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1、I 重点词汇 1. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的重点用法a crucial factor/issue/decision关键的因素/问题/决定 be crucial to对.至关重要典例1) Anderson played a crucial role in the teams victory on Saturday. 练习 汉译英1) 她的工作对项目的成功至关重要。 Her work _ the projects success.2. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；生死攸关的；充满生机的 重点用法be vital to/for 对是至关重要的 be vital
2、 to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的a vital role至关重要的作用 perform vital function起重要作用It is vital that (should) do 做是至关重要的/生死攸关的。典例 1) Perseverance is vital to success. 毅力对于成功是至关重要的。2) His support is vital for our project. 3) It was vital to give first aid to the injured man. 4) Its vital that we (should) carry out t
3、he operation immediately. 练习用所给单词的适当形式填空1) It is vital for a journalist (keep) accurate records. 2) Its vital that every equipment (check) before the experiment. mitted adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commit vt. 犯（错误、罪行），干（坏事）；承诺，保证；投入 vi. 投入重点用法be committed to (doing) sth. 尽力/承诺做某事 commit an error犯错commit sb./o
4、neself to (doing) sth. 承诺做某事 commit a crime犯罪 典例1) The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. 2) But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was
5、committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. commitment n.C，U许诺，承诺；U(对工作或某活动)献身，奉献，投入；C，U(资金、时间、人力的)花费，使用make a commitment to sb./sth.对某人/某物作出承诺make a commitment to do sth./ to doing sth.保证/承诺做某事carry out one s commitment履行某人的承诺练习 汉译英1) 这个发展地区致力于创建一个完美
6、的投资环境。 This development area _ a perfect investment environment. 2). I was deeply impressed by the energy and _(commitment)shown by players.4. objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 重点用法objective assessment客观评价 objective measurement客观度量objective description客观描述 典例1) You must set realistic aims and objectives f
7、or yourself.2) The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans. 练习 汉译英1) 它将提供真实和客观的信息。 It would provide_5.evaluate vt. 评价；评估 重点用法evaluate ones ability 评估某人的能力 evaluate the value/quality of sth.评估某物的价值/质量evaluate the costs of评估.的费用 evaluate the service of the hotel评价旅馆的服务典
8、例1) I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work.2) They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program.3) We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire. Evaluation n. C,U 评估练习 汉译英1) 让我们评定一下此证据的价值。 _2) It is widely acknowledged that students should _(evaluate) in terms of ov
9、erall quality.6. property n. 性质；特征；财产；房地产重点用法property prices房地产价格 a property developer房地产开发商prevent serious property damage防止严重的财产损失 property right产权property management物业管理典例1) Dogs owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury to other people or cause damage to their property. 练习 汉译英1) 一般
10、来说，在他们离开的时候要照看好他们的财产。 In general, _ while they are gone.7. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 重点用法Be distinct from.与.不同make/draw a distinction区分开来；区别对待 clear/sharp distinction明显的不同It is distinct/clear that 很清楚 （= Distinctly/Clearly, .） 典例1) It is distinct that we should make a distinction between the primar
11、y tasks and routine work in our daily work. 2) As dawn broke, the outline of a building became distinct against the sky.练习汉译英1) (是明显的) smoking is harmful to our health. 8. boil vt. & vi. （使）沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 重点用法boil with anger怒火中烧，非常愤怒典例1) A watched pot never boils. 心急吃不了热豆腐。2) They planned to keep
12、 the budget low by living on boiled noodles. 练习汉译英1) 100摄氏度是水沸腾的温度。 100 is the temperature at which _9. obtain vt. （尤指经努力）获得；赢得 vi. （规章、习俗等）存在；流行重点用法obtain sth. from sb./sth. 从获得某物 obtain information from head office从总部获取资料obtain permission from the principal得到校长的同意 obtain ones permission得到某人许可 典例1)
13、. I havent been able to obtain that record anywhere. 2). He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means.练习 汉译英1). After questioning the man for six hours, the police (得到消息) they wanted. 2). India (获得独立) in 1947, after a long struggle. 10. acknowledge vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 重点用
14、法acknowledge doing/having done 承认做了acknowledge as/to be 承认是Its widely/generally/universally acknowledged that 是大家所公认的。典例 1) When asked about the receipt of Toms letter, he acknowledged it.2) His services to the society have been officially acknowledged. They acknowledged that the topic they were dis
15、cussing about was relevant to national security. 3) They acknowledged having abandoned the ship at last. 4) She is generally acknowledged to be/as one of the greatest pianists in the world. = It is generally acknowledged that she is one of the greatest pianists in the world. Acknowledgement n. sing.
16、U 承认； 【C，U】感谢练习汉译英1) Peter acknowledged (未通过驾照考试).11. defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜重点用法 defeat a team打败一支队伍 defeat the enemy打败敌人 admit/accept/face defeat认输/接受失败/面临失败 a narrow/heavy defeat惜败/惨败典例 1) John Snow defeated cholera which was a deadly disease of its day.2) Ive tried to solve the problem, but it
17、 defeats me. 3) The painter was a man who hated to admit defeat. 练习 汉译英1) 他们希望在海上击败敌人。 They hoped to _at sea.12. analyse（NAmE analyze） vt. 分析 重点用法 analyse statistics/data分析数据 analyse the problem分析问题典例1) Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. 练
18、习 汉译英1) 这个团队正在努力分析这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。 The team are working hard to _so that they can find the best solution.13. apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然（=obviously） 重点用法 It is apparent/obvious that （=apparently/obviously）是显而易见的。典例1) It was apparent to everyone that he was annoyed. 谁都知道他生气了。练习 汉译英1) _ (很明显) the d
19、rug does benefit some patients. 14. substance n. 物质，物品；事实根据重点用法a chemical/radioactive substance化学/放射性物质 banned/illegal substances禁用/非法物品典例 1) With the help of high technology, more and more new substances have been found in the past few years. 练习 汉译英1) 他的话是有一定根据的。 There is _ in what he says.15. insi
20、st vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求重点用法insist on/upon sth. 坚持某事insist on/upon ( sb.s) doing sth. 坚持要求（某人）做某事insist后接that从句时，有两种情况：表示“坚持主张，坚决要求”时，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。表示“坚持认为，坚称”时，从句用陈述语气。典例 1). I still insist on my viewpoint. 2). He insisted on paying for the meal. 3). Mother insisted on our washing th
21、e clothes by ourselves. 4). She insisted that the boy had stolen her wallet and that he (should) be sent to the police station.练习 汉译英1) 爸爸坚持让我们每天至少学习一件新东西。 Papa_at least one new thing each day. 2) He insisted that I _(take) back what I said, but I insisted that my words _(be) right.16. scientific ad
22、j. 科学（上）的；关于科学的 重点用法a scientific discovery科学发现 scientific research/study科学研究scientific knowledge科学知识 the scientific method科学方法典例1) Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. 练习 汉译英1) 他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。 He took_ to management.17. mostly adv. 主要地；一般地重点用法be mos
23、tly from主要来自. be mostly used to do sth. 主要用于做某事be mostly used for主要用于.典例1) The listeners are mostly middle school students, ranging from 12 to 18. 练习 汉译英1) 刀子主要用于切东西。_18. conclusion n. 结论；推论 重点用法come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论 jump to conclusion匆忙下结论bring . to a conclusion使.结束 in conclusion最后典例1
24、) Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 2) What do you think brings the professor to this conclusion? 3) They made full investigations previous to reaching a conclusion. 练习 汉译英1) 她以一个有趣的故事结束谈话。_ 19. flee vi. & vt. 迅速离开；逃跑重点用法flee away逃离 fl
25、ee from从.逃离；避免 flee in terror仓皇逃走典例 1) He fled to London after an argument with his family. 他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。练习 汉译英1) 她突然哭了起来，跑开了。_20. circumstance n. 条件；环境；状况重点用法under/in circumstances 在情况下 under/in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样under/in any circumstances 在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许 unde
26、r/in no circumstances决不，一点儿也不典例1) Under such circumstances, these people are likely to abuse their power. 2) We cant take measures until weve known all the circumstances. 3) Can you tell me how to adapt to the study atmosphere and circumstance quickly? 4) Under no circumstances can you take the risk
27、 of leaving him alone. 练习 汉译英1) (在这样困难的情况下), I decided to make all my efforts. 21. flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动重点用法the flow of cars车流 the flow of the water水流the flow of funds资金流 stop the flow of blood from the wound止住伤口流血典例 1) These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow
28、. 练习 中译英1) 人往高处走，水往低处流。 Man struggles upwards; water _22. found vt. 创建；建立；把.建立在重点用法be founded on建立在基础上，（建筑物）建立在上典例 1). Their marriage was founded on love and respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。练习 中译英1). 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。 23. infer vt. 推断；推定重点用法infer from从.中推测出. infer a conclusion from the facts从事实中推断出结论典例 1)
29、It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should be content with what we already have. 练习 中译英1) 我们可以从第5段划线的雪莉-安的陈述中推断出什么？ _ Shelly-Anns statement underlined in Paragraph 5?24. numerous adj. 众多的；许多的重点用法numerous friends很多朋友 a number of许多；一些 the number of.的数目典例 1) There were numerous div
30、ing spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them. 练习 中译英1) 这套系统的好处不胜枚举。 The advantages of this system are_IV重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）1. get stuck陷入困境；被卡在 典例1) I got stuck in the traffic. As a result, I was late for work this morning. 重点用法be stuck in=be trapped in被困在. be stuck/caught/he
31、ld up in traffic遭遇交通阻塞练习 汉译英1) 船陷在泥里了。 The boat _ the mud.2. by chance=by accident偶然地；意外地典例 1). I heard them having a heated argument by chance when I passed by.短语归纳meet sb. by chance偶然遇见某人 get this job completely by chance得到这份工作纯属意外练习中译英1). 我在飞机上遇到汤姆纯属偶然。I met Tom _ on the plane.3. stand up to 经得住（
32、检验等）典例1) Faced with the failure, some can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. 短语归纳stand up for支持，维持 stand for代表，象征Stand by 袖手旁观；支持，帮助 stand out 显眼，突出；出色，杰出 练习中译英1) 我认为，该国人民会坚持正义。 I think the people in this country will _4. wear and tear
33、（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗 典例1) The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear.短语归纳an old pair of worn jeans一条破旧的牛仔裤 wear out用坏，穿破；使精疲力尽练习 中译英1) 这种布料十分耐用。 This cloth is designed to stand up to_5. Draw out用法详解(1)取出(= take out)He drew out from his luggage a box wrapped in coloured paper
34、 and gave it to his son(2)拖延,拉长The final question drew the meeting out for another hour.(3)(白昼)渐长,(天黑)渐晚With the approach of spring the days begin to draw out归纳拓展draw构成的其他短语：Draw up起草,拟订 draw in(天黑)渐早,(白昼)渐短draw back后退;撤回V 重点句型 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. One medical text from the fourth century suggested usi
35、ng the extract from sweet wormwood . 解释动词-ing形式做动词的宾语。常接-ing形式做宾语的动词有：enjoy，finish，keep，practise，mind，consider，imagine，avoid，miss，advise，escape，risk，stand（忍受）等。典例1) If you think that treating a kid well means always giving him what he wants, you are totally wrong. 2) While shopping, people sometimes
36、 cant help being persuaded into buying something they dont really need. 练习中译英1) 我提议坐我的车去。_2. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. 解释现在分词短语作方式状语。 现在分词（短语）作时间、原因、条件状语时，通常位于句首；作结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末，该非谓语动词和句子主语之间为主动关系。典例1) Working as a volunteer teacher in
37、the west, the girl took up growing vegetables. 2) Seeing that his wife was going off to sleep, he switched off the TV. 3) Going straight down the road, you will find the Childrens Palace. 4) She tried a new diet, reducing her weight. 5) Millie came riding a brand-new bike. 6) He lay on the grass, st
38、aring at the sky for a long time.7)根据香蕉的成熟度和冰箱的温度，冷冻香蕉可以保存几个星期。 Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.3. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine .”解释on/upon+n./v.-ing是介词短语，表示“一.就.”
39、，做时间状语。典例1) She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. 2) On hearing the news, China was quick to start organizing emergency aid. 练习中译英1) 一到茶馆，独特的茶壶和茶杯就给这些外国学生留下了深刻印象。 _, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups.VI 重点语法：非限制性定语从句定语从句根据与先行词关
40、系的密切程度可分为“限制性定语从句”与“非限制性定语从句”。 非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，和主句之间用逗号隔开，若把从句去掉，句子意思仍然完整。译成汉语时，从句常单独译成一句。 Li Ming, who is my cousin, has gradually adjusted to the life in America. 李明是我表弟，他已逐渐适应了美国的生活。 Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。1. 非限制性定语从句的引导词非限制性定语从句的引导词有：关系代词which，who，whom，whose，as；关系副词when，where等。Mr Smith, whose foot was b