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1、-1-题型专项突破题型专项突破-Unit5 阅读理解（人物篇）阅读理解（人物篇）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节,满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分,满分 30 分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1(2016新课标 I 卷)You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the mo
2、st important woman of the past 100 years？Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In
3、 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on hu
4、mans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and,in 1981,the first woman to join the U.S.
5、Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomer
6、y bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,”said Parks.-2-(1)What is Jane Addams noted for in history？A.Her social work.B.Her lack of proper training in law.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background
7、.(2)What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm？A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.(3)Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US？A.Jane Addams.B.Rac
8、hel Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor.D.Rosa Parks.(4)What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text？A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.2 When Steve Jobs was born on February 24,1955,in San Francisco,California,his unmarried mother dec
9、ided to put him for adoption because she wanted a girl.So in the middle of the night,his mother called a lawyer named Paul Jobs and said,“We have an unexpected baby boy;do you want him？”But his mother told his future parents to promise that they would send Jobs to college.After Steve Jobs graduated
10、from high school,he went to college but decided to drop out because it was so expensive that he had to sleep on the floor in his friends rooms.At 20,he and a friend(Steve Wozniak)started a company in a garage on April 1,1976.Jobs named their companyApple in memory of a happy summer he had spent at a
11、n orchard(果园)in Oregon.After 10 years of hard time and failures,starting from two kids working in a garage,Apple computer eventually grew into a big company with over 4000 employees.At 30,-3-Jobs,however,was fired from the company he co-founded.But after he had to leave the company,Apple was under h
12、eavy pressure from rival(对手)Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses.Apple needed Steve Jobs and he was appointed as Apples CEO in1997.Under his leadership,Apple returned to profitability and introduced new products such as the iPod,the iPhone and the iPod.Steve Jobs once said,“Som
13、etimes life hits you in the head with a brick.Dont lose faith.Im convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.Youve got to find what you love.If you havent found it yet,keep looking.(1)Steve Jobs didnt finish his college education because he _.A.wanted to start a comp
14、any.B.had financial problems.C.took no interest in his major.D.hated to share rooms with his friends.(2)It can be inferred that Apple _.A.was founded in Oregon B.developed from a garage C.had a difficult beginning D.had a successful beginning(3)What can we learn from what Steve Jobs said?A.Interest
15、is key to success.B.Hope helps us succeed.C.Attitude is everything.D.Courage goes with confidence.3 His first successful fight was for the equal rights of black people in South Africa.Then,as the first black president,he fought to unite the country and organize the government.Now Nelson Mandela has
16、set his sights on a new enemy,AIDS.On March 19 the former president,hosted his second AIDS-awareness concert.He warned that 25 million people in Africa were already infected with the fatal disease.Mandela was born in a small village in South Africa in 1918.He was adopted by the chief of his tribe an
17、d could have been a chief himself and lived a happy country life.But he refused to be a chief when his people lived under racial discrimination(歧-4-视).He decided to fight for equal rights for all the people in South Africa.Before 1990,under the countrys Racial Segregation Law,coloured people and whi
18、te people lived separately.Black people were treated unfairly even when taking a bus.Blacks had to stand at the back of the bus to make room for white people even when there were only a few of them on board.For his opposition to the system,Mandela was arrested and spent 27 years in prison.He was fre
19、ed in 1990 and became the president of the country after the first election was held in which everyone could vote.Mandela was not only a political fighter who attacked with speeches.He was also a trained boxer and fought in the ring when he was young.“Although I did not enjoy the violence of boxing,
20、I was interested in how one moved ones body to protect oneself,how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat,”he wrote in his autobiography.As a skillful fighter,he chose music as his weapon against AIDS.He hopes to win another victory against AIDS.(1)When was Mandela arrested?A.In 1963.B.In 19
21、90.C.When he refused to be a chief.D.When he became the president.(2)Nelson Mandela succeeded in doing the following EXCEPT _.A.winning the equal rights for the black people in South Africa B.uniting South Africa C.organizing a government in South Africa D.controlling the spread of AIDS(3)If Nelson
22、Mandela hadnt fought against racial discrimination,he _.A.could have been the president of South Africa B.could still have lived a happy life C.could have been in a difficult situation D.would have been an excellent boxer(4)Which of the following statements can best describe the life of Nelson Mande
23、la?A.Struggle is his life.B.Sports make his fame.-5-C.Fight for equal rights.D.A great fighter against the government.4 James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves.His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9.There,a school teacher asked the youth his name.“J.C,”he
24、replied.She thought he had said“Jesse”,and he had a new name.Owens ran his first race at age 13,After high school,he went to Ohio State University.He had to work part time so as to pay for his education.As a second year student,in the Big Ten games in 1935,he set even more records than he would in t
25、he Olympic Games a year later.A week before the Big Ten meet,Owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs.His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week,and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet.He refused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and
26、said he would try.He did try,and the results are in the record book.The stage was set for Owens victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year,and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic but also political.Hitler did not congratulate any of the African American winners.“It w
27、as all right with me,”he said years later.“I didnt go to Berlin to shake hands with him,anyway.”Having returned from Berlin,he received no telephone calls from the president of his own country,either.In fact,he was not honored by the United States until 1976,four years before his death.Owens Olympic
28、 victories made little difference to him.He earned his living by looking after a school playground,and accepted money to race against cars,trucks,motorcycles and dogs.“Sure,it bothered me,”he said later.“But at least it was an honest living.I had to eat.”In time,however,his gold medals changed his l
29、ife.“They have kept me alive over the years,”he once said.“Time has stood still for me.That golden moment dies hard.”-6-(1)Owens got his other name“Jesse”when_.A.he went to Ohio State University B.his teacher made fun of him C.his teacher took“J.C”for“Jesse”D.he won gold medals in the Big Ten meet(2
30、)In the Big Ten meet,Owens_.A.hurt himself in the back B.succeeded in setting many records C.tried every sports event but failed D.had to give up some events(3)We can infer from the text that Owens was treated unfairly in the US at that time because_.A.he was not of the right race B.he was the son o
31、f a poor farmer C.he didnt shake hands with Hitler D.he didnt talk to the US president on the phone(4)When Owens says“They have kept me alive over the years.”,he means that the medals _.A.have been changed for money to help him live on B.have made him famous in the US C.have encouraged him to overco
32、me difficulties in life D.have kept him busy with all kinds of jobs(5)What would be the best title for the text?A.Jesse Owens,a great American athlete B.Golden momenta lifetime struggle C.Making a living as a sportsman 二、（共 5 小题,每小题 2 分,满分 10 分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。How to find ti
33、me for yourself-7-Do you ever find yourself longing for some time for yourself?Many of us are so busy with work,school,and home life that often there is no time left over to do something that you enjoy.What follows are some ways to carve out that essential time you need to slow down,enjoy life.1._ T
34、his is a great one because youre accomplishing many things at once.Youre getting exercise,you have time to think or enjoy music,and youre helping to save the environment.Arrive early.2._ Then use this time for yourself:reading,writing,relaxation,thinking,whatever.Buy tickets in advance.Sports,theate
35、r,concerts,or any other event you would enjoy.Schedule the plans with a friend later.3._ Evenings with yourself.4._ If others ask you to do things those nights,just tell them you have plans.Use the time for gardening,reading,exercise,or doing nothing!5._ What are you interested in?Strike while the i
36、ron is hot.Look up a club in your area today and join!If you cant find a club,consider starting one yourself!A.Join a group.B.Walk to work.C.Take an education class.D.Try to save certain weeknights just for you.E.If you want more time for yourself,you can get it.www.21-cn- F.Any appointment that you
37、 have,plan to arrive 15-30 minutes early.G.Having the tickets already in your hand will force you to make it happen!D.How to be a successful athlete -8-参考答案：1.答案：(1)-(4)ACDC 解析：文章大意：本文介绍了几位著名的女性。(1)细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知,她是一位社会工作者,而且获得诺贝尔和平奖,故选 A。(2)细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“.she could not find work at a law firm be
38、cause she was a woman.”可知,她因为是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用,原因在于对女性的歧视故选 C。(3)细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中“.and kicked off the civil-rights movement”可知,Rosa Parks 对民权运动做出了贡献。故选 D。(4)推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize”；第三段第一句“If it werent for Rachel Carson,the environment movement
39、might not exist today”；第四段第二句“.the first woman to join the U.S Supreme Court”；最后一段第三句“.kicked off the civil-rights movement”,可知,这四位女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故 C 正确。2.答案：(1)-(3)BBA 解析：文章大意：文章介绍乔布斯的家庭生活,学业情况和如何创办苹果公司的。通过 Steve Jobs 说的话,可知兴趣是成功的关键。(1)细节理解题。从第一段的句子：he went to college but decided to drop out
40、because it was so expensive that he had to sleep on the floor in his friends rooms.可知乔布斯没有完成大学学业主要是因为他的经济问题,选 B。(2)细节理解题。从第三段的句子：After 10 years of hard time and failures,starting from two kids working in a garage,Apple computer eventually grew into a big company with over 4000 employees.可知苹果公司是由一个汽修
41、厂发展而来的。选 B。(3)细节理解题。从最后一段的句子：Im convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.可知兴趣是成功的关键,选 A。3.答案：(1)-(4)ADBA-9-解析：文章大意：本文是一篇人物传记。主要介绍了曼德拉的一些事迹。(1)细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的.Mandela was arrested and spent 27 years in prison.He was freed in 199(0.).可知正确答案为 A。(2)细节理解题。根据文章第一段可排除 A、
42、B、C 三项。根据最后一段 He hopes to win another victory against AIDS.可知选 D。(3)细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的.have been a chief himself and lived a happy country life.可知 B 项为正确选项。(4)推理判断题。根据全文可知曼德拉的一生充满了奋斗。4.答案：(1)-(5)CBACA 解析：(1)由文中第三段可知。(2)由第四段最后一句话“.he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later.”可知。(3)从文章中可以推断是种族歧视的原因。(4)由倒数第三段和倒数第二段可知,金牌没给 Owens 带来任何物质上的好处,因此只能是精神上的鼓励。(5)整篇文章都是讲这位著名的运动员。二、答案：15 BFGDA -10-版权所有：高考资源网()