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1、第第六六章章操操作作与与配配置置Cisco IOS主讲人：ALLEN本章目标通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容:完成路由器的初始参数配置在网络设备上进入并辨识不同的命令模式在不同的用户界面下应用各种帮助和命令行编辑功能查看并确认各网络设备的基本信息Cisco IOS 软软件件提提供供多多种种网网络络服服务务进进而而支支持持各各种种网网络络应应用用.Cisco 互连网操作系统(IOS)软件硬硬件件自自检检定定位位并并加加载载Cisco IOS映映象象文文件件定定位位并并运运行行配配置置文文件件Cisco设备的简单启动过程提供命令行界面在不同的网络设备上运行时有差别 在命令模式下可以键入或粘贴命令
2、 键入命令后回车，设备即解析和执行所键入的命令两个主要命令模式是用户模式和特权模式不同的命令模式有不同的提示符CiscoIOSCisco IOS用户界面的基本特性特特权权(或或enabled)模模式式对对交交换换机机和和路路由由器器更更深深入入的的操操作作有有配配置置和和监监视视权权力力是是进进入入其其它它配配置置模模式式的的前前提提命命令令提提示示符符为为 主主机机名名#模模式式二二(也也是是最最常常用用的的模模式式):Cisco IOS的主要命令模式(续)系统启动例程会初始化路由器如果需要，路由器可以有选择性地回退启动Check hardwareFind and load Cisco IO
3、Ssoftware image Find and apply routerconfiguration information Load Bootstrap1.启启动动前前确确认认正正确确连连接接线线缆缆和和控控制制线线2.按按下下电电源源开开关关3.观观察察启启动动顺顺序序 Cisco IOS输输出出到到控控制制台台上上的的内内容容Cisco路由器的初始启动没有配置文件与有配置文件的路由器启动对比-System Configuration Dialog-Continue with configuration dialog?yes/no:yes At any point you may ente
4、r a question mark?for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Setup模模式式wg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用用户户模模式式提提示示wg_ro_c路由器启动时在控制台上的输出内容控控制制台台Setup:初始配置对话框 Router#setup -System Configuration Dialog-Continue with
5、configuration dialog?yes/no:yAt any point you may enter a question mark?for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets.Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system,extended setup will ask youto configu
6、re each interface on the systemWould you like to enter basic management setup?yes/no:n设置全局参数初始化全局参数Configuring global parameters:Enter host name Router:wg_ro_c The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes.This password,after entered,becomes encryp
7、ted in the configuration.Enter enable secret:cisco The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password,with some older software versions,and some boot images.Enter enable password:sanfran The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network i
8、nterface.Enter virtual terminal password:sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management?no:设置脚本的确认与应用The following configuration command script was created:hostname Routerenable secret 5$1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-server!no appletalk routingno
9、decnet routingip routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routingno apollo routingisdn switch-type basic-5essinterface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethernet0no shutdownip address 10.1.1.31 255.255.255.0no mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip addressend0 Go to the IOS c
10、ommand prompt without saving this config.1 Return back to the setup without saving this config.2 Save this configuration to nvram and exit.Enter your selection 2:Consolewg_ro_cwg_ro_cenablewg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#disablewg_ro_cwg_ro_clogoutwg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用用户户模模式式提提示
11、示特特权权模模式式提提示示登入路由器 只要所输命令串在全部命令中是唯一的，可以将一个命令尽可能地简写，路由器在用户模式下的命令清单wg_ro_c?Exec commands:access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Tu
12、rn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC-More
13、-wg_ro_c#?Exec commands:access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock config
14、ure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions(see also undebug)delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on p
15、rivileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system-More-路由器在特权模式下的命令清单只要输入部分命令串(唯一表示某个命令)，紧接着按tab键就可以完整地输入一个命令show version 命令wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS(tm)2500 Software(C2500-JS-L),Version 12.0
16、(3),RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)Copyright(c)1986-1999 by cisco Systems,Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base:0 x03050C84,data-base:0 x00001000ROM:System Bootstrap,Version 11.0(10c),SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH:3000 Bootstrap Software(IGS-BOOT-R),Version 11.0(10c),RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_a upt
17、ime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin(output omitted)-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102查看配置情况控控制制台台IOSSetup utilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-config将配置参数保存到NVRAM中ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMshow running 和 show startup 命令wg_ro_c#show startup-config
18、Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!-More-wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!version 12.0!-More-保保存存在在NVRAM中中保保存存在在RAM中中显示当前运行的和保存的配置情况路由器模式一览Router(config)#RouterenableRouter#config termExitCtrl-Z(end)用户模式特权模式全局配置模式配配置置模模式式模模式式提提示示InterfaceRouter(config-
19、if)#SubinterfaceRouter(config-subif)#Controller Router(config-controller)#LineRouter(config-line)#RouterRouter(config-router)#IPX router Router(config-ipx-router)#保存配置wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?Building configurationwg_ro_c#将当前运行的配置复制到NVRAM中
20、配置路由器的各种标识为路由器或其端口设置标识或信息路路由由器器名名Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#开开机机时时的的固固定定显显示示信信息息wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd#Accounting Department You have entered a secured system.Authorized access only!#配置路由器的各种标识为路由器或其端口设置标识或信息路路由由器器名名Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#开开机机时时的的固固定定
21、显显示示信信息息wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd#Accounting Department You have entered a secured system.Authorized access only!#端端口口描描述述wg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c(config-if)#description Engineering LAN,Bldg.18Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cis
22、co控控制制台台密密码码虚虚拟拟终终端端密密码码Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose路由器密码配置Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco控控制制台台密密码码虚虚拟拟终终端端密密码码Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-lin
23、e)#password sanjose特特权权模模式式明明文文密密码码Router(config)#enable password cisco特特权权模模式式加加密密密密码码Router(config)#enable secret sanfran路由器密码配置其它控制台命令Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous禁禁止止控控制制台台会会话话自自动动退退出出重重显显被被打
24、打乱乱的的控控制制台台输输入入Router(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#端口配置type 包包括括 serial,ethernet,token ring,fddi,hssi,loopback,dialer,null,async,atm,bri,and tunnelnumber 用用来来识识别别具具体体的的单单个个端端口口Router(config-if)#exit从从当当前前端端口口配配置置模模式式退退出出Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)#模模块块化
25、化端端口口的的表表示示法法配置串d口进入全局配置模式Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#指指定定某某个个端端口口配置串口进入全局配置模式Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#指指定定某某个个端端口口设设置置时时钟钟频频
26、率率(只只在在DCE端端)Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up,line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 10.140.4.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes,BW 64 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC,loopback not set,keepalive set(10 sec)Last input 00:00:09,output 00:00:04,output hang
27、 never Last clearing of show interface counters never Input queue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Total output drops:0 Queueing strategy:weighted fair Output queue:0/1000/64/0(size/max total/threshold/drops)Conversations 0/1/256(active/max active/max total)Reserved Conversations 0/0(allocated/max allocated)5
28、 minute input rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec(output omitted)确认参数修改情况开启或关闭端口Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN:Interface Seria0,changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:Line Protocol on Interfac
29、e Serial0,changed state to up 开开启启已已经经关关闭闭的的端端口口Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:Interface Serial0,changed state to administratively down%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:Line protocol on Interface Serial0,changed state to down 人人工工关关闭闭端端口口路由器的 show
30、interfaces 命令Router#show interfacesEthernet0 is up,line protocol is up Hardware is Lance,address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f(bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f)Internet address is 10.1.1.11/24 MTU 1500 bytes,BW 10000 Kbit,DLY 1000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA,loopback not set,keepalive set(10 sec)ARP type:
31、ARPA,ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:07,output 00:00:08,output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Queueing strategy:fifo Output queue 0/40,0 drops;input queue 0/75,0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec 81833 pa
32、ckets input,27556491 bytes,0 no buffer Received 42308 broadcasts,0 runts,0 giants,0 throttles 1 input errors,0 CRC,0 frame,0 overrun,1 ignored,0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 55794 packets output,3929696 bytes,0 underruns 0 output errors,0 collisions,1 interface resets 0 babb
33、les,0 late collision,4 deferred 0 lost carrier,0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures,0 output buffers swapped outRouter#show interfaces serial 1Serial1 is up,line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Description:64Kb Line to San Jose :Operational.Connection problem.Interface problem.Disabled.Serial1 i
34、s up,line protocol is upSerial1 is up,line protocol is downSerial1 is down,line protocol is downSerial1 is administratively down,line protocol is down存存活活信信息息载载波波监监测测解读端口状态串口上用 show controller 命令Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0,idb=0 x121C04,driver structure at 0 x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0,V.35 DTE cable.显显示示串串口口线线的的线线缆缆类类型型通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容:开启交换机和路由器并观察其启动过程注意交换机的出厂初始配置情况，完成路由器的初始参数配置在网络设备上进入并辨识不同的命令模式在不同的用户界面下应用各种帮助和命令行编辑功能查看并确认并于各网络设备的基本信息本章总结问题回顾1.交换机开机自检时出现什么现象?通过什么办法来确定出现了什么问题?2.路由器在什么情况下和怎样用到Setup配置模式?3.运行Cisco IOS软件的设备在特权模式下提示符是怎样的?4.列出在交换机和路由器上的Cisco IOS软件的所能提供的帮助机制内容.