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1、 1/7 2018 年江苏省镇江市初中学业水平考试 英语答案解析 一、单项选择 1.【答案】C【解析】考查冠词用法。句意：霍金，最著名的科学家之一，在3月份去世了。用定冠词the构成多音节形容词famous的最高级形式。故选C。2.【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：我的同班同学丹尼尔在今天的英语课上装扮成电子狗霍波。dress up as.意为“装扮成”，as后跟表示角色的名词。故选A。3.【答案】A【解析】考查there be句型。句意：在街道拐角处有一家咖啡店。那儿的咖啡尝起来不错。there be句型表示“某处有某物”，have/has的主语是表示人或组织的名词。主语a coffee
2、 shop提示be动词用单数形式。故选A。4.【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：直到我在电视上看到了这个外卖员我才相信他能记住这么多古诗。前文的not提示构成句型not.until.，表示“直到才”。故选B。5.【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我错过了昨晚的经典咏流传节目。你不必在意。你可以稍后在网上观看。答语第二句提示用情态动词neednt，表示“不必”。故选D。6.【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一些志愿者计划就学校放学时间做一个调查。find out意为“搞清楚；弄明白”；sell out意为“卖光”；take out意为“拿出；取出”。carry out表示“执
3、行；完成”和a survey构成动宾短语，表示“做一项调查”。故选D。7.【答案】B【解析】考查时态和延续性动词与非延续性动词；句意：尽管李先生离开他的家乡10多年了，但他时不时地想念他的老朋友们。for引导的表示一段时间的时间状语提示和表示状态的be away from连用，主句谓语动词misses用一般现在时提示让步状语从句中用现在完成时态。故选B。8.【答案】A【解析】考查感叹句引导词。句意：我听说在上海将会有一个小猪佩奇主题公园。多令人惊喜啊！形容词big修饰名词surprise，中心词是名词，用what引导感叹句，a big surprise表示“大吃一惊”。故选A。9.【答案】B
4、2/7 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：一下学期我们学校餐厅将要使用人工智能机器人。我期待它。主语“人工智能机器人”和谓语动词use存在被动关系，时间状语nextterm（下学期）提示用一般将来时，故谓语用一般将来时态的被动语态形式。故选B。10.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：袁隆平对我们国家的贡献是了不起的。我同意。他和他的团队甚至开始种植海水稻。celebration 意为“庆祝”，conversation意为“对话”，collection意为“收集”，contribution意为“贡献”，符合句意。故选C。11.【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：你的前额怎么了？我在遛狗时把头撞
5、到树上了。主句用了过去时态，提示while引导的时间状语从句中用过去进行时态，表示在过去，一个动作发生过程中发生了某事。故选B。12.【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：入乡随俗。在国外旅行时，我们应当举止得体。很对。用副词properly，意为“适当地；恰当地”，修饰动词behave，符合句意。故选D。13.【答案】B【解析】考查构词知识。句意：下面哪个单词构词像“homework”？homework是由两个名词构成的合成词，B项raincoat的构词方式与其一样。故选B。14.【答案】C【解析】查情景交际。句意：我可以通过微信付款吗？当然可以。请扫描墙上的二维码。A项意为“我想要”，B项
6、意为“恐怕不能”，D项意为“不要紧”。根据答语第二句可知用Of course you can，意为“你当然可以”，来应答上文may引导的表示征求许可的一般疑问句。故选C。15.【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们的毕业聚会将是在6月28日。棒极了！你能告诉我谁将会演出吗？could引导的一般疑问句表示委婉语气，根据第一句中用一般将来时态，可知A项时态不对，B项在宾语从句中不应该用疑问句语序，D项是that引导的陈述句作宾语从句，与主句语义不搭配。故选C。二、完形填空【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。想起朋友，我们往往想到的是那些一直在我们的生命中陪伴我们的人。然而还有一些朋友只是在我们的生命
7、中一闪而过。但我们和他们的过往却时常出现在我们的脑海里，这种友谊让我们温暖，我们也默默地祝他们安好。作者在文中回忆了与自己短暂相处过的两个朋友。16.【答案】C【解析】短语in fact用作插入语，意为“事实上”，起强调作用，此处强调与上文相反的情况，符的朋友合“事实上，还有另一种类型”。故选C。3/7 17.【答案】D【解析】上文“虽然时间不长”和but提示用动词fill（填充；充满），和mind构成动宾短语，符合“在某个时刻出现在我们的脑海里”。故选D。18.【答案】C【解析】上文名词bed提示在next to后用名词性物主代词mine，表示my bed，符合“她就睡在我旁边的床上”。故选
8、C。19.【答案】A【解析】下文的“从床上跳下来”提示用形容词active（活泼的），构成比较级more active和braver并列。故选A。20.【答案】D【解析】impressed me表示“给我留下了印象”，符合句意“她踩在冰凉的地板上的两只小脚给我留下了印象。”故选D。21.【答案】D【解析】上文“我被送到幼儿园”和下文“我父母非常忙”存在因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句。故选D。22.【答案】B【解析】短文是作者在回忆与自己短暂相处过的朋友，所以此处指的是“我们的友谊开始于所谓的竞争”，用friendship，表示“友谊”。故选B。23.【答案】B【解析】空格后的was
9、 made和下文的by短语，提示用communication（交流），符合“我们的交流是通过在绘画、玩游戏甚至吃饭方面试图击败对方来达成的”。故选B。24.【答案】A【解析】肯定句中用something，符合句意“我认为，我们的比赛给了我某些可控的东西。”故选A。25.【答案】B【解析】用副词naturally表示“自然地”，符合“温暖自然地在我们心里升起”，和下文silently（默默地）呼应。故选B。三、阅读理解 A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。短文就如何提高自己、如何成为更优秀的人提出了三点建议，并特别强调第一点善待自己尤为重要。26.【答案】A 4/7 【解析】代词指代题。承接上文“我
10、去了很多学校”，It always made me scared后省略了to go to a lot of schools。故选A。27.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。第3点建议主要是在说要乐于助人。故选A。28.【答案】C【解析】句意理解题。该句意为“你不能从空杯子里倒出水来（爱人先爱己）”，C项意为“要对世界奉献更多的爱，就要先善待自己。”两者意思相近，故选C。B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。过去的十年里，越来越多的外国人到中国来工作。短文叙述了两名外国青年在中国创业实现自己理想的故事。29.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文所提供的Nikk的信息，可知他18岁来到中国，被网上一段VR
11、视频所吸引，接下来是找到一个在线社区，然后成立了公司。故选B。30.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。短文在叙述了在中国实现梦想的Nikk后，开始介绍Artem Zhdanov，由画线短语所在句中的also，以及下文介绍，可以猜出画线短语与实现梦想和抱负有关。故选B。31.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。短文末句意为“只要他们有想法和决心，他们就能容易地在这里开创事业。”推知上句应为D项“中国已经给外国人提供了良好的创业环境。”A项的Hangzhou和上文中Guangzhou意义不搭配；B项中的travel around和下文中build a business不对应；C项中的among Chines
12、e与短文的主旨意义不符。故选D。C【文章大意】短文选自英国作家麦克 莫波格的小说蝴蝶狮。叙述者讲述了自己与丈夫和狮子一起生活的故事，并描述了狮子去世后丈夫的悲痛心情。32.【答案】C【解析】句意理解题。承接上文“我”不让它进到卧室里来和丈夫多次请求妻子让狮子进来，可知画线句子表达的是不允许狮子进入他们的卧室。故选C。33.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文倒数第二段第一、二句可知C项关于狮子的叙述正确其丈夫。故选C。34.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。通过短文的叙述可知，叙述者对于狮子不能自食其力，占据其生活空间，对风筝的破 5/7 坏等颇有微词，而其丈夫Bertie对狮子感情更深，尤其对
13、狮子死后丈夫心情和举动的描写可以判断Bertie比他的妻子更加喜爱狮子。故选D。35.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。节选的短文是叙述者夫妇和狮子最后一段时光的描写。故选D。四、词汇运用 A）36.【答案】worries 37.【答案】earliest 38.【答案】pronunciation 39.【答案】unknown 40.【答案】museums B）41.【答案】posted/mailed 42.【答案】leaves 43.【答案】ourselves 44.【答案】wisely 45.【答案】sharing 五、短文填空【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。短文说明了阅读电子书和阅读纸质书对
14、大脑影响的异同。46.【答案】happening【解析】主语what提示用happen，表示“发生的事情”，助动词is提示用现在分词形式。47.【答案】However【解析】下文的still“仍然”提示用副词however“然而”，表示句意转折。48.【答案】better【解析】前文的prefer.to.提示两者比较，用副词well的比较级better，修饰动词work。49.【答案】different【解析】文叙述说明专家们提出了一些不同的观点。用different，表示“不同的”，修饰名词ideas。50.【答案】include【解析】上文的“下列因素”和下文的分类说明，提示用动词incl
15、ude，表示“包括；包含”。51.【答案】purpose【解析】承接上文的“类型和内容”，根据下文也可知，此处意为“阅读的目的”。6/7 52.【答案】funny/fun【解析】前文entertainment（娱乐）提示用fun或funny修饰stories，表示“有趣的故事”。53.【答案】knowledge【解析】下文的“about science”提示用动词gain和knowledge构成动宾短语，表示“获取知识”。54.【答案】hand/handwriting【解析】上文“记笔记”及下文typing notes提示用by hand，表示“亲手”，或by handwriting，表示“手
16、写”。55.【答案】easy【解析】承接上文手写笔记花费时间长，提示下文用easy（容易的），符合句意“所以对你来说读纸质书记住要点是容易的。”六、任务型阅读 A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。人们往往制定了锻炼计划后很难坚持，短文就如何养成锻炼习惯提出了5点建议。56.【答案】weather【解析】根据第1点建议，可知做俯卧撑不需要考虑天气情况。57.【答案】changing【解析】根据第2点建议中“change clothes”可知用change，在介词after后要用其动名词形式。58.【答案】deep【解析】根据第3点建议中“breathe deeply”可知用take a deep b
17、reath，表示“深呼吸”。59.【答案】progress/improvements【解析】空格后“减了一些体重、锻炼时间更长”等提示用progress，表示“进步”，或improvements，表示“改进”。60.【答案】increase/add【解析】用动词increase或add，表示“增加”，与the number of steps构成动宾短语，意为“增加步数”。B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。食物浪费是一个全球问题。短文讲述了法国在禁止食物浪费方面所做的努力，包括采取一些常规措施和制定一些法律法规等。61.【答案】quarter/fourth【解析】第一段中的25 percent，提
18、示用quarter或fourth，表示“四分之一”。62.【答案】governments【解析】第二段首句提示是法国政府。故用government的名词所有格形式修饰名词action。63.【答案】fined/punished【解析】第二段中“face a fine”（面临罚款）提示用动词过去分词fined构成一般将来时态的被动语态，表示 7/7 “被罚款”，或用punished，表示“被惩罚”。64.【答案】meaningful/important【解析】倒数第二段中“means a lot”提示用形容词meaningful（有意义的）或important（重要的）作表语。65.【答案】ma
19、tters【解析】末段中的everyones duty（每个人的责任）提示用动词matters，表示“关系重大；要紧”。七、书面表达【答案】One possible version：Dear Sir/Madam,I have read the information about the two families.And I have decided to live in the Green family.The old couple have no children but two dogs,so they will have more time to communicate with me
20、in English and I can play with their pets as well.Their flat is in the centre of London,so its easy for me to go around.I can also use the Wi-fi to keep in touch with my parents.My family can afford the cost of 350 pounds.I also have good ideas for the study tour.I love history,so I wonder if we can
21、 visit the British Museum during the stay.Im curious about the British food as well,so if you can take us to have a taste,that will be very wonderful.Im really looking forward to this tour!Many thanks,Li Hua【解析】本文是一篇应用文。要求就游学活动提供的两个家庭的相关信息写一封回复邮件。仔细审读提供的信息，作出选择后要说明选择的理由，并提出游学活动建议。注意：1.邮件内容要谈到自己和第三方的
22、相关情况，人称采用第一人称和第三人称。2.陈述客观事实或提出建议，句子多采用一般现在时态；说明自己的决定时可以采用现在完成时态；预测将来的情况时可以采用一般将来时态。3.结合邮件内容，组织because和so等连词说明因果关系；商讨双方的情况时可以采用if引导的条件状语从句等。英语试卷 第 1 页（共 12 页）英语试卷 第 2 页（共 12 页）绝密启用前 江苏省镇江市 2018 年初中学业水平考试 英 语(满分：90 分 考试时间：100 分钟)一、单项选择（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Hawking,on
23、e of _ most famous scientists,passed away in March.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 2.My classmate Daniel dressed up _ the e-dog Hobo in todays English class.A.as B.of C.at D.to 3.There _ a coffee shop at the corner of the street.The coffee there tastes nice.A.is B.are C.has D.have 4.I couldnt believe the take-a
24、way man can remember so many classical poems _ I saw him on TV.A.since B.until C.if D.when 5.I missed last nights Everlasting Classics（经典咏流传）！You _ care.You can watch it online later.A.mustnt B.cant C.may not D.neednt 6.Some volunteers plan to _ a survey about the school finishing time.A.find out B.
25、sell out C.take out D.carry out 7.Though Mr.Li _ his hometown for over ten years,he misses his old friends from time to time.A.has left B.has been away from C.was away from D.left 8.I hear there will be a Peppa Pig Theme Park in Shanghai._ big surprise!A.What a B.What C.How D.How a 9.An AI robot _ i
26、n our school dining hall next term.Im looking forward to it.A.will use B.will be used C.is used D.was used 10.Yuan Longpings _ to our country is amazing.I agree.He and his team even start to plant saltwater rice.A.celebration B.conversation C.contribution D.collection 11.Whats wrong with your forehe
27、ad(前额)?I knocked my head on the tree while I _ my dog.A.walked B.was walking C.has walked D.am walking 12.When in Rome,do as the Romans do.We should behave _ when travelling abroad.Thats quite true.A.probably B.hardly C.highly D.properly 13.Which of the following words is formed like“homework”?A.inv
28、entor B.raincoat C.dishonest D.careless 14.May I pay the bill through WeChat?_.Please scan the QR code(二维码)on the wall.A.Id like to B.Im afraid not C.Of course you can D.Never mind 15.Our graduation party will be on June 28.Thats wonderful!Could you tell me _?A.if all of our teachers joined us B.whe
29、re will it be held C.who will give the performances D.that we should wear school uniforms 二、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。When we think of friends,we usually think of those who have been in our life for a long time.16 ,there is another type of friendone th
30、at has not been with us for a long period-在-此-卷-上-答-题-无-效-毕业学校_ 姓名_ 考生号_ _ 英语试卷 第 3 页（共 12 页）英语试卷 第 4 页（共 12 页）of time,but 17 our mind at some moment.The first such friend I remember is the little girl with red curly hair.She was in the bed next to 18 when I received an operation on my nose.She was
31、about two years older,more 19 and braver.She would jump out of bed whenever the nurse was gone.Her two little feet on the cold floor 20 me.Without her,I would have been alone and afraid.Two years later,I was sent to a nursery school 21 my parents were far too busy.There,I met a foreign girl.We both
32、were the oldest in that school;the others were babies who were not able to talk with us.Our 22 started with so-called(所谓的)competitions.Although we couldnt speak to each other in the same language,our 23 was made by trying to beat(击败)each otherat drawing,at game,even at eating.Our competitions,I thin
33、k,gave me 24 I could control.And maybe I gave her the same.We got through a difficult time together.Such friends often support us when our life is off balance.A word,a smile,even a similar scene can bring back memories about them.25 ,the warmth rises in our heart when we think of them.And silently,w
34、e thank them and wish them well.16.A.In the end B.In general C.In fact D.In all 17.A.closes B.clears C.trains D.fills 18.A.his B.hers C.mine D.yours 19.A.active B.modest C.creative D.careful 20.A.reminded B.satisfied C.protected D.impressed 21.A.unless B.till C.although D.because 22.A.wisdom B.frien
35、dship C.dream D.energy 23.A.invitation B.communication C.suggestion D.decision 24.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 25.A.Luckily B.Naturally C.Surprisingly D.Hopefully 三、阅读理解（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分）阅读下面的三篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。A Would you like to improve yourself?Woul
36、d you like to be a better person?Good news!Here weve got some tips for you.Tip 1 Be Kind Remember to be kind to yourself.You can do simple things to take care of yourself,like getting enough sleep to make yourself energetic.If you dont do like that,you will not bring anything good to anyone else.Whe
37、n you decide to show more kindness to yourself and to others,life changes quickly in a better way.Tip 2 Be Encouraging Its amazing what a kind word or touch can do.When I was a kid,I went to a lot of schools.It always made me scare-d,and I was very nervous and unsure of myself.One time,a teacher tou
38、ched my head and said,smiling,“Dont worryyoull have a good time with us in this classroom.”I still remember my teachers words.All of us may come across some trouble in our life,and a bit of encouragement can be remembered for years.Tip 3 _ When my sister and I were kids,my mum didnt have a car and o
39、ur school was a 30-minute walk.Our neighbor offered to drive us to school when she dropped her son off,and that saved my mother a lot of time.Giving help to others can bring you happiness.When thinking about how to become a better person,remember that small changes are also important.But“be kind to
40、yourself”comes first.As the old saying goes,“You cant pour from an empty cup.”So in order to be a person who can give more love to this world,you have to fall in love with yourself first.26.The underlined word“It”in Tip 2 refers to(指代)_.A.going to a lot of schools B.getting along with classmates C.t
41、alking with the teacher D.staying in the classroom 27.What can be the best title for Tip 3?A.Be Helpful B.Be Polite C.Be Outgoing D.Be Honest 28.The sentence“You cant pour from an empty cup.”in the last paragraph means“_.”英语试卷 第 5 页（共 12 页）英语试卷 第 6 页（共 12 页）A.To encourage others,smile to them often
42、B.To become a better person,start with small changes C.To give more love to the world,be kind to yourself first D.To make friends with neighbors,drive their kids to school B The number of the foreigners who work in China has increased greatly during the past ten years.A Canadian called Nikk Mitchell
43、 and his team are running after their dreams in China.The team is thinking about mixing the Chinese calligraphy(书法)with the virtual reality(虚拟现实,VR)technology.He set up the company FXG in 2017 and now has a team of over 30workers.The company lies in Dream Town,Hangzhou entrepreneurial parks(创业园)that
44、 offer free workspaces and other services.Following his dream to discover the world,Mitchell arrived in China in 2006at the age of 18.Six years later,he was amazed by a VR video he saw online,and decided to work in this field.Shortly after,he started studying and found an online community of people
45、who had the same interest.Mitchell is seeing his VR dream come true because China encourages innovation and entrepreneurship(创新和创业)and the government has also provided great support for high-tech development.For 28-yearold Russian Artem Zhdanov,China is also his ideal place to fulfill ambition.After
46、 graduating from college,he left his hometown in Siberia and moved to Guangzhou.In recent years,he has built a Russian-language news website about China and set up an online store on Taobao.The news website now has 100,000 monthly visits,and the products he sells online,such as T-shirts,cups,and cho
47、psticks,have become popular among foreigners living in China.His childhood dream was to be a diplomat(外交官).Now it has been realized in some ways.His website and Taobao store are like bridges connecting foreigners with China._ As long as they have ideas and resolve(决心),they can easily build a busines
48、s here.29.The correct time order of the following events is_.a.Nikk set up the company FXG.b.Nikk was amazed by a VR video.c.Nikk found an online community.d.Nikk got to China at the age of 18.A.a-b-c-d B.d-b-c-a C.c-b-d-a D.d-b-a-c 30.The underlined phrase“fulfill ambition”means“_”.A.visit websites
49、 B.achieve dreams C.do shopping D.receive education 31.Which of the following can be put at the beginning of the last paragraph?A.Hangzhou has set up entrepreneurial parks to offer service.B.China is an ideal place for foreigners to travel around.C.Guangzhou has become a popular place among Chinese.
50、D.China has offered a good business environment to foreigners.C Characters：“I”Storyteller Bertiestorytellers husband The White Princea lion We never had children of our ownjust The White Princeand I can tell you,he was enough of a family for anyone.He walked freely in the park just as we had planned