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1、鸡群免疫抑制鸡群免疫抑制第1页，此课件共30页哦疾病预防疾病预防PREVENTING DISEASEPREVENTING DISEASE引进健康鸡群引进健康鸡群PLACING DISEASE-FREE FLOCKSPLACING DISEASE-FREE FLOCKS严格有效的生物安全严格有效的生物安全STRICT AND EFFECTIVE BIOSECURITYSTRICT AND EFFECTIVE BIOSECURITY实施免疫接种实施免疫接种IMPLEMENTING IMMUNIZATIONIMPLEMENTING IMMUNIZATION 足够的营养足够的营养ADEQUATE NU
2、TRITIONADEQUATE NUTRITION降低环境应激降低环境应激LIMITING ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSLIMITING ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS第2页，此课件共30页哦免疫抑制的情况免疫抑制的情况IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CONDITIONSIMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CONDITIONS马立克式病马立克式病MAREKS DISEASEMAREKS DISEASE传染性法式囊传染性法式囊炎炎INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE鸡贫血鸡贫血CHICKEN ANEMIAC
3、HICKEN ANEMIA霉菌毒素病霉菌毒素病MYCOTOXICOSISMYCOTOXICOSIS 这些疾病有协同作用这些疾病有协同作用 THESE ETIOLOGIES ARE SYNERGISTICTHESE ETIOLOGIES ARE SYNERGISTIC第3页，此课件共30页哦鸡贫血鸡贫血CHICKEN ANEMIACHICKEN ANEMIA传播途径传播途径TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION:垂直途径传播，由带毒种群传播垂直途径传播，由带毒种群传播 Vertical infection from viremic breeder flocksVertical infe
4、ction from viremic breeder flocks 水平途径传播，间接与带毒鸡群接水平途径传播，间接与带毒鸡群接触，或由受污染的鸡舍、环境传播触，或由受污染的鸡舍、环境传播 Horizontal,from infected contact flocks.Horizontal,from infected contact flocks.Indirect,from contaminated equipment and housing.Indirect,from contaminated equipment and housing.第4页，此课件共30页哦马立克氏病马立克氏病MAREK
5、S DISEASEMAREKS DISEASE发生情况发生情况OCCURRENCEOCCURRENCE:全球盛行全球盛行World wide prevalenceWorld wide prevalence病因学病因学ETIOLOGYETIOLOGY:毒性不同的疱疹病毒引起毒性不同的疱疹病毒引起 的肿的肿 瘤性疾病瘤性疾病 Oncogenic herpesvirus strains varying in virulenceOncogenic herpesvirus strains varying in virulence经济重要性经济重要性ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCEECONOMI
6、C SIGNIFICANCE:直接引起死亡，直接引起死亡，并由于免疫抑制带来其他损失并由于免疫抑制带来其他损失 Direct mortality with secondary losses due to immmunosuppressionDirect mortality with secondary losses due to immmunosuppression 第5页，此课件共30页哦马立克氏病马立克氏病MAREKS DISEASEMAREKS DISEASE传播传播TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION:水平途径传播水平途径传播Horizontal Dissemination
7、Horizontal Dissemination 与带毒鸡只的接触与带毒鸡只的接触Contact with infected“shedders”Contact with infected“shedders”鸡舍内长期存在的病毒鸡舍内长期存在的病毒Persistent virus in housesPersistent virus in houses 羽毛、皮屑中的病毒羽毛、皮屑中的病毒Airborne virus in“feather dander”Airborne virus in“feather dander”受污染的环境受污染的环境Contaminated equipment Conta
8、minated equipment 第6页，此课件共30页哦马立克氏病马立克氏病MAREKS DISEASEMAREKS DISEASE发病机理发病机理PATHOGENESISPATHOGENESIS:细胞溶解阶段细胞溶解阶段Cytolytic phaseCytolytic phase:破坏造成淋巴母细胞破坏造成淋巴母细胞 destruction ofdestruction of lymphoblastslymphoblasts 免疫抑制免疫抑制.immunosuppression immunosuppression 病毒增殖阶段病毒增殖阶段Proliferative phaseProlife
9、rative phase:淋巴细胞变性淋巴细胞变性 transformation of lymphoid cellstransformation of lymphoid cells-肿瘤形成肿瘤形成NeoplasiaNeoplasia.第7页，此课件共30页哦马立克氏病马立克氏病MAREKS DISEASEMAREKS DISEASE临床症状临床症状CLINICAL SIGNSCLINICAL SIGNS：轻瘫与瘫痪轻瘫与瘫痪 Paresis and paralysisParesis and paralysis瘦弱瘦弱 EmaciationEmaciation病变病变LESIONSLESION
10、S：淋巴增生肿瘤淋巴增生肿瘤Lymphoproliferative tumorsLymphoproliferative tumors 外周神经肿瘤外周神经肿瘤 peripheral nervesperipheral nerves 内脏肿瘤内脏肿瘤visceraviscera,卵巢卵巢ovaryovary 脾脏脾脏spleenspleen 前胃，等前胃，等proventriculus etcproventriculus etc.第8页，此课件共30页哦马立克氏病马立克氏病MAREKS DISEASEMAREKS DISEASE预防预防PREVENTIONPREVENTION;清洁鸡舍清洁鸡舍 D
11、econtamination of housingDecontamination of housing 育雏期与外界隔离（大约四周）育雏期与外界隔离（大约四周）Isolated brooding(4 weeks)Isolated brooding(4 weeks)有效的免疫接种有效的免疫接种 Effective immunizationEffective immunization第9页，此课件共30页哦马立克氏病马立克氏病MAREKS DISEASEMAREKS DISEASE细胞摄取疫苗（活苗）细胞摄取疫苗（活苗）CELL-ASSOCIATED(LIVE)VACCINESCELL-ASSOC
12、IATED(LIVE)VACCINES;第一型第一型Type 1Type 1：人工致弱毒株苗人工致弱毒株苗 Rispen毒株毒株 Attenuated field MDV RispensAttenuated field MDV Rispens 第二型第二型Type 2 Type 2：非致病性自然弱毒苗，：非致病性自然弱毒苗，SB-1 作为第三型作为第三型 疫苗的增强剂使用疫苗的增强剂使用 Apathogenic potentiators of Type 3 strains,SB-1Apathogenic potentiators of Type 3 strains,SB-1 第三型第三型Typ
13、e 3 Type 3：非致病性火鸡疱疹病毒：非致病性火鸡疱疹病毒 HVTHVT Apathogenic turkey-origin HVT Apathogenic turkey-origin HVT第10页，此课件共30页哦马立克氏病马立克氏病MAREKS DISEASEMAREKS DISEASE免疫接种免疫接种VACCINATION AGAINST MDVACCINATION AGAINST MD：初生一日龄，人工皮下注射接种初生一日龄，人工皮下注射接种 day-old,manual subcutaneous injection day-old,manual subcutaneous in
14、jection 孵化孵化18日龄，用日龄，用Embrex InovoJect 蛋蛋 内接种设备免疫内接种设备免疫 1818thth day of incubation,day of incubation,in ovo in ovo using Embrex InovoJect installationusing Embrex InovoJect installation第11页，此课件共30页哦马立克氏病马立克氏病MAREKS DISEASEMAREKS DISEASE免疫失败的原因免疫失败的原因REASONS FOR“VACCINE FAILURE”REASONS FOR“VACCINE F
15、AILURE”：早期感染早期感染MDV野毒野毒Early exposure to field MDVEarly exposure to field MDV 无效疫苗无效疫苗Impotent vaccineImpotent vaccine(融化融化thawingthawing)疫苗分装不当疫苗分装不当Improper reconstitution of vaccineImproper reconstitution of vaccine 热冲击热冲击heat shockheat shock 稀释不当稀释不当稀释不当稀释不当incorrect diluentincorrect diluent 污染污
16、染污染污染contaminationcontamination 过分稀释过分稀释过分稀释过分稀释excessive dilutionexcessive dilution 注射不当注射不当注射不当注射不当defective injectiondefective injection第12页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE发生发生OCCURRENCEOCCURRENCE：全球范围（除了新西兰）：全球范围（除了新西兰）World wide(except NZ)World wide(exce
17、pt NZ)病因学病因学ETIOLOGYETIOLOGY：第一型鸟类双股第一型鸟类双股RNA病毒株病毒株 Type I avibirnavirus strainsType I avibirnavirus strains 传统弱毒型传统弱毒型classic mildclassic mild 传统超强型毒株传统超强型毒株classic very virulentclassic very virulent 特拉华变异株特拉华变异株 A型到型到E型型 Delaware variants A-EDelaware variants A-E 第13页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECT
18、IOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE经济重要性经济重要性ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCEECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE：发生超强型毒株发生超强型毒株vvIBD，易感肉鸡鸡群在，易感肉鸡鸡群在生长中期致死，生长中期致死，Mortality,especially with vvIBD in mid-cycle,with susceptible broiler flocksMortality,especially with vvIBD in mid-cycle,with susceptible broiler flocks 当
19、青年易感鸡群感染病毒后，免疫抑制当青年易感鸡群感染病毒后，免疫抑制 Immunosuppression,when young susceptible flocks are exposedImmunosuppression,when young susceptible flocks are exposed 第14页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE传播传播TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION：直接接触，与带毒鸡群接触直接接触，与带毒鸡群接触 Direct contact w
20、ith infected chickensDirect contact with infected chickens 间接接触，通过受污染的鸡舍，工具设间接接触，通过受污染的鸡舍，工具设 备，人员备，人员 Indirect contact through contaminated housing,equipment and personnelIndirect contact through contaminated housing,equipment and personnel 受污染的粉料受污染的粉料 以及未经高温消毒的禽类副产品饲料以及未经高温消毒的禽类副产品饲料 Contaminated
21、 non-pelleted feedContaminated non-pelleted feed containing noncontaining non-pasteurized poultry by-product mealpasteurized poultry by-product meal第15页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE发病机理发病机理PATHOGENESISPATHOGENESIS：24小时内，病毒在法式囊中的淋巴母细胞内繁殖小时内，病毒在法式囊中的淋巴母细胞内繁殖
22、Multiplication of virus in lymphoblasts of bursa of Fabricius within 24 hoursMultiplication of virus in lymphoblasts of bursa of Fabricius within 24 hours IBDV随循环系统扩散到体内其他淋巴组织中随循环系统扩散到体内其他淋巴组织中 Extension of IBDV in circulatory system to other lymphoid tissues in bodyExtension of IBDV in circulatory
23、system to other lymphoid tissues in body B淋巴细胞的繁殖减少，从而引起免疫抑制淋巴细胞的繁殖减少，从而引起免疫抑制 Proliferation of B-lymphocytes suppressed resulting in immunosuppressionProliferation of B-lymphocytes suppressed resulting in immunosuppression第16页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE
24、临床症状临床症状CLINICAL SIGNS;CLINICAL SIGNS;早期感染早期感染Early exposureEarly exposure:-:-无明显症状无明显症状no obvious signsno obvious signs 中期感染中期感染Mid-cycleMid-cycle:-:-急性发作，抑制急性发作，抑制，acute onset depression,acute onset depression,不同的不同的IBDV毒株与个体免疫情况决定不同毒株与个体免疫情况决定不同 发病率与死亡率发病率与死亡率 variable morbidity and mortality dep
25、ending on IBDV strain and immunityvariable morbidity and mortality depending on IBDV strain and immunity 无特异性症状，有些鸡排泄物中尿酸盐过多无特异性症状，有些鸡排泄物中尿酸盐过多 No characteristic signs,some birds with excessive urate excretionNo characteristic signs,some birds with excessive urate excretion 第17页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式
26、囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE病变病变LESIONSLESIONS：传统传统IBDV感染型感染型 IBDVIBDV Infection with classic IBDVInfection with classic IBDV:-急性发作急性发作Acute stageAcute stage:法式囊肿大，法式囊肿大，周围有胶状渗周围有胶状渗 出液，出液，脏器内出血脏器内出血 bursal edema with gelatinous capsule,bursal edema with gelatinous capsule,he
27、morrhage within organ may be observedhemorrhage within organ may be observed 慢性发作慢性发作Chronic stageChronic stage:法式囊逐渐萎缩法式囊逐渐萎缩 progressive bursal atrophy progressive bursal atrophy 感染特拉华变异株后，法式囊不会增大感染特拉华变异株后，法式囊不会增大 No No enlargement of bursa following exposureenlargement of bursa following exposure
28、 to Delaware variantsto Delaware variants 第18页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE诊断诊断DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS:了解病史，临床诊断了解病史，临床诊断History and clinical evaluationHistory and clinical evaluation 死后病变部位剖检死后病变部位剖检Post-mortem lesionsPost-mortem lesions 组织病理学组织病理学Histopatholo
29、gyHistopathology 血清学检验血清学检验(ELISA)Retrospective serology(ELISA)Retrospective serology(ELISA)RT-PCR或者病毒分离技术或者病毒分离技术 RT-PCR or Viral isolation with characterization(sequencing)RT-PCR or Viral isolation with characterization(sequencing)第19页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURS
30、AL DISEASE预防预防PREVENTIONPREVENTION:父母代高度免疫父母代高度免疫 Hyper-immunization of parentsHyper-immunization of parents 对肉鸡、新引进母鸡正确的免疫对肉鸡、新引进母鸡正确的免疫 Appropriate vaccination of broilers and replacement pullet chicksAppropriate vaccination of broilers and replacement pullet chicks 单一日龄体系鸡舍单一日龄体系鸡舍 Single-age far
31、msSingle-age farms 生物安全措施生物安全措施 Biosecurity proceduresBiosecurity procedures 第20页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE预防预防IBD的疫苗的疫苗VACCINES TO PREVENT IBDVACCINES TO PREVENT IBD:活苗减毒苗活苗减毒苗 Live attenuatedLive attenuated 弱毒苗，中间毒苗，中间偏强型毒苗弱毒苗，中间毒苗，中间偏强型毒苗 mild,interm
32、ediate,intermediate-plusmild,intermediate,intermediate-plus 灭活油剂（佐剂）灭活油剂（佐剂）Inactivated oil emulsionInactivated oil emulsion 抗原抗原-抗体复合物抗体复合物Antigen-antibody complexesAntigen-antibody complexes 第21页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE免疫接种原则免疫接种原则PRINCIPLES OF VACC
33、INATIONPRINCIPLES OF VACCINATION:根据当地流行病毒的血清型以及鸡只感染根据当地流行病毒的血清型以及鸡只感染情况情况/威胁，选择合适的疫苗威胁，选择合适的疫苗Selection of vaccines is based on serotypes Selection of vaccines is based on serotypes prevalent in area and the risks and consequences of infectionprevalent in area and the risks and consequences of infec
34、tion.种鸡在早期先用活苗作基础免疫保护，种鸡在早期先用活苗作基础免疫保护，再用灭活油剂（佐剂）增强再用灭活油剂（佐剂）增强Breeders are protected by a Breeders are protected by a combination of early activation“priming”of immunity using live vaccines followed by“boosting”with combination of early activation“priming”of immunity using live vaccines followed by
35、“boosting”with inactivated emulsions for MAB transferinactivated emulsions for MAB transfer第22页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE父母代免疫接种父母代免疫接种PARENT VACCINATIONPARENT VACCINATION:10日龄日龄10 day10 day 弱毒苗弱毒苗mild strainmild strain 饮水饮水drinking waterdrinking water
36、24日龄日龄24 day24 day 中间毒苗中间毒苗intermediateintermediate 饮水饮水drinking waterdrinking water 18周龄周龄18 weeks18 weeks 灭活油剂灭活油剂inactivated emulsioninactivated emulsion 肌肉注射肌肉注射IMIM 45周龄周龄45 weeks45 weeks 灭活油剂灭活油剂inactivated emulsioninactivated emulsion 肌肉注射肌肉注射IMIM*可根据可根据可根据可根据ELISAELISA 滴度选择不同的免疫措施滴度选择不同的免疫措施
37、滴度选择不同的免疫措施滴度选择不同的免疫措施n n Optional depending on ELISA titer Optional depending on ELISA titer 第23页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE肉鸡免疫措施：高危情况下肉鸡免疫措施：高危情况下 BROILER VACCINATION:HIGH RISKBROILER VACCINATION:HIGH RISK 孵化孵化18日龄，蛋内接种弱毒苗，或者对初日龄，蛋内接种弱毒苗，或者对初 生雏鸡注射弱毒苗
38、生雏鸡注射弱毒苗 1818thth day incubation MILD,day incubation MILD,in ovo in ovo or after hatch,MILD,s.cutor after hatch,MILD,s.cut 10至至14日龄，中间毒苗，饮水免疫日龄，中间毒苗，饮水免疫 10 to 14 days,INTERMEDIATE,water10 to 14 days,INTERMEDIATE,water 或者或者10至至14日龄，根据日龄，根据ELISA 滴度公式计滴度公式计算，使用中间偏强型毒苗算，使用中间偏强型毒苗 or 10 to 14 days,INTER
39、MEDIATE PLUS applying formula based on ELISA titeror 10 to 14 days,INTERMEDIATE PLUS applying formula based on ELISA titer第24页，此课件共30页哦传染性法式囊病传染性法式囊病INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASEINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE肉鸡可选择的免疫措施（低危情况下）肉鸡可选择的免疫措施（低危情况下）BROILER BROILER VACCINATION,ALTERNATIVEVACCINATION,ALTERNATIVE:孵化孵化
40、18日龄时蛋内接种日龄时蛋内接种18-day incubation in ovo18-day incubation in ovo 或对初生雏鸡皮下注射抗原或对初生雏鸡皮下注射抗原-抗体复合苗抗体复合苗 or After-hatch subcutaneous injection of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine followed byor After-hatch subcutaneous injection of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine followed by 对对10周龄上市的黄鸡，在其周龄上市的黄鸡，
41、在其20-24日龄时，日龄时，用中间毒苗通过饮水免疫用中间毒苗通过饮水免疫 20-24 day intermediate live in water for “Yellow broilers”sold at over 10 weeks20-24 day intermediate live in water for “Yellow broilers”sold at over 10 weeks 第25页，此课件共30页哦鸡贫血鸡贫血CHICKEN ANEMIACHICKEN ANEMIA发生发生OCCURRENCEOCCURRENCE:全球性全球性World wideWorld wide.病因学病
42、因学ETIOLOGYETIOLOGY:CAV是一种圆环病毒是一种圆环病毒 CAV is classified as a circovirusCAV is classified as a circovirus经济重要性经济重要性ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCEECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE:感染导致免疫抑制感染导致免疫抑制Infection results in immuno-suppressionInfection results in immuno-suppression 出现败血症以及渗出性皮炎（蓝翅病）出现败血症以及渗出性皮炎（蓝翅病）manifested as s
43、epticemia and exudative dermatitis(“blue wing”)manifested as septicemia and exudative dermatitis(“blue wing”)第26页，此课件共30页哦鸡贫血鸡贫血CHICKEN ANEMIACHICKEN ANEMIA临床症状临床症状CLINICAL SIGNSCLINICAL SIGNS:非特异性非特异性Non-specificNon-specific.抑制抑制DepressionDepression,死亡率略微升高死亡率略微升高Mild elevation in mortalityMild ele
44、vation in mortality 出现发育迟缓，皮炎，球虫病，出现发育迟缓，皮炎，球虫病，败血症败血症 Appearance of stunting,dermatitis,coccidiosis,septicemiaAppearance of stunting,dermatitis,coccidiosis,septicemia.第27页，此课件共30页哦鸡贫血鸡贫血CHICKEN ANEMIACHICKEN ANEMIA病理学病理学PATHOLOGYPATHOLOGY:严重的贫血（血球容积数严重的贫血（血球容积数15%）Severe anemia(Hematocrit of 15%)Se
45、vere anemia(Hematocrit of 15%)骨髓苍白骨髓苍白Pale bone marrowPale bone marrow 渗出性皮炎渗出性皮炎Exudative dermatitisExudative dermatitis 继发感染继发感染Secondary infectionsSecondary infections 多浆膜炎多浆膜炎polyserositispolyserositis,肠炎肠炎enteritisenteritis第28页，此课件共30页哦鸡贫血鸡贫血CHICKEN ANEMIACHICKEN ANEMIA诊断诊断DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS:了解
46、病史，临床诊断了解病史，临床诊断History and clinical evaluationHistory and clinical evaluation ELISA血清学诊断血清学诊断ELISA serologyELISA serology 对鸡贫血病毒进行对鸡贫血病毒进行PCR扩增分离扩增分离 PCR demonstration of CAV-DNA Virus isolationPCR demonstration of CAV-DNA Virus isolation第29页，此课件共30页哦鸡贫血鸡贫血CHICKEN ANEMIACHICKEN ANEMIA预防预防PREVENTION
47、PREVENTION:生物安全措施，包括单一日龄饲养体系生物安全措施，包括单一日龄饲养体系 Biosecurity including single-age flock placement programsBiosecurity including single-age flock placement programs 10周龄时给予父母代鸡周龄时给予父母代鸡CA活苗接种免疫，活苗接种免疫，并用并用ELISA检测血清滴度检测血清滴度 Immunization of parent flocks Administration of live CA vaccine at 10 weeks with
48、monitoring of ELISA titer response Immunization of parent flocks Administration of live CA vaccine at 10 weeks with monitoring of ELISA titer response to ensure sero-conversionto ensure sero-conversion 如果没有如果没有CA疫苗，可以对未成熟鸡群采用疫苗，可以对未成熟鸡群采用预感染预感染Contrived infection of pullets is acceptable only if CA vaccine is not available or permittedContrived infection of pullets is acceptable only if CA vaccine is not available or permitted第30页，此课件共30页哦