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1、素材：英语作文-成语主题类一、见贤思齐When Seeing a Person of High Caliber, Strive to Be His Equal 遇见有德才的人，就要想着努力向他看齐。“贤”指德才兼备的人；“齐”是看齐，达到同样的水平。“见贤思齐”是孔子对自己学生的教导，后成为世人修身养德、增进才智的座右铭。其主旨在于鼓励人们善于发现他人长处，激发内心的自觉，主动向道德、学问、技能等比自己强的人学习看齐，从而不断进步。它体现了中华民族一心向善、积极进取、自强不息的精神。 This term means that when you see a person of high cali
2、ber, you should try to emulate and equal the person.Xian(贤) refers to a person of virtue and capability;qi(齐) means to emulate and reach the same level. This was what Confucius taught his students to do. The term has become a motto for cultivating ones moral character and increasing ones knowledge.
3、The main point of this term is to encourage people to discover the strengths of others and take initiative to learn from those who are stronger than themselves in terms of moral qualities, knowledge, and skills so as to make constant progress. The term embodies the Chinese nations spirit for good, e
4、nterprise, and tenacious self-renewal.引例 Citations： 子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。”（论语里仁） 孔子说：“遇见有德才的人，就要想着努力向他看齐；遇见德才不好的人，就要在内心反省自己是否有同样的缺点。” Confucius said, When you see a person of virtue and capability, you should think of emulating and equaling the person; when you see a person of low caliber, you should
5、reflect on your own weak points. (The Analects) 君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。（荀子劝学） 君子广泛学习并且每天坚持自我反省，就可以做到智慧明达而行为不会有错了。 Men of virtue, who study extensively and reflect on themselves every day, become wise and intelligent and are free from making mistakes. (Xunzi) 二、慎思明辨Careful Reflection and Clear Discrimin
6、ation谨慎周密地思考，清晰明确地分辨。古人认为，人的成长包括五个阶段：博学（广博地学习），即收集信息，吸取知识；审问（详尽地追问），即提出问题，解除疑惑；慎思（谨慎周密地思考），即消化整理，融会贯通；明辨（清晰明确地分辨），即形成概念，择定结果；笃行（切实地实行），即将认知付诸实践，形成品格。这五个阶段大致可约为学习、思考、实践三个方面。“慎思明辨”就是思考，是由学习到实践的中间阶段。也就是说，学习与思考、学习与实践是相辅相成的；而思考则是学习的深入和提升，是实践的前导，是从学习到实践转化的关键所在。It was thought in ancient China that a person
7、 matured through five stages: broad study for collecting information and acquiring knowledge, close examination for identifying problems and resolving doubts, careful reflection for absorbing and mastering knowledge, clear discrimination for developing concepts and reaching conclusions, and earnest
8、practice for putting knowledge into practice and developing character. These stages can be roughly divided into three areas: learning, reflection, and practice. Careful reflection and clear discrimination describes the stage of reflection between learning and practice. It can also be said that study
9、 and reflection on the one hand and study and practice on the other complement each other, while reflection is a deepening and heightening of learning, a prerequisite for practice, and a key link between learning and practice.引例 Citation：博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辨之，笃行之。（礼记中庸）广泛地学习，详尽地追问，谨慎周密地思考，清晰明确地判别，切实地实行。Le
10、arn broadly, examine closely, reflect carefully, discriminate clearly, and practice earnestly. (The Book of Rites)三、教学相长Teaching and Learning Promote Each Other教与学相互促进，教师与学生相互提升。中国古人早已认识到，教学过程不只是教师影响学生的单向过程，而是师生交互影响的双向过程；在此过程中，教学双方都不断取得进步和提高。其中蕴涵着教学双方互为主客体的观点，颇具现代教育智慧。Teachers and students improve e
11、ach other. The ancient Chinese realized that teaching is not just a matter of teachers influencing students, but a two-way process of mutual interaction. In this process, teachers and students continuously make their own progress and improvements. It embodies the view that both teachers and students
12、 can benefit from their interactions, which is quite similar to the views of modern education.引例 Citation：学然后知不足，教然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也；知困，然后能自强也。故曰：教学相长也。（礼记学记）通过学习然后发现自己所知有限，通过教学然后发现自己还不够精通。知道自己所知有限，才能自我反省严格要求自己；知道自己不够精通，才能自我振奋努力向上。所以说，教与学是互相促进的。Learning makes you find out your shortcomings, and teachin
13、g makes you find out that you still have room for improvement. When knowing your shortcomings, you can think about them and make improvements; knowing you still have room for improvement, you can work hard to close the gap. That is why we believe that teaching and learning promote each other. (The B
14、ook of Rites)四、因材施教Audience-based Education根据人的资质、志趣等实施教育、教学。“材”指人的资质、志趣、受教育程度等因素。这是孔子（前 551前 479）最早实践、经后人总结概括而确立的教育、教学原则。礼记中庸所说的“率性”（遵循人的天性）、周易所说的“尽性”（充分发挥天性），可以说是这一原则的基础理念，它至今仍被广为提倡，其要旨是：教育、教学在内容选择、方法运用、目标设定等方面，要适应受教育者的个体差异，以期达到更好效果。这一原则得到心理学、教育学的论证，已经成为现代教育科学的基本理念。This term means to educate and t
15、each according to peoples caliber and their interests.Cai(材) refers to factors such as peoples caliber and interests, and their level of education. This is an educational and pedagogical principle first practiced by Confucius (551-479 BC), and later summarized and established by others. We may say t
16、hat the core concepts of this principle areshuaixing(率性acting in accordance with human nature) as described inThe Book of Rites, andjinxing(尽性making full use of human nature) as described inThe Book of Changes. It has been widely accepted to this day, and its gist is that in education and pedagogy,
17、the choice of subject matter, methods and goals must vary according to the individual characteristics of the audience if they are to achieve better outcomes. This principle has been corroborated through psychology and pedagogy, and has become a fundamental concept in the modern science of education.
18、引例 Citations：子曰：“中人以上，可以语上也；中人以下，不可以语上也。”（论语雍也）孔子说：“对资质中等以上的人，可以讲高深的道理；对资质中等以下的人，不可以讲高深的道理。”Confucius said, “You can discuss profound issues with someone who is above average; you cannot discuss profound issues with someone who is below average.” (The Analects)天之生物，必因其材而笃焉。（礼记中庸）上天生养万物，必定根据它们的资质天性而厚
19、待它们。Heaven gave birth to all living things, and it must treat them according to their characteristics. (The Book of Rites)因材施教，士多因以得名，时有朱门弟子之目。（清史稿朱筠传） 朱筠因材施教，很多读书人经过他的培养而成名，当时有“朱门弟子”之称。Because Zhu Jun adjusted his teaching to his audience, many scholars who studied with him achieved fame, and they
20、were known at the time as “pupils of the school of Zhu.” (Draft History of the Qing Dynasty)五、千里之堤，溃于蚁穴A Dam of a Thousand Miles Can Collapse Due to an Ant Hole.千里长的堤坝会因小小的蚂蚁洞穴而溃决。比喻细小的隐患，也会酿成极大的灾祸。出自韩非子。任何事物都有一个由小变大、积少成多的演进过程，如果期望事物向好的方向发展，就必须消除各种隐患与不利因素，不能因为它的细小而忽视其存在，必须早发现、早遏止。此语以比喻的方式，从反面申明了“防微杜
21、渐”的道理。This expression fromHanfeizihighlights how a minute hazard is capable of developing into a devastating disaster. Everything evolves from small to large or grows from few to many. If achieving a good result is expected, then all kinds of hidden risks and potential dangers must be detected and p
22、revented as early as possible, no matter how negligible they may be. The saying illustrates by analogy the importance of early prevention.引例 Citations：有形之类，大必起于小；行久之物，族必起于少。故曰：“天下之难事必作于易，天下之大事必作于细。”是以欲制物者于其细也。故曰：“图难于其易也，为大于其细也。”千丈之堤，以蝼蚁之穴溃；百尺之室，以突隙之烟焚。（韩非子喻老） 有形的事物，一定是由小变大的；时间久远的事物，一定是积少成多的。所以说：“天下的
23、难事必定从简易开始，天下的大事必定从细微开始。”因此，掌控事物必须从细微时就着手。所以说：“谋划难事要从简易处入手，想做大事要从细微处入手。”千丈长的堤坝会因蚂蚁的洞穴而溃决，百尺高的房屋会因烟囱的缝隙冒出火星而焚毁。Any living object grows invariably from small to large while any massive accumulation must have started small far back in time. Therefore, it can be said that any difficult job must begin fro
24、m the easy part and any enormous undertaking must originate from a tiny beginning. Hence, to keep good control of things at hand, it is important to start with managing their small details. That is the reason why one should “start planning for a hard job with its easy part and start undertaking a bi
25、g task bit by bit.” A dam a thousand miles long can collapse by an ant hole and a building a hundred feet tall can be burned to ashes by fire escaping from a chimney crack. (Hanfeizi)故百寻之屋，突直而焚燎；千里之堤，蚁垤（di）而穿败。古人防小以全大，慎微以杜萌。（晋书陈頵（yn）传）所以，八百尺高的房屋，会因为直通通的烟囱冒出火星而焚毁；上千里长的堤坝，会因为小小的蚁穴而溃决。古人在不好的事物尚处于细微阶段就开
26、始防范，将其遏止在萌芽状态，为的是保全大的方面。So a building a hundred feet tall can be burned to ashes by fire escaping from a chimney crack and a dam a thousand miles long can collapse because of an ant hole. Ancient people begin to take precautions when dangers are still negligible and try to eliminate them in their nascent stage so as to protect what matters most. (The History of the Jin Dynasty)