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1、 外国语学院成人教育英语教育特色专业建设教学指导书高级听力课程教学指导书朱晓 编写淮阴师范学院外国语学院二0一二年九月目录前言3Unit 1 World News: Up in Space4Unit 2 World News: International Relations13Unit 3 World News: Economic Developments19Unit 4 World News: Earth and Environment27Unit 5 Health and Medicine34Unit 6 Science and Technology43Unit 7 Communicati
2、ons (I)49Unit 8 Communications (II)57Unit 9 Architecture63Unit 10 Tourism72Unit 11 Transportation (I)78Unit 12 Transportation (II)86前言英语听力课是英语专业的基础必修课。它的主要目的是通过严格、专门系统的训练，培养学生听音会意、辨别音素、归纳大意、掌握细节、推敲含义的能力，侧重于学生对所听内容主要信息把握的技能训练，同时介绍一些听力的理论知识，引导学生的课外自我训练。通过本课程的学习，促进学生听力发展，帮助学生充分掌握听力技巧，为培养学生全面的英语交际及学习能力和
3、提高英语语感奠定良好的听力基础，同时为其它课程的学习奠定基础。要求学生在自学本课程后，1、能听懂比较通俗的、难度中等的音像资料，其程度相当于学过的文字资料。能听懂英语国家人士的日常生活交谈和一般性内容的讲话。2、能听懂外籍教师及专家有关教育、语言、文化和科普等方面的学术讲座以及他们在进行学术交流、讲座和讨论时的发言。3、能大体辨别各种英语变体（如美国英语、英国英语）。4、能听懂我国电台、电视台播送的对外英语新闻广播以及比较通俗的短评和文教科普内容的专题节目。 5、能听懂外台的特别英语节目，如VOA和BBC正常语速新闻节目。6、能在15分钟内听写根据已学知识选用的听力材料（词数150个左右，语速
4、每分钟100个单词），错误率不超过10%。以上“听懂”的具体要求是：1）能理解全文中心思想；2）能抓住主要论据和主要内容；3）根据所听材料进行推理与判断；4）辨别说话人所持的态度和语气等。 本课程采用Step By Step 2000作为教材，辅助教材为Listen To This:1&2，大学英语四级考试听力部分，VOA慢速新闻广播等。课外练习可选用英语专业1、2、3、4级水平测试习题集、走遍美国、讲座录音、VOA特别英语教学节目、BBC、ABC、CNN等有关科技、文化、卫生、体育、时事等相关媒体简单报道、英语歌曲以及英语电影剪辑录音等听力材料。在自学过程中，1、精听和泛听相结合，课时安排内
5、以精听为主，辅之以课外大量泛听；笔头练习与口头练习相结合，以笔头练习为主。2、精听要求听懂每个句字，理解一些细节，并能辩识说话人的态度和语气。3、泛听以听懂主要内容和会做习题为主，不要求字字听懂。4、在听的过程中，培养学生作笔记的习惯。要求学生会缩写、记录主要意思和有关的论点或细节。Unit 1 World News: Up in Space学习目的和要求：了解我国航空航天事业的相关发展情况；尽可能熟悉并掌握与航天航空有关的词汇、有关组织机构的缩写，如ISS，NASA等；进一步加强新闻听力的训练，熟悉新闻播报的惯常流程以及常用词汇等。本章内容:Part I Warming up 1. U.S.
6、 space shuttle Endeavor has docked with the International Space Station, bearing a gift of energy. The five-man shuttle team arrived to add a set of giant solar power panels to Unity to provide electricity for science experiments that will begin soon after the U.S. laboratory arrives next month.2. T
7、he International Space Station finally has a living room and a command center. The Russian Zvezda module docked earlier today with the fledgling outpost, which is being assembled in space. After a checkout period, it will be ready for the first crew to live in later this year. 3. The U.S. Space Agen
8、cy NASA has declared its Pathfinder spacecraft mission to Mars a 100 percent success. This week the Pathfinder completed its 30-day planned mission on Mars. A U.S. space official says this spacecraft has fulfilled all its objectives. 4. The United States Space Agency NASA says its given up any real
9、hope of reviving its space probe on Mars. The spacecraft Pathfinder made its last transmission of scientific data from the surface of Mars at the end of September, 83 days after landing. 5. The U. S. Galileo spacecraft is heading for another passbyJupiters fiery moon IO Thursday to get a closer look
10、 at the most volcanic body in our solar system. A pass just 600 kilometers away last month has provided a better understanding of just how active it is. 6. It could be a mission-impossible-type assignment for the crew of the space shuttle Atlantis. Theyve got the daunting task of delivering NASAs $1
11、.4 billion space lab Destiny to the International Space Station. If they pull it off, the 15-ton lab will put NASAs flight controllers in charge. Until now Russian controllers have directed operations at the station. 7. Astronauts on the U. S. space shuttle Columbia have conducted experiments to con
12、firm a theory that particles in space tend to attract each other and form dust clouds. 8. The U.S. space shuttle Endeavor is preparing to return home in triumph after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope. The Endeavors scheduled to land Monday at the Kennedy Space Center on Floridas Atlantic c
13、oast, returning to the site where the mission began eleven days ago. 9. The U.S. space shuttle Columbia has returned to Earth after an abbreviated stay in space because of a mechanical problem. The Space Agency ordered the shuttle back to Earth after one of the three power generators failed Sunday.
14、The generators called fuel cells provide all of shuttles electrical power, and NASA safety rules require the space ship to return to Earth if any fuel cell fails. 10. Discovery is playing chase with the Hubble Space Telescope right now. The shuttle launch was nearly perfect according to mission mana
15、gers, and the crew of seven astronauts is setting up housekeeping and recovering from the effects of weightlessness. Part II News reports A. Of all the U.S. and Russian spacecraft that have traveled to Mars since the 1960s, the Polar Lander is to be the first to touch down near the planets south pol
16、e. The Lander and a companion orbiting craft called the Mars Climate Orbiter, launched in December, are the second installment of a 12-year NASA program (began in 1996) to unlock the secrets of Earths red neighbor. The first installment the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter and the Pathfinder Lander - ar
17、rived in 1997, with Pathfinders robotic rover collecting and analyzing rocks on a desert about half a world away from the polar landing site. The Lander is to touch down just above the northern-most edge of the south polar ice cap, believed to be a mixture of water and carbon dioxide. It will use re
18、trorockets to slow its descent. Once on the ground it will employ a robotic arm resembling a childs toy construction shovel to dig in search of subsurface water. Together with the newest orbiter now on its way to Mars, the Lander will also measure the distribution of water vapor, dust and condensate
19、s in the Martian atmosphere. While the Polar Lander descends next December, it is to release two speeding probes, each smaller than a basketball. These rugged instruments are to crash at about 640 kilometers per hour and bury themselves into the Martian surface about 100 kilometers away from the Lan
20、ders touch-down point. They, too, will be inspecting for subsurface water. The grand finale of this series of Mars probes is tentatively set for launch in 2005. It would return soil and rock samples to Earth three years later. B. Space Agency NASA forced an ailing observatory to fall from orbit and
21、crash into the Pacific Ocean on Sunday. NASA engineers picked a remote spot to avoid deaths and injuries from the falling debris. NASA says the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory has made a fiery plunge through the atmosphere into an isolated area of the Pacific. Most of the nine-year-old satellite was t
22、o have burned up in the dive, but about six tons of hot metal were expected to have showered onto an isolated area about four thousand kilometers southeast of Hawaii. NASA had estimated that the debris would scatter over a long, narrow path 41 hundred kilometers long and 26 kilometers wide. The deli
23、berate crash came after Goddard Space Flight Center technicians directed the observatory early Sunday to fire its thrusters twice to dive into the atmosphere. NASA felt this was necessary because one of the Comptons three stabilizing gyroscopes had failed in December. The Space Agency decided to bri
24、ng the 16-metric-ton satellite back now in a controlled manner to prevent possible further system failures from causing it to drop on a populated area. The Comptons path took it over many populated areas, including Mexico City, Bangkok, and Miami. Compton exceeded its original five-year missionbyfou
25、r years, resulting in about two thousand scientific papers. The observatory changed astronomers view of the heavens after showing that the entire universe is bathed in the invisible gamma rays, the highest energy form of light. It discovered hundreds of previously unknown sources of gamma rays, some
26、 streaming from black holes, exploding stars, and the sun.Questions: 1. How old is the Compton? 2. How heavy is the Compton? 3. How many tons of hot metal were expected to plunge into the Pacific? 4. What is the place that has been chosen for the crash of the Compton? 5. How big is the path that the
27、 debris of the Compton would scatter over? 6. Why is it necessary to force the Compton to fall from its orbit? 7. Whats the significance of the Compton? C. Astronomers in the United States say they have detected organic molecules on the moons of the planet Jupiter which could indicate the conditions
28、 are right there for some form of life to have evolved. After studying the latest findings sent backbythe space probe Galileo, the scientists say they have found chemical signals showing that there are organic molecules on the moons containing carbon and nitrogen. For the past 15 months, the Galileo
29、 spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter studying four of its moons. Photographs of one of them, Ganymede, shows a wrinkled surface pockmarked with impacts from asteroids and comets. But now both on Ganymede and the second moon, Callisto, scientists have detected chemical signals showing there are orga
30、nic molecules there containing carbon and nitrogen, essential ingredients for life. There is also evidence of water ice there. And on the third moon, Europa, there are deep oceans. There are other possible explanations for the presence of organic molecules on Jupiters moons. Violent thunderstorms, f
31、or example, may produce them. But after the discovery of possible micro fossils on Mars last year, the new evidence raises the stakes. Dr Simon Milton from Cambridge University was at the meeting in America where the results were announced. Almost wherever we look in the solar system today with our
32、spacecraft, its almost like going and looking at different restaurants. It seems that there are many places where there is interesting kind of organic soup on the menu, which could have the right conditions for pre-biology, the beginnings of life, or even the existence of life. Galileo took six year
33、s to reach Jupiter and practically broke down on the way. But even though its crippled, its results have been better than scientists have dared to hope. Part III Chinas space and aeronautics industryA. In our top story today, President Jiang Zemin, Vice President Hu Jintao, and other top leaders, th
34、is afternoon went to Beijings space center to see the module of the returned unmanned spacecraft which completed its first test flight recently. A ceremony was held this morning, to celebrate the opening of the module. It was transported back to Beijing from Inner Mongolia yesterday. President Jiang
35、 Zemin was briefed on the experimental process of the flight of the spacecraft. He said hes satisfied with the result of the experimental flight. Jiang Zemin pointed out that the success of the experimental flight is a milestone in Chinas space and aeronautic development and has special significance
36、 in the technological breakthrough of manned space flights. He said it is also an inspiration for all Chinese people. The President called on scientists and engineers to fully study and analyze the experimental results so as to map out a development plan to expand the options for Chinas peaceful use
37、 of space. Earlier in the day, officials from Chinas space and aeronautics industry, along with researchers and manufacturers of the spacecraft, held a ceremony to mark the safe return of the spacecraft and opened its module. Though the module did not carry any astronauts, it did have a payload. The
38、 staff took out national flags, the flags of the Macau Special Administrative Region, and a banner with all the signatures of the scientists and engineers who participated in the construction of the spacecraft. The items will be presented as giftsbythe staff of the space and aeronautics industry. Th
39、e spacecraft voyage is successful and the module returns accurately and safely. However, we shall conduct more studies on concrete technical data such as temperature and humidity recordedbythe module. It will provide us with more data to manufacture the manned spacecraft. Xu Fuxiang, the President o
40、f Chinas Space Technological Research Institute, said that the successful flight of the unmanned spacecraft proves that the level of Chinas space and aeronautics industry is among the most advanced in the world. It will inspire more young Chinese scientists to work in the industry. B. China says its
41、 successfully put a second unmanned spacecraft into orbit. Its expected to re-enter the earths atmosphere over Inner Mongolia in a few days time. The launch is part of ambitious, long-term plansby the Chinese authorities which ultimately include hopes of building a space station. The official Chines
42、e news agency said the countrys second unmanned experimental spacecraft, Shenzhou II , was successfully launched in the early hours of Wednesday morning from a rocket center in Gansu Province in northwest China. Its part of a series of tests the Chinese are carrying out before pushing ahead with a m
43、anned space mission sometime in the future. The first test flight to the unmanned module took place in November 1999, when it orbited the earth 14 times before finally landing in Inner Mongolia, 21 hours later. The Chinese news agency says this mission will last for a few days. And several technical
44、 improvements have been made to the craft. China began its manned space program in 1992, and officials have expressed the hope that one day theyll ultimately launch a space station and put astronauts on the moon. Questions: 1. When and where was Shenzhou II launched? 2. When and where will Shenzhou
45、Il re-enter the earths atmosphere? 3. What is Chinas long-term ambition? 4. When did the first test flight to the unmanned module take place? 5. How many times did it orbit the earth? 6. How many hours did it stay in the orbit? 7. Where did it land? 8. How long will Shenzhou Ils mission last? 9. Whe
46、n did China begin its manned space program? Part IV Mir-Russias space gloryA. Mir means peace in Russian. The station had a core block of living quarters and six docking ports for supply ships. Mir was builtbythe Soviet Union, which is now Russia. It cost $4.2 billion to build and maintain it. Scien
47、tists spent ten years building it, from 1986 to 1996. It weighs 135 tons and has a volume of 9,900 cubic feet. It is 63 feet wide and 85 feet long. Mir hosted 104 cosmonauts, astronauts, and visitors. Forty-six flights were made to Mir. Cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the record for the longest stay
48、 in orbit, which is 438 days. And cosmonaut Sergei Avdeyev totaled 747 days between his three separate missions to Mir, which is the longest total for any human staying in space. The Mir Space Station has been sailing through space for 15 years. But Mir doesnt work very well any longer, and its orbit is failing. It has been replacedbythe new International Space Station, where the U. S. A., Russia and many other countries work together. So Russia is going to bring Mir down into the ocean. They will be careful that none o