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1、名词、数词,名词的单复数变化,规则变化1.一般名词+struth-truths事实habit-habits习惯painting-paintings画作dream-dreams梦想expression-expressions词语event-events事件month-months月path-paths小路,2.以s-,x-,ch-,sh-结尾的名词+esapproch-approches方法，途径dish-dishes菜肴match-matches比赛，火柴fox-foxes狐狸stomach-stomachs胃watch-watches手表compass-compasses指南针,3.“辅音字
2、母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i加es;“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，词尾+sactivity-activities活动baby-babies婴儿discover-discoveries发现essay-essays散文fly-flies苍蝇toy-toys玩具key-keys钥匙valley-valleys山谷day-days日子,4.以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v再加esthief-thieves 小偷 wife-wives妻子 life-lives生活self-selves自己 leaf-leaves叶子 wolf-wolves 狼 shelf-shelves架子 knife-knives刀 h
3、alf-halves 一半小偷（thief）之妻（wife）生活（life）难，自己（self）扫叶（leaf）来做饭。忽见一狼（wolf）躲架（shelf）后，取刀（knife）把它劈两半（half）.chief-chiefs首领 belief-beliefs信仰 roof-roofs屋顶proof-proofs证据 cliff-cliffs悬崖 gulf-gulfs海湾 serf-serfs农奴,5.以o结尾的的名词，常在词尾加sradio-radios收音机 photo-photos照片 zoo-zoos动物园bamboo-bamboos竹子 piano-pianos钢琴 volcano
4、-volcano(e)s但下列名词要加eshero-heroes英雄 potato-potatoes土豆 tomato-tomatoes,不规则变化1.改变单词内部元音tooth-teeth牙齿 foot-feet脚 man-men男人 woman-women女人 child-children孩子 mouse-mice老鼠medium-media/mediums媒介 phenomenon-phenomena现象2.单复同形deer鹿 means方法 sheep绵羊 series系列 works工厂 species类别，物种3.常用复数形式的名词greetings问候 wishes祝愿 cong
5、ratulations祝贺 surroundings环境thanks感谢 possessions/belongings财物 directions说明 pains辛劳,常考的不可数名词advice建议 news新闻；消息 weather天气 information信息work工作 progress进步 equipment设备 furniture家具fun乐趣 baggage/luggage行李 homework家庭作业housework家务 poetry诗歌 knowledge知识,名词所有格1.一般在单数名词词尾加smy mothers birthday我妈妈的生日Childrens Day儿
6、童节2.以s结尾的单数名词，复数名词，只加my boss hat我老板的帽子my parents wishes我父母的心愿,名词的固定搭配,be of +抽象名词=be+相应的形容词be of importance/value/help/significance/benefit/use/beauty/interest=be important/valuable/helpful/significant/beneficial/useful/beatiful/ interesting 名词+介词(to)the key to . .的钥匙/关键the answer to. .的答案the entran
7、ce to. .的入口the solution to. .的解决办法the access to. .的通道the bridge to. .的桥梁the approach to . .的方法,含名词复数的短语make friends交朋友 shake hands握手 in high spirits情绪高昂 make preparations准备 take notes做笔记 in all directions向四面八方 make arrangments安排 make both ends meet收支相抵in rags衣衫褴褛 take pains下功夫 in ruins 成为废墟 take tur
8、ns轮流in terms of就.而言,数词的基本用法,1.基数词的常考点“在某人几十岁时”，常用in ones+逢十的基数词的复数形式in my twenties在我二十几岁时 in her sixties在她六十几岁时 in her late eighties在她近九十岁时hundred,thousand,million等名词前有数词或a few,several时，不能用复数；表示不确切的数目是，这些词用复数形式two hundred years两百年 several thousand几千hundreds of letters几百封信,2.序数词的考点序数词前一般应加定冠词或物主代词等限定
9、词，加a表“又一，再一”the first visit第一次旅游 my first visit我第一次拜访 a second voyage又一次航海表分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，即：“子基母序”；分子如果大于1，分母要用复数形式one tenth十分之一 two fifths五分之二 a quarter四分之一,单句填空1. After the event the_(piano)are donated to local schools and community groups.2. The _(roof) of these houses were covered with _ (lea
10、f).3. There are many interesting_(story)in the book.4. I cant find the key_the door.Have you seen it?5.The crowd flooded in all_(direct).6.We set out to climb the high mountain in high _(spirit).,易错练习1.It was in his_(forty) that he returned home from abroad.2. It is one of the wonderful_(phenomenon)
11、 of nature.3. Make sure you read the _ (instruct) before you start using the machine.4. She packed her few_(belong) in a bag and left.5. Two _( five) of the money has been spent on the furniture.,单句改错 1.First, we can go to Qingdao, where it is cool and mild and have funs at the seaside2. We couldnt
12、help taking lots of wonderful photo.3. There are various way to get relaxed for middle school students.4 .We offered our congratulation on his winning first prize.5.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.6.It is a ten minutes walk from my home to school.7. It is my grandfathe
13、rs eighty birthday party,语法填空 Colorful fruit and vegetables are helpful to our health.Their natural _(color)help protect us from disease. Think about the colors of fruit and vegetables-the red of _ (tomato), the orange of carrots, the green of apples and the purple of grapes.You can enjoy _ (eat)fru
14、it and vegetables of all colors-green, yellow, blue, purple, and white. Each color _(be) important to our health. These colors work together to protect our _(body)._ (scientist )have studied them and discovered the good of colorful fruit and vegetables. The list below shows some benefit of some colo
15、rs in fruit and vegetables:,Red gives us a healthy heart. It can possibly reduce heart disease. Red helps improve our memory. Yellow is good to our _ (eye).White can reduce cholesterol(胆固醇). Green is helpful to our eyesight. It also gives us strong bones and_(tooth).Blue helps us keep a good memory
16、as we grow old. It also helps fight heart disease. So, when you are buying or eating fruit and vegetables,remember _ (try) different colors of them.,短文改错 It was late at night. Three Germen were sleeping in the room when, one of them. Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their roo
17、m to try his luck. She had three thousands dollars in her wallet, What should do?Many thief bring a knife with them. ”she thought calmly.Meanwhile, the thief may realize that there was someone in the room, so he left for the next room where two Frenchman were sleeping. When he was searching for some
18、 valuable thing, Mrs. Green woke up her friend and called the police. The thief was just about to get away with the stolen possession when several policeman arrived. They caught him on the spots. It was one of Mrs. Greens unusual experience indeed.,(2018全国卷2)After supper, we would play card games of
19、 all sort in the sitting room.(2018全国卷2)This switch has decreased _66_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018全国卷3)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from te
20、xtbooks, and mistake as well.,(2018全国卷3) Im a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2017全国卷1)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. (2017全国卷1)This trend, which was start
21、ed by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.,(2017全国卷2)They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful i
22、nformations from the internet. (2017全国卷2)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017全国卷3)She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies .,(2016
23、全国卷1)My uncle tells me that the key to his Success is honest. (2016全国卷1)The nursery team switches him every few _69_( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum-she never suspects.(2016全国卷2) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges
24、 we cannot get from books.(2016全国卷2) Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.,(2016全国卷3)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . (2016全国卷3)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from ro
25、ughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. (2015全国卷1)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65_(painting).,真题演练,(2019全国卷1 ) All the football play
26、er on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football. (2019全国卷1 )In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. (2019全国卷3 )When they were free from wor
27、k，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 （compete）to watch，together with the story behind it.,Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmany differentcity.(2019全国卷3 )(2019全国卷2 )Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. (2018全国卷1)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(2018全国卷1)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_(cause).,