《专题十四 特殊句式 课件新高考英语一轮复习.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题十四 特殊句式 课件新高考英语一轮复习.pptx（59页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、专题十四 特殊句式,一、省略,1. 状语从句的省略（1）当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或是 it，且从句谓语中含 be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。Dont speak until (you are) spoken to. 有人和你说话时你再说。Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. 如果可能的话，就明天来吧。She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。（2）用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用“if + so/not”省略句式
2、。Get up early tomorrow. If not (=If you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus. 明天要早起。如果你不早起，你就赶不上首班公共汽车。He may not be at home. If so (=If he is not at home then), leave him a note.那时他可能不在家。如果他不在家的话，给他留个便条。,2. 不定式的省略在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中与前面句子中相同的动词（短语）， 只保留不定式符号to.否定形式的省略用 not to.但如果不定式中
3、含有 be，have，have been，通常保留be，have 和 have been。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.我叫他看电影，但是他不想看。The driver wanted to park his car by the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那位司机想把车停在路边，但警察不让他那样做。,练习：1.Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes. , Im going to vi
4、sit some homes for the old in the city.A.If everB.If busyC.If anythingD.If possible2.Joshua is a quiet and shy boy. He rarely, _ makes speeches in front of his classmates.A. if everB. if notC. if anyD. if so,1.答案：D解析：考查四个省略结构。if ever意为“如果有过的话(如果发生过的话)”;根据题意可知if busy是if I am busy的省略,与下文语意矛盾; if anyth
5、ing的意思是“更可能的是,总之”,是if there is anything的省略; if possible“如果可能的话”是if it is possible的省略。此处意为“如果可能的话,我将去城里的一些老年之家看看”。 2.答案：A,练习：3.-Will you go to the party?- Of course I will if _.A. invited B. having invitedC. I was invited D. I will be invited4.The engineer cannot spare any time this afternoon. _, can
6、 we fix the computer by ourselves?A. If any B. If everC. If soD. If only,3.答案：A解析：根据句意“如果邀请我,我就去”可知if 引导一个现在时被动语态的句子表示将来,B、C、D三项都不恰当,A项invited可与if 构成一个省略句,所以A正确。4.答案：C解析：本题考查省略句if any如果有一些；if ever如果曾经；if so如果这样；if only但愿根据句意和结构可知用if so=if the engineer cannot spare any time this afternoon故选：C,练习：5.Da
7、niel has undertaken to keep the secret, so he wont tell anyone even though _.A. asked to keepB. to be askedC. to askD. asked to,5.答案：D解析：句意: 丹尼尔答应保守这个秘密, 所以即使问他也不会告诉任何人。此处是even though引导的让步状语从句, 从句主语和主句主语都是he, 和ask之间是被动关系, 主语和be动词可以省略, 完整形式是 even though he was asked to tell anyone, 且ask sb. to do sth
8、.可以省略与前面相同的部分, 只留下动词不定式符号to。故选D。,二、倒装句,1. 完全倒装谓语部分完全放在主语之前为完全倒装句。（1）表示方向、时间或方位、地点的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，put，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首。On the table were some flowers. 桌子上有一些花。Then followed three days of heavy rain. 接下来下了三天大雨。Out rushed the children laughing loudly. 孩子们大笑着冲了
9、出去。（2）such置于句首时Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，一个简朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。Such are the facts; no one can deny them.这些就是事实，没有人能否定它们。,（3）表语置于句首时为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分，可将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语等置于句首，构成完全倒装形式，即“形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语-be+主语”。表语位于句首的倒装句，其谓语通常是be动词。Happy
10、are those who are contented. 知足者常乐。Present at the meeting were twenty teachers and thirty students.20位老师和30名学生参加了会议。,2. 部分倒装（1）only修饰副词、介词短语或从句作状语，且放在句首时Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。（2）表否定意义的副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under
11、/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时Never before have I seen such a moving film.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。Not a single mistake did he make.他一个错误也没犯。（3）“so + be/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为：也是如此They love making lots of friends; so do I.他们喜欢交很多朋友，我也是如此。,（4）“neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为：也不 Lily
12、cant ride a bicycle neither/ nor can Lucy.莉莉不会骑自行车，露西也不会。（5）So + adj./adv.+部分倒装+that.Such（+a/an）+adj.+n. +部分倒装+that.To such a degree/length/.+部分倒装+that. 如此以至于Such a fine day is it that wed like to play outside. 天气如此好以至于我们想去外面玩。To such a length did he speak that everyone got bored. 他的讲话如此冗长以至于人人都烦了。（
13、6）“Neither+部分倒装, nor+部分倒装”表示：既不也不Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. 我不知道这件事，也不关心。,（7）“Not only+部分倒装, but also. . .”表示：不仅而且Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供药物治疗。 （8）not until 作状语或引导状语从句置于句首时，句子/主句需部分
14、倒装，意为：直到才。Not until 4: 00 in the morning could he fall asleep. 直到凌晨4点他才睡着。Not until I came last night did Mum go to bed. 昨天晚上直到我来了妈妈才上床睡觉。（9）含助动词 had，were 或情态动词should的if 虚拟条件从句，如将if省略时（详见“虚拟语气”部分）,3. 形式倒装形式上的倒装在语法上称为用置。它的特点是：只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。（1）感叹句What an interesting talk they had! 他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀
15、！（2）“the+比较级, the +比较级”句型The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.你听英语听得越多，它就变得越简单。（3）whatever/however引导的让步状语从句However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 无论这个问题会有多难，今晚我们必须解决它。,（4）as，though引导让步状语从句采用倒装形式的情况表语的倒装Tired as/though he was, he still went on with hi
16、s work. 尽管很累，他还是继续工作。谓语动词的倒装Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. 尽管尽力了，但他考试还是不及格。状语的倒装Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. 他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。,练习：,1.Autumn coming, _.A. downtheleavesfallB. downfalltheleavesC. falldowntheleavesD. leavesfallingdown2.Here_ someone _. Lets see who it
17、is.It might be John according to the figure, but Im not sure.A. is coming; runningB. comes; runningC. comes; is runningD. is coming; is running,1.答案：B解析：根据句意理解及对句子的观察，可知空格处是一个完全倒装句。当主语是名词，谓语是表示运动的动词，且表示运动方向的副词置于句首时，该句要进行完全倒装，即谓语要完全放置在主语前。 故选：B。随着秋天的到来，树叶掉下来了。熟练掌握表示运动方向的副词置于句首时完全倒装的用法。2.答案：B,练习：,3._t
18、he physical responses are a sense of comfort and a rush of relaxation.A.AccompaniedB.Being accompaniedC.AccompanyingD.To accompany4.Look, here _.Oh, its my secretary. But I _ him to pick me up at seven oclock.A. comes a car; had toldB. comes a car; toldC. does a car come; had toldD. a car comes; to,
19、3.答案：C解析：考察表语倒装。一种放松和舒展的感觉会随着这种生理反应而来。原句语序：A sense of comfort and a rush of relaxation are accompanying the physical responses. 这里是accompanying表示主动，故选C。4.答案：B解析：本题第一空考查here放在句首, 句子需要完全倒装, 故答案在A、B中产生。而第二空则是过去的一个事实, 意为: 我告诉他7点来接我。故用一般过去时, 所以选择B。,练习：,5.Then _ we had been looking forward to.A. came the
20、momentB. the moment cameC. comes the momentD. the moment comes,5.答案：A解析：句意: 我们一直期盼的时刻到来了。句中有表示时间的副词置于句首时, 句子用全部倒装, 句中有 had been表示过去完成时, 所以句中的谓语动词用一般过去时的形式, 才符合题意的要求, 故选A。,三、祈使句,1. 定义： 表示命令、建议、请求、禁止、警告、劝告等的句子。2. 形式：肯定式：动词原形（其他成分）Stand there! 站在那里！Let+宾语+动词原形Let me have a break. 让我歇会儿。Be+过去分词Be seated
21、, please. 请坐。否定式：在肯定式前加dont或do notDont be so sure. 别那么有把握。Please dont forget to take your medicine. 请你不要忘了吃药。Dont let him go! 别让他走！Let+宾语+not+动词原形Let him not stand in the rain. 让他别站在雨里了。,强调式：Do+动词原形Do tell me the truth. 务必和我说实话。No+（动）名词No parking! 禁止停车！Never+动词原形Never come late. 千万别迟到。,3. 带主语的祈使句（1）
22、为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需加主语“you”， 有时还可同时加称呼语。Tom, you water the flowers! 汤姆，你浇花！（2）命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需加主语“you”， 还可同时加称呼语。You, girls, clean the desks; you, boys, sweep the floor.你们女生，擦桌子。你们男生，打扫地板。,（3）在表达“不高兴，厌烦”等情绪时，可加主语“you”。You mind your own business! 你少管闲事！（4）祈使句的主语除了用“you”外，还可用“everybody, ever
23、yone”等，它们的位置可以放在句末。Be quiet, everyone! 大家静下来！,练习：1._ spending summer moving from the coach to the computer, by aiming for a specific goal, like volunteering, mastering a new skill, or working at a job.A.AvoidingB.AvoidC.ResistingD.Resist2.Tommy，_your doctors advice or your cold will get worse.Afollo
24、w Bfollowing Cfollowed Dfollows,1.答案：B2.答案：A解析：考查祈使句的语法结构。句意：汤米，遵从医嘱，否则你的感冒会加重。此处为对汤米的直接要求、命令，属祈使句，句首动词应用原形。故选A。,练习：3. , I think, and the problems could be settled.A. If you double your efforts B. So long as you keep up your spiritsC. Making greater efforts D. A bit more efforts4._ that he understan
25、ds what is to be done. A. Making sure B. To make sure C. Make sure D. Having made,3.答案：D解析：考查祈使句。A. If you double your efforts 如果你加倍努力；B. So long as you keep up your spirits只要你打起精神来；C. Making greater efforts 做出更大的努力；D. A bit more efforts多一点努力。句意： 我想，再努力一点，问题可能就能解决。故答案选D。4.答案：C,练习：5.The women carryin
26、g babies, come in first, _?A. will youB. will theyC. dont theyD. dont you,5.答案：A解析：根据逗号及语境可知, The women carrying babies为称呼语, 而come in first为祈使句, 根据祈使句的反意疑问句形式可知答案应为A。,四、感叹句,What (+a/an) +形容词名词（主语谓语）！How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词/副词（主语谓语）！How+主语谓语！What a clever boy he is! =How clever the boy is!
27、=How clever a boy he is!多聪明的男孩子啊！What beautiful flowers they are! =How beautiful the flowers are! 多美的花啊！How wonderful (it is)! 真棒！How time flies!时间过得真快啊！,练习：1._ you are asking!A. How silly questionB. What a silly questionC. How a silly questionD. What silly a question2._ fun it is to relax ourselves
28、 in a nature reserve15 km _ south of Hangzhou!A. What; theB. How; /C. What; /D. How; the,1.答案：B解析：句意: 你问得问题多么傻呀!What +a+adj + n., 所以用what引导感叹句, 故选B。 2.答案：C解析：句意: 在杭州南面15千米的一个自然保护区放松身心好开心啊!感叹句: how +形容词+名词+ 谓语, 有具体数字直接+方向+of., 故选C。,练习：3._ I wish I were her, showing the world the wonderful culture of
29、China.A. WhatB. HowC. IfD. So4.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was!A. How dangerous the sceneB. What dangerous a sceneC. How a dangerous sceneD. What a dangerous scene,3.答案：B解析：句意: 我多么希望我是她呀, 向世界展示中国文化。How+句子结构, how可以直接跟句子引导感叹句, 故选B。 4.答案：D解析：what和how的感叹句
30、结构分别为what + (a/ an) + adj + n+ 主语 +谓语 + (it is), How + adj( adv) + 主语+谓语+ (it is)。故选D。该句意思为: 那个小男孩开始在机动车道上全力骑自行车。真是惊险的一幕。,5._ it is to jump out of an airplane at 10,000 feet!A. What an exciting experienceB. How exciting experienceC. How an exciting experienceD. What exciting experience,5.答案：A解析：感叹句结
31、构为:What + (a/an) +(形容词) +单数可数名词+主语+谓语!或How + adj. (adv.) +主语+谓语+(it is)。故选A。,五、强调句,1. 陈述句It is/was/情态动词+be+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that，被强调部分非“人”时用that。It is I who/that am right.（强调主语）我是对的。It was him that/who we met at the school gate.（强调宾语）我们在学校门口遇见的是他。It was in the park that Tom lost h
32、is watch.（强调状语）汤姆是在公园丢失了他的手表。2. 一般疑问句Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？,3. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他成分?Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗户的是谁？4. not untilIt is/was not until +被强调部分+that+其他成分。It was not until ten oclock that he w
33、ent to bed. 直到10点他才上床睡觉。5. 强调谓语动词将助动词do，did或does放在动词原形前。He did write to you last week.上周他的确给你写信了。Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆的确学习很努力。,练习：1.- Have you seen the film forever young?- Of course, I have. It was in our city _ it was made. A. when B. where C. that D. which,1.答案：C解析：考查强调句型强调句型的基本结构为：It is/w
34、as被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点是把it is/wasthat/who去掉，句子仍然成立本题强调的是地点状语in our village；句意 ：-你看过 Forever Young 这部电影吗？-当然；我看过了它就是在我们的城市里拍的所以C选项是正确的,练习：2.It is not until all the fish died in the river _how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realizeB.that the villagers realizedC.the villagers did rea
35、lizeD.didnt the villagers realize,2.答案：B解析：本题考查倒装句和强调句否定词或具有（半）否定意义的词或词组置于句首作状语时，句子要部分倒装本题中含有带有否定词的notuntil句型，但是本题把该句型放在了强调句结构中，对notuntil句式的强调有固定的句型，即It is / was not untilthat，否定词not一块被放在了被强调部分，那么可排除D；此时否定词not没有置于句首，那么句子不需要使用倒装结构，可排除A；强调句型It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份that只起连接作用，不
36、作成份，但不能省略，可排除C故选：B,练习：3.It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.A. when B. that C. which D. what4.It was almost five years later _ he brought back some happy memories.A. sinceB. whenC. thatD. before,3.答案：B解析：句意: 直到阅读了这些文件之
37、后,Gross先生才意识到摆在他面前的任务是极难完成的。本题考查强调句。It is/was. that.是强调句型, 本题强调时间状语。其正常语序是: Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers.4.答案：C,5.It was not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _benefits our work best. A.whoB.whichC.
38、thatD.what,5.答案：C解析：考查强调句。句意：对我们的工作最有利的不是我们做了多少，而是我们在工作中投入了多少爱。根据句意和句子结构可知此句是强调句，基本结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他，句中被强调部分是not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，故选C。,六、there be句型,1.there be 句型概述there be 句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物/人”。在这种结构中，there是引导词，be后面的名词是主语，句子的结尾是地点（时间）状语。There is
39、a big tree in front of the classroom. 教室前有棵大树。There will be a meeting at the conference room at 8 oclock tomorrow morning.明天上午8点在会议室有一个会议。2.there be 句型的主谓一致如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be要采用就近一致原则。There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔，两本书，还有许多铅笔。,3.there be 句型的时态there be 句型有不同的时态形式，
40、而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。There was a meeting in our school yesterday.昨天在我们学校召开了一个会议。There will be a new film on Sunday.星期日将上映一部新电影。There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自那时起，我们国家发生了很多巨大的变化。There cant be any mistakes in his passage.他的文章里不可能有什么错误。,4.there be 句型的谓语there be句型中的谓语动词be有时可
41、用 seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 或用 remain, stand, lie, go, come, exist, follow, live, occur等替换。There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.他的电脑可能有毛病。Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple. 从前，那座庙里住着一个老和尚。,5.there be 句型的非谓语形式There being no enough time left, we
42、have to hurry (Because there is no enough time left, . . .) 所剩时间不够多了，我们得抓紧。 （独立主格结构作状语）There having been no water for two days, the travelers were all very thirsty. (Because there had been no water for two days . . . ,) 已经断水两天了，这些游客都口渴得很厉害。（独立主格结构作状语）What is the chance of there being an election thi
43、s year?今年举行选举的可能性有多大？（there be 的动名词形式作of的宾语）I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. 我希望他有很多机会找到工作。 （there be 的不定式结构作expect的宾语）,6.there be 的常用句型There is no point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义There is no doubt about . . . /that . . . 毫无疑问There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. （某人）没必要做某事
44、There is no difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 做某事没困难There is no chance/possibility of (doing) sth. /that从句（做）某事没有可能,练习：1.Can you tell me how many colors _ in a rainbow?Seven.A.there are B. are there C. they are D. are they2.The population there _ so diligent that they changed the small fishing villag
45、e into a modern city.A. isB. areC. wasD. were,1.答案：A解析：根据选项内容和Can you tell me可知，考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，how many colours _ in a rainbow应该是陈述语序，排除BD；又因为there be 句型表示有得知，主语不能是they，故选A2.答案：D,练习：3.Is there _on that plate? A.some chicken B.any chicken C.some chickens D.any chickens4._ no point in beating aro
46、und the bush. Lets _.A. Its;come straight to the pointB. Theres;come to the pointC. This is;get to the pointD. That is;reach the point5.Despite _no hope of recovery, the disease sometimes permits its victim to linger on for many months in great torment.A. there is B. there to be C. there being D. th
47、ere be,3.答案：B4.答案：B解析：考查固定句型和固定词组。固定句型:There is no point没有意义;come to the point开门见山。句意:拐弯抹角没有意义。我们开门见山。故B正确。5.答案：C解析：句意:尽管没有康复的希望,但有时疾病会让病人在痛苦中挣扎好几个月。despite为介词,后接动名词作宾语。,七、反意疑问句,反意疑问句由两部分构成：陈述部分+疑问部分。陈述部分是肯定形式时，疑问部分用否定形式，且否定形式必须为省略式：陈述部分是否定形式时，疑问部分用肯定形式，即 “前肯定、后否定；前否定，后肯定”， 疑问部分的主语要用代词。陈述部分和疑问部分的主语以
48、及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。,1. 陈述部分含有must/may（might）的反意疑问句当must 作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用 neednt; 当含有mustnt (不允许，禁止）时，其反意疑问部分用 must或may。You must go now, neednt you? 你现在必须走，不是吗？You mustnt smoke here, must/may you? 你不要在这里吸烟，行吗？当must/may (might) 表示推测，即must 作“一定，准是”讲，may/might 作“可能”讲时，可首先将句子改为“I am (not) sure + that 从
49、句”，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据be (not) sure 后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。,You must/may (might) be hungry now, _? I am sure that you are hungry now, arent you? You must/may (might) be hungry now, arent you?你现在一定/可能饿了，不是吗？You must have watched that football match last night, _? I am sure that you watched that football match las
50、t night, didnt you? You must have watched that football match last night, didnt you?你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了，不是吗？（陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语 last night）,2. 陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句陈述部分含有used to时，其反意疑问部分用 usednt 或didnt均可。You used to sleep with the windows open, usednt/didnt you? 你过去常开着窗户睡觉，不是吗？3. 陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句陈述部分含有 ought