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1、.20132013 小升初英语总复习小升初英语总复习一、名 词表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用 is 或者 was；最好不要根据 some、any、a lot of 等词去作判断,以免受误导。1、可数名词如何变复数形式：a一般情况下,直接加-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读s,浊辅音和元音后读z。b以 s.x.sh.ch 结尾,加-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；读音：iz。c以辅音字
2、母+y结尾,变 y 为 i,再加-es,如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；读音：z。d以f 或 fe结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es,如：knife-knives,thief-thieves；读音：z。e以o结尾的词,分两种情况1 有生命的+es读音：z如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2 无生命的+s读音：z如：photo-photos radio-radiosf.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman
3、-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上量词+of。例如：a glass of water,a piece of paper,a bottle of juice判断步骤：如是 am、is 或 was原形读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看be 动词如是 are 或 were加 s 或
4、es1/50.练一练：1、写出下列各词的复数。I _ him _ this _ her _ watch_ mango_child _ photo _ diary_ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_sandwich _ man_ woman_ leaf_ people_2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。1Are there two on the table?2I can see some in the cinema.3How many are there in a week?4Her
5、ere five of for you.5This is hers.Those are over there.二、冠词冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前,表示一个,一件。an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如：an e-mail,an orange,an old man,an English watch,an hour2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the 没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：1 用来表示特指某些人或某些事物。如：The map on the wall is new.2 表示说话
6、者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture,please.3 表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp.The stamp is beautiful.4 用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球5 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall 长城6 用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江7 此外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：the first day,the best
7、boy,play the piano,in the same class确定用 a、an 还是 the 时可根据汉语意思。练一练：1、用 a 或 an 填空。_ U_2/50.ice-cream_ goalkeeper_teapot _apple_office_English book _umbrella_unit _hour2、根据需要,填写冠词 a,an 或 the。1Who is_girl behind_tree?2_old man has two children,_ son and_daughter.3This is_ orange._ orange is Lucys.4He lik
8、es playing_guitar.We have_same hobby.5We all had_good time last Sunday.6She wants to be_doctor.三，数 词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有the；序数词前一定要有the。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上-。如：21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上 and。如：101 a/one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 ei
9、ghteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice5、序数词一般加th,特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth 第几十几：前面整十不变,后面几改为序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth练一练：1、请翻译下列短语。160 名学生215 本英语书3 九杯凉水44 个孩子3/50.512 月 3166 月 2日7 第九周840年前911+710上学第一天2、把下列基数词改成序
10、数词。one-two-three-nine-fourteen-twenty-thirty-five-eighty-one四、代词代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前疑问句除外；宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：This is my bag.=This is mine.That is her ruler.=That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物
11、主代词；如无,就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表：人称代词物主代词练一练：单数主格宾格Imeyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitit复数weusyouyouyouryourstheythemtheirtheirs形容词性my名词性mineitsitsourours1、按要求写出相应人称代词。4/50.I宾格_ she形容词性物主代词_ we名词性物主代词_he复数_ us单数_ theirs主格_ its宾格_2、想一想,把下表补充完整。人称代词单数主格第一人称第二人称youhe第三人称宾格meheritthem复数主格you宾格us物主代词单数形容词
12、性名词性hisitstheir复数形容词性our名词性3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.2The dress is _.Give it to _.3Is this _ watch?No,its not _.4_ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.5_ dresses are red.What colour are _?6Show _ your kite,OK?7I have a beautiful cat.
13、_name is Mimi.These cakes are _.8Are these _ tickets?No,_ are not _._ arent here.9Shall _ have a look at that classroom?That is _ classroom.10_ is my aunt.Do you know _ job?_is a nurse.11Where are _?I cant find _.Lets call _ parents.12Dont touch _._is not a cat,_ is a tiger!13_ sister is ill.Please
14、go and see _.14The girl behind _ is our friend.五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较5/50.级、最高级。比较级：+er最高级：the+est两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形,than 的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：1 一般直接+er。如：tall-taller,fast-faster单音节词如果以-e 结尾,只加-r。如：late-later2 重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er。如：big-bigger,fat-f
15、atter3 以辅音字母加-y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i,再加-er。如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier4 双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more 构成。如：beautiful-more beautiful,careful-more careful,quietly-more quietly,interesting-more interesting5 有些不规则变化的,须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well better,bad/ill worse,many/much more,far farther/further,old older/elder练一练：1、写出下
16、列形容词、副词的比较级。big good long tall oldshort thin heavy young fatlight strong high far lowearly late well fast slow2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1 I can swim as_ as the fish,I think.2 Look!His hands are_ than mine.3 I think you do these things_ than your classmates.4 Whose bag is_,yours or mine?5 Does Jim run as_slo
17、w as David?Yes,but Mike runs_ than them.6 You have seven books,but I have_ than you.I ha ve ten.7 I jump_ than some of the boys in my class.8 Im very_,but shes_ than me.6/50.9 It gets_and_ when spring comes here.六、介词1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能在句子中起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,b
18、efore,after,for,to,up,down,from,in frontof,out of,fromto,at the back of2、表示时间的介词有：at,on,in。1at 表示在某一个具体的时间点上,或用在固定词组中。如：at tenoclock,at 9:30 a.m.,at night,at the weekend 2on 表示在某日或某日的时间段。如：on Friday,on thefirst of October,on Monday morning 3in 表示在某一段时间 月份、季节里。如：in the afternoon,in September,in summe
19、r,in 20053、in 一词还有其他的固定搭配,如：in blue穿着蓝色的衣服,in English用英语表达,take part in参加。练一练：1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1 Whats this_ English?2 Christmas is_ the 25th of December.3 The man_ black is Su Hais father.4 He doesnt do well_ PE.5 Look at those birds_ the tree.6 We are going to meet_ the bus stop_ halfpast ten.7 Is t
20、here a cat_ the door?8 Helens writing paper is_ her computer.9 We live_ a new house now.10 Does it often rain_ spring there?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上。1 Jim is good in English and Maths.2 The films were in the groundjust now.7/50.3 They are talking to their plans.4 How many students have theirbi
21、rthdays on May?5 Womens Day is at the third of March.6 I can jog to school on themorning.7 Did you water trees at the farm?8 Can you come and help me on myEnglish?9 I usually take photos in Sunday morning.10 What did you do on the SpringFestival?七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括 be 动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词就是我们平时总说的那
22、种动词。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法：先用一量词如：一个、一张等和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词；说不通再用很去判断,就是把很和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。目前我们学过的,以后可能不同另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道 1、be 动词 am,is,are,was,were1amwas,is was,are-were 口诀：我用 am,你用 are,is 用在他她它,所有复数全用 are。2 肯定和否定句 I am from London.He is a teacher.She is in the d
23、ining room.Myhair islong.Her eyes are small.3 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese?Yes,you are.No,you arent.Are they American?Ye s,they are.No,they arent.Is the cat fat?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.4be 动词的否定形式：am not没有缩写形式,are not=arent,is not=isnt。用恰当的 be 动词填空。练一练：1、用 be 动词的适当形式填空。1I _ a boy._ you a boy?No,I _ not.2The gi
24、rl_ Jacks sister.3The dog _ tall and fat.4The man withbig eyes _ a teacher.8/50.5_ your brother in the classroom?6How_ your father?7Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.8Whosedress _ this?9Whose socks _ they?10Who _ I?11The jeans _ on the desk.12Here _ a scarf for you.13Here_ some sweaters for you.14The bla
25、ck gloves _ for Su Yang.15This pair of gloves _for Yang Ling.16The two cups of milk _ for me.17Some tea_ in the glass.18Gao shans shirt _ over there.19Mysisters name _Nancy.20_ David and Helen from England?21There _ a girl inthe room.22There _ some apples on the tree.23_ there any applejuice in the
26、bottle?24There _ some bread on the plate.25You,he and I _ fromChina.26There _ a boy,two girls,three men and ten women in the park.2、助动词 do,does,diddo,does 用于一般现在时,其过去式 did 用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not=dont,does not=doesnt,did not=didnt。注意：在一般现在时中,does 用于第三人称单数,其余一律用助动词 do；助动词 do,does,did 后面
27、一定要用动词原形。练1、用适当的助动词填空。1 _you like this magazine?2 The girl_like bread for breakfast.3-What_ she_ at the weekends?-She usually plays games with her friends.9/50.4-Wha_ you do last Sunday?-I wrote to my friend.5-Did you see a Beijing opera?-No,I_.6 He_not visit a farm last National Day holiday.7 They_
28、 not like playing volleyball.8-_Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday?-Yes,he.9_Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10-How many kites_we have?-We have ten.2、找出下列句子中的错误,将序号填入题前括号内,并改正。1 Did you had a big lunch with your family last SpringFestival?A B C 2-What do the boy have
29、 in his pencil-box?-He has arubber.A B C 3They doesnt like the film.A B C 4 Do Jim get up at six everyday?A B C 5 Dont giving the ball to Liu Tao.A B C3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might、must。注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。不受其他任何条件影响其否定形式
30、：can not=cant,must not=mustnt,注意：may not 和 shall not无缩写形式练一练：选择填空。10/50.1 The sign on the wall means you_stay away from the building.A.mustB.cant C.shouldnt 2 How many books_ you see on the desk?A.may B.can C.should 3 It means you_ make noise in the library.A.should B.shouldnt C.can 4-_you like a gl
31、ass of milk?-Yes,please.A.May B.Could C.Would 5-_you see the sign over there?-Sorry,I cant.A.Can B.Cant C.Should 6_ we go to the park by bus?A.May B.Must C.Shall 4、行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live 等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词也叫动名词+ing、过去式+ed。1 动词第三人称单数变化规则：A、一般直接加s,如：play plays,vis
32、it visits,speak speaks；B、以s,x,sh,ch结尾时,加es,如：catch catches,watch watches；C、以辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i再加es,如：carry carries,study studies。2 现在分词动名词构成规则：A、一般直接加ing,如：go going,do doing,look looking；B、以不发音的e结尾的单词,去e 加ing,如：take taking,make making,have having；C、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加ing,如：put putting,stop
33、 stopping,run running,get getting,swim swimming,sit sitting,begin beginning,jog jogging,forget forgetting。3 过去式构成规则：A、一般直接加ed,如：plant planted,visit visited,pick picked；B、以不发音字母e结尾,直接加ed,如：like liked,hope hoped,taste tasted；C、以辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i再加ed,如：try tried,carry carried,study studied；D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母
34、,再加ed,如：stop stopped；11/50.E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的,请记忆：是-am-was-being；是-are-were-being；是-be-was,were-being；成为-become-became-becoming；开始-begin-began-beginning；弯曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing；买-buy-bought-buying；能-can-could-；捕捉-catch-caught-catching；选择-choose-chose-choosing；来-come-came-coming；切-cut
35、-cut-cutting；做-do,does-did-doing；画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感觉-feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found-finding；飞-fly-flew-flying；忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing；有-have,has-had-having；听-hear-heard-hearing；
36、受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；学习-learn-learned,learnt-learning；允许,让-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might-；意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见-meet-met-meeting；必须-must-must-；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding；响、鸣-ring-rang-rin
37、ging；跑-run-ran-running；说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should-；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping；说-speak-spoke-speaking；度过-spend-spent-spending。练一练：1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink _go _stay _make _look _have _pass _carry _come _watch _plant _fly _study _brush _do _tea
38、ch_ take_ see_2、写出下列动词的现在分词。put _give _fly _get _dance _sit_ run_plant _take _swim _ask _stop _take _write _have _smoke _ think_ want_ tell_3、写出下列动词的过去式。isam _fly _plant _are _drink _play _go _make _does _dance _worry _ask _taste _12/50.eat _draw _put _throw _kick _pass _do _4、用动词的适当形式填空。1I _to scho
39、ol from Monday to Friday.My brother often _to school with me.Yesterdaywe_to school together.We like _to school very much.2They usually _lunch at home.But last week,they _lunch at school.3That_my English book.It _new.But now it _not here.It _there a momentago.4My sister likes _very much.She often _at
40、 our school festival.Last term,she_a lot ofsongs in the school hall.She _beautifully.5What _ he usually _on Sunday?He usually _his homework.Look!He _his homework now._he _his homework last Sunday?Yes,he_.6Do people usually_ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival?Yes,they do.Did you _mooncakeslast Mid-aut
41、umn Festival?Yes,I did.I _a lot of delicious moon cakes.八、there/here be 结构1、there be结构表示某时、某地存在着什么事物或人,包括 there is、there are、there was、therewere。here be 结构与它类似,用法也完全相同,只不过是表示这里存在着什么事物或人。2、和 have、has、had 的区别：1There be 句型表示：在某地有某物或人；而 have、has、had 表示：某人拥有某物。2 在 there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用 is；主语是复数,be 动词
42、用 are；如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近 be 动词的那个名词决定就近原则。3there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not,一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。4there be 句型与 have 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物或人；have 表示某人拥有某物。5some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。6and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。13/50.7 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many+名词复数+are there
43、+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？8 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats+介词短语？9There be 结构一般用在句子的开头,而 have 等词只能用于某一个主语后面。练一练：1、用恰当的 be 动词填空。1 There_ four seasons in a year.2 There_not any trees two years ago.3-_there a post office near your school?-Yes,there_.4-How many stops_there?-There_only one.5 There_not
44、any stamps on the envelope.6_ there any birds in the tree?7 There_ a shopping centre near our school last year.But now there_ no one.8 There_only three of us:my dad,my mum and me.9 Here_some bread for you.10 In New York,there_ a lot of rain in spring.2、选用have,has,had,there is,there are,there was,the
45、re were填空。1 I_a good father and a good mother.2_ a telescope on the desk.3 He_a tape-recorder.4_a basketballin the playground.5 They_ a nice garden.6 My father_ a story-book last year.7_a reading-room in the building?8 What does Mike_?9 _any books in the bookcase?10 How many students_in the classroo
46、m?11_a story-book on the table a moment ago.12 What do you_?13 My parents_ some nice pictures.14_ some maps on the wall.15_ a map of the world on the wall.14/50.16 Davids friends_ some tents.17_ many children on the hill.九、some,any 的用法some 用于肯定句；any 用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。例：There is some water
47、in the glass.肯定句There are some flowers in the garden.肯定句There arent any lamps in the study.否定句Are there any maps on the wall?一般疑问句Would you like some orange juice?希望得到肯定回答Do you want to take any photos at the party?一般疑问句练一练：选用 some 或 any 填空。1 There isnt_milk in the fridge.2 I can see_cars,but I cant
48、see_buses.3 He has_ friends in England.4 Were there_fruit trees onthe farm?5 Here are_presents for you.6 Does Tom want to take _ photos?7 Is there_rice in the kitchen?8 There are_new buildings in ourschool.9-Would you like_ cakes?-No,Id not like_cakes,but Id like_coffee.10-Are there_pictures on the
49、wall?-No,there arent_pictures.十、动词不定式1、to 加动词原形构成一种非谓语形式,在这里不是介词,无词义。如：I want to make a New Year card.我想制作一张新年贺卡。Would you like to have a picnic with us?你愿意和我们一起去野餐吗？2、to 保留原来动词的一些特征,它可以带自己的宾语和状语等。如：To get there faster,you can take bus No.5.想快一点到那儿,你可以坐 5 路车。3、to 前有时带疑问词 what,when,where,which,why,ho
50、w等。如：Hes asking Yang Ling how to get there.他正在问杨玲怎样到达那里。总而言之,一定要记住：to 后面用动词原形。15/50.练一练：1、用扩号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1 People would like_ to farms in the countryside.2 Its time _ lunch3 I want_ some presents for my friends.4 The thief began-_.5 Please shouw me how_ to the shopping centre.6 Would you like_ us?7