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1、英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版（英语专业大三必备）英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备) 英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪1485） 贝奥武甫（Beowulf） 高文爵士和绿衣骑士（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ) 杰弗利乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) “英国诗歌之父”。（Father of English Poetry） 坎特伯雷故事（The Canterbury Tales ） 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期17世纪初） 托马斯莫尔 （Thomas More ）
2、 乌托邦（Utopia） 埃德蒙斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser） 仙后（The Faerie Queene) 弗兰西斯培根（Francis Bacon） 论说文集（Essays) 克里斯托弗马洛 Christopher Marlowe 帖木儿大帝（Tamburlaine） 浮士德博士的悲剧（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus） 马耳他岛的犹太人（The Jew of Malta ） 威廉莎士比亚William Shakespeare 喜剧仲夏夜之梦（A Midsummer Nights Dream）、威尼斯商
3、人（The Merchant of Venice） 悲剧罗密欧与朱丽叶（Romeo and Juliet）、哈姆莱特（Hamlet）、奥赛罗（Othello）、李尔王（King Lear）、麦克白（Macbeth） 历史剧亨利四世（Henry IV） 传奇剧暴风雨（The Tempest） 本琼生 Ben Johnson 人人兴奋（Every Man in His Humor） 狐狸（Volpone） 练金术士（The Alchemist ） 三、17世纪文学 约翰弥尔顿 John Milton 失乐园（Paradise Lost） 复乐园（Paradise Regained） 诗剧力士参孙（
4、Samson Agonistes） 约翰班扬（John Bunyan） 天路历程（The Pilgrims Progress） 威廉康格里夫（William Congreve） 以爱还爱（Love for Love） 如此世道（The Way of the World ） 四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期18世纪中期） 18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完备与和谐。亚历山大蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。 乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 格列佛 丹尼尔笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父
5、 鲁滨孙漂流记（Robinson Crusoe） 亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 汤姆琼斯（Tom Jones） 乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 格列佛游记 Gullivers Travels 丹尼尔笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父 鲁滨孙漂流记（Robinson Crusoe） 亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 汤姆琼斯（Tom Jones） 奥利弗哥尔德斯密斯 Oliver Goldsmith 荒村（The Deserted Village） 詹姆斯汤姆逊James Thomson 四季歌（The Seasons） 威廉柯林斯 William C
6、ollins 黄昏颂（Ode to Evening） 托马斯格雷 Thomas Gray 墓园哀歌（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ） 五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832） 罗伯特彭斯 Robert Burns 威廉布莱克 William Blake 威廉华兹华斯 William Wordsworth 塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 抒情歌谣集（Lyrical Ballads ） Byron,Shelley,Keats 六、现实主义时期文学（19世纪30年头-1918）（维多利亚时代1832-1901） 罗伯
7、特布朗宁 Robert Browning戏剧独白 皮帕走过了（Pippa Passes） 指环与书（The Ring and the Book） 阿尔弗雷德丁尼生 Alfred Tennyson 悼念（In Memoriam A. H. H） 勃朗特三姐妹 夏洛蒂勃朗特 Charlotte Bronte 简爱（Jane Eyre） 艾米丽勃朗特Emily Bronte 咆哮山庄（Wuthering Heights) 安妮勃朗特 Anne Bronte 阿格尼斯格雷（Agnes Grey）。 托马斯哈代 Thomas Hardy 德伯家的苔丝 （Tess of the DUrbervilles）
8、 无名的裘德 （Jude the Obscure） 查尔斯狄更斯Charles Dickens 雾都孤儿（Oliver Twist） 大卫科波菲尔（David Copperfield） 远大前程（Great Expectations） 荒芜山庄（Bleak House） 双城记（A Tale of Two Cities） 一. Old English Literature The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学（约5世纪1485 <Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrat
9、ive poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homers Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the
10、same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟1340(?)1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）
11、称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。) The father of English poetry. It is _alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey C
12、haucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集： first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English <Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 <The House of Fame>声誉之宫 Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Roma
13、nce(传奇故事) Famous three：King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf II The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学 （15世纪后期17世纪初） A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, li
14、terature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Two features 1. a thirsting curiosity for the clasical literature 2. the keen interst in the activities of humanity. The Renaissance marks a
15、 transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts: (1) to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, (2) to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoi
16、sie, (3) to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Gr
17、eek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. English Renaissance:the early 16th century to the early 17th century. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599 （后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey 12. Whi
18、ch of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poets poet”? ( B ) A. Spensers idealism B. his struggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody <The Faerie Queene>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth) The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but som
19、ething more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”. Artistic features: 1. Using Spenserian Stanza Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. <The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历 The theme is to lament over
20、the loss of Rosalind. <Amoretti>爱情小唱n 2. Thomasl More托马斯莫尔14781535 One of the greatest English humanists <Utopia>乌托邦n 3. Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626 （哲学家、散文家；在论述探究学问的著作中提出了学问就是力气这一闻名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代试验科学的先驱。） Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first Engl
21、ish essayist.n Writing style:brevity, compactnesspowerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason. <The Advancement of Learning>学术的推动 <Essays>随笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)n The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of stud
22、y and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies. 4.Ben Jonson <Comedy of Humours> <Volpone, or the fox>狐狸 5. Christopherl Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595 “University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。） Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. 14. Marlowe ga
23、ve new vigor to _ with his “mighty lines” ( D ) A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina C. terza rima D. blank verse <The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus>浮士德博士的悲剧（依据德国民间故事书写成） <Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝n <The Jew of Malta>马耳他的犹太人 6. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616l Historical plays: Henry
24、 VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII Four Comedies: <As You Like It>皆大高兴; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer NightS Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白
25、Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets> Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. III The 17th Century17世纪文学 1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674 （诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。） Epics:<Pa
26、radise Lost>失乐园n <Paradisen Regained>复乐园 Dramatic poem:<Samson Agonistes>力士参孙 <Areopagitica>论出版自由n <The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩 <On His Blindness>我的失明 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. It
27、s theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best. 2. John Bunyan约翰班扬16281688 （代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。） Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人) Religionary Allegory:<The Pilgrims Progress>天路历程n 3. John Do
28、nne the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought） Artistic features: 1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2. syllogism三段论 M
29、editations 深思录 The Flea 虱子 Songs And Sonnets Holy Sonnets Valediction:<Forbidding Mourning> IV The 18th Century启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期18世纪中期） ：Enlightenment同时为美国独立斗争与法国大革命供应了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。 A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained em
30、otion(抑制情感) and accuracy The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equalityscience(the 18th century) 小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English nove
31、l rised(realistic novel现实主义小说) Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century) 1. Alexander Pope亚历山大蒲柏16881744 （18世纪英国最宏大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。） As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationali
32、sm to England. Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C ) A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift <An Essay on Criticism>指责论n Artistic features: 1.Using “heroic couplets” <The Rape of the
33、 Lock>卷发遇劫记 <Moral Essays>道德论 <Essay on Man>人论n <The Dunciad>愚人记 2. Samuell Johnson塞缪尔约翰逊17091784 Dictionary =<A Dictionary of English Language>英语大词典n 3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745 （十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） <Gullivers Travels>格列佛游记(fictional work) Four
34、parts: Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛 <A Modest Proposal>一个小小的建议n <The Battle of Books>书战 <A Tale of a Tub>木桶的故事n <The Drappers Letters>一个麻布商的书信 4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福16601731 （小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）l He is the first writer study of the lo
35、wer-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. <Robinsonn Crusoe>鲁宾逊漂流记 It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered
36、by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. <Moll Flanders> <Colonel Jacque> <Captain
37、singleton> 5. Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁17071754 （英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。） He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels: <The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling>弃婴汤姆琼斯 <The
38、 History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews>约瑟夫安德鲁 <The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great>大诗人江奈生威尔德 <Amelia>爱米利亚n plays: <The Historical Register for 1736>一七三六年历史记事 <Don Quixote in England>堂吉柯德在英国n 6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗格尔德斯密斯17301774 poems: <The Traveller>旅游人 <
39、;The Deserted Village>荒村 novel: <The Vicar of Wakefield>威克菲尔德牧师传n 7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德布林斯利施莱登17511816 <The Rivals>情敌n <The Schooln for Scandal>造谣学校 8. William Blake威廉布莱克17571827 <Songs of Innocence>天真之歌 A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. <Songs of
40、 Experience>阅历之歌 A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes. Include: <The Chimney Sweeper> <London> <The Tyger> Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence <The Marriage of Heaven and Hell>天
41、堂与地狱的婚姻n 9. Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯17591796 The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 <John Anderson, My Jo>约翰安德生，我的爱人 <A Red, Red Rose>一朵红红的玫瑰n <Auld Longn Syne>往昔时间 <A Mans a Man for AThat>不管那一套n <My Hearts in then Hi
42、ghlands>我的心在那高原上 <Bruce At Bannockburn> <The Tree Of Liberty> V The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832） The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges <Lyrical Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death. Romanticism:It emphasize the spe
43、cialqualitie of each individuals mind.(人应当是独立自由的个体) In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace. Two major novelists of the Romanti
44、c period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic). “The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey 1. William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯17701850 （与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。The Lake Poets） <Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor
45、Coleridge) <I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud> Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace” 2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude. Comment:The poet is very cheerful
46、with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 <The Prelude>序曲 2.
47、Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治17721834 The Lake Poets <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner>古舟子颂 <Christabel>柯里斯塔贝尔 <Kubla Khan>忽必烈汗 Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory <Frost at Night>半夜冰霜 <Dejection, an Ode>愁闷颂 <Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(w