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1、一说到时态，很多高中生面对 do，doing，did，done，had done一大堆长得差不多的字符，完全分不清！可时态作为英语的基础项，又不能丢在一边不管不顾。在语法体系里，时态看起来变来变去很容易混淆，其实只是因为学生的脑子里对时态还没有清晰的理解和差异化分类，在对应的语境里也就不知道该用什么时态。以下为时态教学使用中的一张图，理清这张图，发现时态其实很简单。这16种时态中，有8种时态是最重要的，也是用得最多的，必须要掌握的，它们是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来一般时(也称过去将来时)，其余的时态相对用得较少。今天就这16种时
2、态做个简单的归纳总结:1一般现在时 （do/does; is/am/are） 表示现在的情况、状态或特征。例：He is a student.他是一个学生。 表示经常性、习惯性动作。例：He always helps others.他总是帮助别人。 客观事实和普遍真理。例：The earth moves the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词，可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o
3、clock this afternoon.下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将的来事情。（即：主将从现原则）例：I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.我一到机场就会给你打电话2现在进行时 (am/is/are doing) 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。例：He is listning to the music now.他现在正在听音乐。 表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情，但不一定此时此刻正在做。例：I am studying computer this term.这个
4、学期我一直在学习计算机。 现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。a. 瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。例：I am leaving.我要离开了。b. 持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。例：I am travelling next month.下个月我要去旅行。 现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。例：He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。（褒义）3现在完成时(have/has done) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响。例：I bought a new house, but I havent sol
5、d my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.我买了一所新房子，但是还没有卖掉旧的，所以现在我又两所房子。 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our tim
6、e.虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正4现在完成进行时 (have/has been doing)表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。5一般过去时(did; was/were) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。例：I bought some fruits yesterday.我昨天买了一些水果。 表示过去习惯性动作。例：Wh
7、en I was a boy，I often swam in that river.would/used to do：表示过去常常.例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。He used to visit his mother once a week.他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲
8、。6过去完成时 (had done)表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的过去的过去。Until then, his familyhadnt heardfrom him for six months.到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。7过去将来时 (would do)表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。8过去进行时 (was/ were doing) 表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作。例：Ma
9、ry was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。 表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。例：I was travelling in London last summer vacation.去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。 过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。a. 瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。例：Then she said she was leaving.然后她说她要离开了。b. 持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。例：She said that she was trav
10、elling the next day.她说她第二天要去旅行。 过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。9一般将来时（1）will do 表示主语主观意愿的将来。例：I will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.我将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。 表示客观将来。例：Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼会死。 表示临时决定。例：Mary has been ill for a week.Oh，I didnt know. I will go and see
11、her.（2）am/is/are going to do 表示计划、打算做某事。例：This is just what I am going to say.这正是我想说的。 表示根据某种迹象看，很可能或即将发生的事情，表推测。例：Look at the dark clouds in the sky. Its going to rain.看天上的乌云，要下雨了。（3）am/is/are about to do表示“即将、正要”时，可用。强调近期内或马上要做的事。例：Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.别担心，我马上就
12、给你做一次仔细的检查。（4）be to do 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.星期一你准会在实验室见到她。 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。10将来进行时 (w
13、ill be doing)表示在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。例：Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。11将来完成时 (will have done)表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是在某个将来时间完成，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。例：The conference wi
14、ll have lasted a full week by the time it ends.会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。12将来完成进行时（will have been doing）表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间，是否继续下去，应视上下文而定。例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。13过去完成进行时（had been doing）表示某一动作一直延续到过去某一时间，是否继续下去，应视上下文而定。例：T
15、he old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。14过去将来进行时(would be doing)表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时间或时间段正在进行的动作，主要用于从句中。例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July
16、.政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。15过去将来完成时 (would have done)表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时间之前所完成的动作。常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反。例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。16过去将来完成进行时： (wouldhave been doing)表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时
17、刻之前一直在进行的动作，是否继续下去，应视上下文而定。例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。高考英语语法专项训练-时态语态一、单句填空1.Where is Peter?I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and(write)his essay there ever since.
18、2.Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really.She(give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.3.I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I(ask),“What do you wish me to do now?”4.He must have sensed that I(look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you st
19、aring at me like that?”5.Is Peter coming?No,he(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.6.Hi,lets go skating.Sorry,Im busy right now.I(fill) in an application form for a new job.7.They made up their mind that they(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.8.The twins,who(finish)their hom
20、ework,were allowed to play badminton in the playground.9.Sofia looked around at all the faces:she had the impression that she(see)most of the guests before.10.Unless some extra money(find),the theatre will close.11.The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers(repair)one of the m
21、ain pipes.12.I felt very tired when I got home,and I(go)straight to bed.13.I didnt think Id like the movie,but actually it(be)pretty good.14.Shakespeares play Hamlet(make)into at least ten different films over the past years.15.We are confident that the environment(improve)by our further efforts to
22、reduce pollution.16.I feel so excited!At this time tomorrow morning I(fly)to Shanghai.17.Close the door of fear behind you,and you(see)the door of faith open before you.18.The three of us(travel)around Europe for about a month last summer.19.After school we went to the reading room to do some readin
23、g,only t o be told that it(decorate).20.I had wanted to help you last night but I couldnt spare any time,for I(write)a composition which I have to hand in this morning.二、语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A篇My best friend Kaiya is like me.She1(remind)me of myself.In the past,I2(be)never confide
24、nt because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However,someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who3(point)at me and
25、laughed at me,I couldnt help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise,someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher,Miss Li.She said,“You4(be)perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People5(a
26、ccept)you for who you6(be).But if you cannot accept yourself,then how will other people accept you?”I7(inspire)by her words.Over the past few months,I8(learn)that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who9(love)me for who I am.Now,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide to tell
27、 her the same thing Miss Li10(tell)me.B篇Dad quit drinking exactly one year before I was born. He joined a group of other people. He said they1(stop) drinking, too. I loved my dad 2I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away from me. It seemed that they were more important to him than I was. Bu
28、t with my birthday coming up I thought Dad 3(make) an exception. I begged him not to miss it but4(refuse). He said, “I am chairing the meeting this Saturday. We 5(have) your party on Sunday. Why not come with me together tonight? Its an open meeting. All6(be) welcome.” I agreed. Maybe I needed to se
29、e why something Dad did every week mattered so much.After we arrived, Dad announced 7 theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude. He told his story about giving up smoking 8(late), a man called Dave also told his story. Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life9Showing up week after week and meeting with people, Dad10(change) lives. Shame washed over me.