明的人或事物,一般位于_。,句首,3. The old should be respected.,（名词 ）,（代词）,(名词化的形容词),（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,（动名词）,1由从属连词 that whether, if 引导,3由连接副词where, when, how, why,引导,2由连接代词who, whom, whose,what,which引导,三、由 it 作形式主语的主语从句,二、主语从句连接词,一、如何理解主语从句,
3、主语从句,四、主语从句注意事项,五、连接代词与连接副词易混点,六、区别主语从句与强调句型,他通过了考试让老师很高兴。He passed the exam.It made the teacher happy.He passed the exam made the teacher happy. He passed the exam, which made the teacher happy.That he passed the exam made the teacher happy.,一：如何理解主语从句,他何时要来还不清楚。When will he come?It is not clear.Wh
4、en will he come is not clear. When he will come is not clear.,That he will succeed is certain.Whether he will come makes no difference.What we need is more time.,怎样找出主语从句以及主句和从句,Tip:先找主句谓语动词,【例句呈现】 观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词:1. What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.该句中主语从句是 _，引导词为 _。,Wh
5、at is needed for a,what,long trip,练一练,2. That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody.该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为_。3. Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为_。,That Jay Zhou will,Whether we will,come to my city,that,travel abroad or not,whether,4. Whoever knows the
6、secret mustnt tell others.该句中主语从句是_ _，引导词为_。5. It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。,Whoever knows the,whoever,why dinosaurs died,why,secret,out suddenly long time ago,主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有从属连词 that, whether, if；连接代词 who(ever), whom, what(ever), whose
7、, whose(ver), which(ever)；连接副词 when(ever), where(ver), how(ever), why等。,二：主语从句的连接词,1. 从属连词: that, whether, if that 引导主语从句只起引导作用, 本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分, 但不能省略。,We all know that yesterday our English teacher praised us in the classroom。 That yesterday our English teacher praised us in the classroom is
8、 known to us all. We dont know if / whether English teacher praise us yesterday. Whether English teacher praise us or not is not known to us. （if 不可位于句首 ）,Yesterday our English teacher praised us in the classroom.,Yesterday our English teacher praised us in the classroom in a funny manner because we
9、 performed well.,就划线部分提问,Who praised us in the classroom yesterday?,Whom did our english teacher praise yesterday ?,What did our english teacher do yesterday in the classroom?,When did our English teacher praise us in the classroom?,Where did our english teacher us praise yesterday?,Why did our engl
10、ish teacher praise us yesterday ?,How did our english teacher praise us yesterday in the classroom?,主语,宾语,宾语,时间状语,地点状语,方式状语,原因状语,Which teacher praised us yesterday?,定语,将所有特殊疑问句放在 We dont know 之后:,We dont know who praised us in the classroom. We dont know whom our english teacher praised yesterday in
11、 the classroom?We dont know what did our english teacher do yesterday in the classroom?We dont know when did our English teacher praise us in the classroom?We dont know where did our english teacher us praise ?We dont know how did our english teacher praise us yesterday in the classroom?We dont know
12、 why did our english teacher praise us yesterday in the classroom?We dont know which teacher praised us yesterday in the classroom?,主语,宾语,宾语,时间状语,地点状语,方式状语,原因状语,定语,宾语从句,将所有特殊疑问句放在 is not known to us all 之前,Who praised us yesterday is not known to us all Whom our english teacher praise is not known t
13、o us all.What did our english teacher do yesterday is not known to us all.When did our English teacher praise us is not known to us all?Where did our english teacher us praise is not known to us all.How did our english teacher praise us is not known to us all. Why did our english teacher praise us i
14、s not known to us all.Which teacher praised us yesterday is not known to us all.,将所有特殊疑问句放在 is not known to us all 之前,主语,宾语,宾语,时间状语,地点状语,方式状语,原因状语,定语,主语从句,2.连接词 wh-疑问词引导的主语从句,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when, who, why, how or that.,1.( _ is needed for success) is your hard wor
15、k.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.,2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.,4.(_can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.,What,Where / Whether,Who,Whether,That,6. (_
16、 the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.,Why,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,When/How,主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如:,1. That yesterday our English teacher praised us in the classroom is known to us all._ _2.That they should like each other is natural. _,*i
17、t为形式主语,It is natural that they should like each other.,It is known to us all that he will refuse this piece of advice.,三、由 it 作形式主语的主语从句,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is /系动词+ n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact/ a problem/a wonder/an honner/a surprise/no wonder难怪/g
18、ood news/a good thing/a question /that 是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识_(很遗憾) we lost the match._ (这是事实) he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,2) It is /系动词+ adj. +从句 常见的形容词有： Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 可能 It is (un)likely that. 不可能 It is obvious that 很明显 It is
19、 necessary/ important /natural /clear/ right/strange /surprising /interesting /essential/. that_(可能)she will come back tomorrow._ (很明显)this measure is effective.,+(should) +do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,3) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said/told/heard that. 据说 It is well known to all . 众所周知 It
20、is reported/announced . 据报道 It is found out. 据查明.It is estimated. 据估计 It is believed/hoped/thought/considered.人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 人们建议It must be admitted 必须承认 It cannot be denied 不可否认 It must be pointed out 需指出的是 *_(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建议)we should eat m
21、ore vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,4) It +不及物动词+从句 It happened that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起*_(刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.,It happened that,It occurred to me that,四、主语从句注意事项,1. What we need _ more perso
22、ncal computers but what we lack_ exactly enough money.2. When they will set off for London and where they will stay _ not been decided yet3.When and where the meeting will be held _ not been decided yet. 4. _ price will go up is certain.,are,is,have,has,That,1.主语从句应用陈述语气2. 单个的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 但是w
23、hat 引导的主语从句作主语时，位于动词的数应与作表语的名词保持一致。 两个或两个以上的主语 从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数； 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 3.that引导的主语从句中，that不可被省略,巧记主语从句,整句作主语，其后单谓语莫忘加连词，that不略但无义“是否”置前用whether,其他应用靠翻译主语从句可后置，只需形式主语it把它替,Summary : 在复合句中，充当 _的从句叫主语从句，是 _的一种，通常放在 _ 之前。 主语从句的连接词有从属连词，连接代词和连接副词。从属连词在从句中_做任何成分，连接代词在从句中作_, _, _, _等，连接
24、副词在从句中充当_。,主语,名词性从句,主句谓语动词,不,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,1.wh-与wh-ever引导主语从句的区别（也是引导名词从句的区别）wh-表示疑问含义，而wh-ever无论.强调一切情况。whatever=anything that; whoever=anyone who；whichever=any.that1)Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.2)Whoever broke the glass should be punished.3)_ leaves the room ought to turn off the
25、lights. 4) It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. (whatever = anything that) 5)_ of you gets there first will get the prize.6) _ impresses me about his painting is the color.7)I promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.,五.连接代词与连接副词易混
26、点,Whoever,whatever,What,Whichever,whoever,2. 如何判断是用wh-还是用wh-ever引导主语从句，或者名词从句做题时，我们要认真分析语境，看看句子要表达什么意思，如果表示任何一个人或事物，无范围可言，就用wh-ever;如果有疑问的含义，且指的是具体的人或物，就用wh-,_will come to help with my English hasnt been decided._ break the class rules will be punished.A. No matter who B. Whoever C .Who D.Whatever,C
27、,A,3.wh-ever 和no matter wh-的区别。wh-ever 既可引导主语从句（或名词从句), 又可引导让步状语从句，no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句，从句置于主句前后均可。引导让步状语从句时，两者可以相互转换。1) No matter who/Whoever breaks the rule, he/she will be punished.2) Whoever breaks the rule will be punished.3)No matter where/Wherever you go, you will find KFC4) Ill always hel
28、p you, no matter what (happens).Notice: no matter + wh- 有时可用在句尾而没有动词跟在后面。如：,让步状语从句,主语从句,让步状语从句,观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结规律。(1) What you lack is self-confidence. 译为：_2) That more and more students are admitted into universities is true.译为：_(3) What is needed for the program is more wisdom. 译为：_,这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧
29、。,越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。,你所缺乏的是自信。,5. 区别连接词 that what,结论；what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that引导从句，不充当成分。,【巩固练习】 用what或that填空。(1) _ he told us this morning was just a lie.(2) _ is important to us is enough time.(3) It worries my mom _ she is beginning to get a little fat.(4) _ we cant get seems bette
30、r than _ we have.,What,What,that,What,what,翻译下列句子，指出what 从句具体指代的内容1. Theyve done what they can to help her. 2. He is no longer what he was. 3. Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.,他们已经尽力帮助了她。what表示“的事情” (all) the things that,我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。what表示“的数量或数目”the amount that。,他已经不是以前的那个样子了
31、。what表示“的人或.的样子” the man that,似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 what表示“的时间”the time that。 1492年哥伦布到达了现在称作美洲大陆的地方。 what表示“的地方” the place that。,4. After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 5. In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America.,what含义上相当于汉语的“所”字结构或“的”字结构，表达人或物(含时间，地点，数目等)，相当于定语从句中
32、“先行词关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词。,六 It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较,It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It
33、 is John that/who broke the window.,翻译下列句子，判断画线部分从句中哪些是主语从句，哪些是强调句型并简述1. It happened that nobody was on wattch when the electricity was cut off. 2. It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.3. It is at dawn that the murder took place. 4. It is important that we should arouse the awareness of se
34、lfprotection.5. It occurred to me that he had informed me of the dos and donts in the examination.,主语从句与强调句型的区别1主语从句中的it可以用that从句代替，强调句型不可以。如：It is necessary that we should attend the meeting on time.That we should attend the meeting is necessary.,2强调句型中It is/was和that之间的部分叫被强调部分，当把It is/was和that三个单词
35、去掉时，被强调部分可以还原到句子适当位置，而在含有主语从句的句子中It is/was和that之间的部分叫表语，不可 置于其他位置。,1. 那之后，琥珀屋的去向（发生的事情）仍旧是个迷。2. 我突然想起明天不得不去参加一个重要的会议。(Occur) 3. 王鹏的餐馆能否赢回客户有待观察。(It remains to be seen.) 4. 很遗憾，你没有遵守诺言。5. 很明显是网络让人们相互沟通变得容易。 6. 据说，我们的新图书馆（面积）将会是现在的图书馆四倍大。（It is done.）7. 学英语最重要（要紧）的是做够多的练习。8. 让他困惑的事情是为什么他的父亲阻止他去另一个城市工作
36、。（主语+表语从句）9. 什么时候战争从世界消失取决于我们自己。10. 地球与其他星球的不同之处是我们最感兴趣的事情。（主语+表语从句）,1. After that, what happened to the amber room remains a mystery.2. It suddenly occurred to me that i had to attend an important meeting int Shanghai tomorrow.3. It remains to be seen whether Wang Pengs restaurant can win his custo
37、mers back.4. Its a pity that you didnt keep your word.5. Its obvious that it is the internet that makes it easy to communicate with each other.6. It is said that our new library will be four times as large as/larger than/the size of the present one.7. What matters most in learning English is enough
38、practice.8. What puzzled him/ what he puzzled about/over was why his father prevent him from going to work in another city.9. When the war will disappear form the world depend on ourselves.10. Where the earth is different from /differs from the other planets is what we are most interested in./What we are most interested in are the differences between the earth and the other planets.,