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1、ImetmybestfriendTomattheststionyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的东西，常用名词、数词或代词担当是全句谈论的中心话题。例：(1)Studentssyudy.名词(2)Wearefriends.代词(3)Togotogooduniversityishisfirstgoal.(4)Doingmorningexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.(5)Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.(6)Shewentoutinahurry.不定式动名词(7)Fourplusfouriseight.
2、(8)Toseeistobelieve.(9)Smokingisbadforhealth.(10)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.(11)Whathehassaidistrue.2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的举动或形状，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面主语做什么了、怎么样了。例：(1)Studentsstudy.实意动词(2)Wearefriends.be动词(3)WeloveChina.(4)Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.(5)HecanspeakEnglish.复合谓语(6)Sheseemstired.(7)Isawthe
3、flagonthetopofthehill.(8)Helookedaftertwoorphans.3、宾语：表示举动的东西，常由名词或代词担当，放在及物动词或代词之后动作的东西，目的；位于及物动词之后。宾语分为开门见山宾语跟开门见山宾语。开门见山宾语指物，开门见山宾语指人。例：(a)Hegavemesomebooks.开门见山宾语开门见山宾语(b)Pleasepassmethebook.(c)Heboughtmesomeflowers.(1)Theyareteachers.(2)Iplaywithhim.(3)Welovewatchingfootballgames.(4)Heisdongher
4、homeworknow.(5)Ilikemyjob.(6)Iloveyou.(7)Hewantedtoleavehere.(8)Theyenjoyedplayingfootballgames.注：位于介词之后的因素也称之为宾语。4、宾语补足语：是对宾语停顿补偿说明，宾语跟宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例：(1)Ifoundthebookinteresting.(2)Doyousmellsomethingburning(3)Hemadehimselfknowntothem.(4)Sheaskedmetolendherahand.(5)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(6)Plea
5、sekeepthedogout.(7)Wemustkeepitasecret.主动语态变成主动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。例：(1)Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.(2)Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.(3)Wemadehimmonitor.Hewasmademonitor.(4)Hepushedthedooropen.Thedoorwaspushedopen.5、定语：
6、是用来说明或者限制名词的因素，常用描绘词或者相当于描绘词的短语或从句担当是用来说明名词或代词性质特征的词。描绘词放在名词前，相当于描绘词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例：(1)Thisisaredsun.(2)Theblackbikeismine.(3)Heisatallboy.(4)Sheisachemistryteacher.(5)Themaninbllueismybrother.(6)Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.(7)Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.6、状语：是用来说明动词，描绘词，副词
7、、介词短语或全体句子的因素，常由副词担当。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰描绘词或副词的放在它们之前。例：(1)Thestudentsstudyhard.(2)Ioftenwritetohim.(3)Thebagistooheavy.(4)Iwillbebackinawhile.(5)Theyareplayingontheplayground.(6)Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.(7)Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.(8)Iwaitedtoseeyou.(9)Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.(1
8、0)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.(11)Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.(12)Thisbookisveryinteresting.(13)Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.(14)Healwayscomeslatetoschool.7、表语：系动词后的部分的确是表语，表语是用来说明主语的性质或形状。一般由名词或者描绘词担当。稀有的系动词有：be(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look,seemfeel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,
9、get,grow,come,goetc.用于主动语态。例：系动词不(1)Thistableislong.(2)Theappletastessweet.(3)Thewarwasover.(4)Theyseemtoknowthetruth.(5)Timeisprecious.(6)Imnotquitemyselftoday.(7)Whowasthefirst(8)Heisoutofcondition.(9)ThebookiswhatIneed.素日情况下，主语跟宾语前的因素是定语，谓语前的因素是状语，时辰作状语放在句子的后面。定语主语状语谓语定语宾语状语。(1)(Thetall)boy(often
10、)go(tothebig)zoo.(2)(Thehappy)child-went(his)homeyesterday.英语句子因素歌：英语句子八呀八大年夜块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语标语跑，定语同位语专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自由，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的缺陷真呀真非常多，前后乱窜它还会加塞。英语五种全然句型：全然句型一：S+V主+谓全然句型二：S+V+P(主+系+表)全然句型三：S+V+O(主+谓+宾)全然句型四：S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)全然句型五：S+V+O+P(主+谓+宾+宾补)SVPoOCSheHecooks句型一isworkingWhathesaiddoesn
11、otmatterThepenwritesmoothly句Heishappynicered型Everything二HisfacelooksturnedWestudyEnglisheverday句Theyareplayingenjoyssaidfootball型Hereading三She句I“Goodmorning.givehimabook型Mymother四IbroughtshowedmustkeepmakescallmeapenyesterdayhimmypictureWethedoormeopenThenewsWehappyhimJimHetoldmetowashtheplatesIsawa
12、thieftgoingintoyourroom二、从句从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是隶属于某一个主句，而不克不迭单独做一个句子。英语中要紧有三大年夜从句，即名词性从句包括主语从句，定语从句，表语从句，同位语从句、描绘词性从句即定语从句、副词性从句即状语从句，包括时辰，结果，条件，目的，缘故，让步，地点，办法等1、主从作主语，例：Thattheearthisroundistruth.2、宾从作宾语，例：Doyouknowwherehelives3、表从左表语，：Myopinionisthatyoushouldnotgoalone.(一)主语从句一、1、定义：作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。2、指导
13、词：主语从句素日由隶属连词that,whether,if跟连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词指导，that在句中无词义，只起连接感染；连接代词跟连接副词在句中既保管自己的疑征询含义、又起连接感染，在从句中充当从句的因素。例：(1)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不明晰。(2)Whowillwonthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。(3)Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都清楚他是怎么样成为
14、一名作家的。(4)WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldishasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在那儿停顿，还不宣布。二、1、寻主语从句时，先寻到句子的谓语，主句的谓语后面的从句，的确是主语从句。(1)Whyheleftwasntimportant.主语从句主句的谓语动词(2)Thathebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfathersinfluence.主语从句主句的谓语动词2、that指导的主语从句可以放在主语的位置，这时that弗成省略。例：Thatpriceswillgoupiscertain.3、that主
15、语从句放在句首的情况不是特别稀有，绝大年夜部分主语从句都借助办法主语it，主语从句放在后面。(1)Itisstrangethatheknowsnothingaboutit.(2)Itisapitythathecantswim.(3)Ithappenedthathewasntinthatday.(4)ItissaidthattherehasbeenanearthquakeinIndia.在口语中,用it作办法主语是，主语从句的that可以省略。4、偶尔为避免句子头重足轻，常用办法主语it替换主语从句作办法主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用双数办法。常用句型如下：(1)
16、It+be+名词+that从句(2)It+be+描绘词+that从句(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(4)It+不迭物动词+that从句留心：主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+do，常用的句型有：(1)Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that(2)Itsapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that(3)Itissuggested(required,proposed,desired,etc)that5、wh-疑征询词指导的主语从句，可以放在句首(1)，也
17、可以借助办法主语it(2)。(1)Whenhellbebackdependsmuchontheweather.Howitwasdonewasamystery.Whetherwellsucceedremainstobeseen.(2)Itisuncertainwhetherthegamewillbeheld.Itsapuzzlenowlifebegan.Itdoesntmattermuchwherewelive.Isitknownwherehewent二定语从句一、1、定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在所修饰的先行词后面。2、关系词：指导定语从句的关系词称为关系词。关系词有关
18、系代词跟关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个感染：1指导定语从句，2替换先行词，3在定语从句中担当一个因素。二、关系代词指导的定语从句：1、who指人，在从句中作主语。(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YersterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2、whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuisthepersonwhomyoutalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr
19、.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.留心：关系代词whom在口语跟非正式语体中常用who替换，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3、which指物，在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepenwhichheboughtyersterday.4、that指人时相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。(1)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning