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1、 江苏省南京市2020-2021学年第一学期高二期中试卷 英语试题 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A EReader IQ Daily free e-books are the main feature on this site, and there are some fantastic titles to choose from, including a large number of childrens books and young adult
2、novels. The format is unique to Kindle though,so unless you have a conversion(转换)program, you might be out of luck if youre using a different e-reader. Ereader Love The majority of books on this site are in the science fiction and romance styles, but there are some jewels to be found in the other se
3、ctions as well. Young adult readers may find some unique stories to dive into, and there are a few hundred mystery and horror novels to read through too. Project Gutenberg This site deals only with older books such as classic novels and reference materials, and are free in the United States because
4、their copyright has been out of date.Gutenberg has over 42, 000 free e-books available, so any book lovers will have plenty of materials to refer to. Scribd. com A great site for self-published authors, Scribd gives people the opportunity to upload their own work, and download books by other authors
5、. Theres a small catch: not all the books are free.You can read free short pieces of some novels and then purchase with a little money, but there are many impressive titles available for no charge whatsoever. 1. What can we learn from the passage? A. E-books on EReader IQ are free of charge. B. Up-t
6、o-date novels can be found in Project Gutenberg. C. Scribd. com is for famous writers to upload their work. D. Mystery and horror novels are in the majority on Ereader Love. 2. On which website can you probably find The Time Machine by H.G. Wells? A. EReader IQ B. Ereader Love C. Project Gutenberg D
7、. S 3. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To stress the importance of e-reading. B. To compare the advantages of e-book websites. C. To introduce searching techniques for e-reading. D. To recommend some online resources of e-books. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 【解析】 本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述的是四个供读者下载不同类型书籍的网站。 【1题详解】
8、 细节理解题。根据小标题EReader IQ下的“Daily free e-books are the main feature on this site”（每天免费的电子书是这个网站的主要特色。）可知，这个网站上的图书是免费的。故答案为A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Ereader Love下的“The majority of books on this site are in the science fiction and romance styles” （这个网站上的大部分书籍都是科幻小说和爱情小说风格的。）可知，该网站的大部分书籍都是科幻和爱情小说。“The Time Mac
9、hine by H.G. Wells” 威尔斯的时间机器是属于科幻类的书籍。故在“Ereader Love”可以找到。故答案为B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据小标题EReader IQ中“Daily free e-books are the main feature on this site,”（免费的电子书是这个网站的主要特色）；以及小标题Ereader Love中“The majority of books on this site are in the science fiction and romance styles,but there are some jewels to be
10、 found in the other sections as well.” （这个网站上的大部分书籍都是科幻小说和爱情小说风格的，但也有一些珍宝可以在其他部分找到）；小标题Project Gutenberg中“This site deals only with older books such as classic novels and reference materials” （这个网站只出售旧书，如经典小说和参考资料）和小标题S中“A great site for self-published authors,Scribd gives people the opportunity to
11、upload their own work,and download books by other authors. ”（ Scribd是一个很棒的作者自助出版的网站，它让人们有机会上传自己的作品，并下载其他作者的书籍。）可知，本文主要目的是推荐四个可以下载不同类型书籍的网站。故答案为D。 B Suck in capital city traffic with no clear way to avoid the cars around is, an Oklahoma ambulance was at the mercy of is surrounding rush-hour drivers a
12、s I tried to make its way to a series of emergency calls on Saturday-one involving a young girl with cancer, who had traveled all the way from London for her treatment. That was until a certain 6-foot-9-inch do-gooder drove his car through the lanes and skillfully placed it so that the ambulance wou
13、ld be freed from the web of vehicles: Kevin Durant, a famous NBA player. “All of a sudden, I see a silver sports car making way for us to get through and guide all the Traffic,” Radford, a, doctor on the ambulance, said. “Once we actually get through all the traffic, this silver car comes over to th
14、e side and the driver waves to us.” According to Radford, Durant s kindness led the doctors to make it to their second emergency call on time, too, enabling that young girl with cancer to get to her treatment safe and sound, For his part, Durant shied away from being regarded as a hero for his actio
15、ns, saying what he did was entirely ordinary. “I just thought it was SO cool that someone like Durant would take the time to assist an ambulance getting to an emergency call,” Radford said. Everything he did was amazing; Durant is the hometown hero.” For his heroism, Durant will be honored by the Ok
16、lahoma Emergency Medical Services Authority (OEMSA) as an “Everyday Hero”, an award thats given out four times a year. “Durant s actions are exactly how we think citizens should help doctors reach their calls for emergencies. He is a great example of doing ones part to help those in need, and he han
17、dled it with such modesty,” an OEMSA representative said. 4. Kevin was regarded as a hero mainly because . A. he answered emergency calls for doctors B. he cured a young girl from London of cancer C. he guided an ambulance through rush-hour traffic D he solved the problem of traffic jam in Oklahoma
18、5. What do we know about Oklahoma from the passage? A. It is widely known for heavy traffic.B. It has poor emergency medical services. C. It has the best cancer experts in the world.D. It gives Everyday Hero award to citizens. 6. Which words can best describe Durant? A. Warm-hearted and modest.B. Qu
19、ick-minded and careful. C. Athletic and intelligent.D. Merciful and reliable. 7. Which might be the best title for the passage? A. Better City, Faster ServiceB. Big Boy, Small Kindness C. Larger City, Heavier TrafficD. Ordinary Girl, Good Luck 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了NBA球员凯文杜兰特在繁忙的
20、交通中为一辆救护车开道，使得一个女孩能够及时接受救治。事后，杜兰特又非常低调谦虚，被评为了“每日英雄”。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Suck in capital city traffic with no clear way to avoid the cars around is, an Oklahoma ambulance was at the mercy of is surrounding rush-hour drivers(由于没有明确的道路可以避开周围的车辆，俄克拉荷马州的一辆救护车在高峰时段被周围的司机困住了)”以及第二段“That was until a certai
21、n 6-foot-9-inch do-gooder drove his car through the lanes and skillfully placed it so that the ambulance would be freed from the web of vehicles: Kevin Durant, a famous NBA player.( 直到一个6英尺9英寸高的慈善家开着车穿过车道，巧妙地引导救护车从车流中开了出来，他就是著名的NBA球员凯文杜兰特)”可知，凯文被视为英雄，主要是因为他在高峰时段的交通中引导一辆救护车。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“
22、For his heroism, Durant will be honored by the Oklahoma Emergency Medical Services Authority (OEMSA) as an Everyday Hero, an award thats given out four times a year.(由于他的英雄举动，杜兰特将被俄克拉荷马紧急医疗服务管理局授予“每日英雄”称号，该奖项一年颁发四次)”可知，Oklahoma 会给自己的居民评“每日英雄”奖。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“That was until a certain 6-foot-
23、9-inch do-gooder drove his car through the lanes and skillfully placed it so that the ambulance would be freed from the web of vehicles: Kevin Durant, a famous NBA player.( 直到一个6英尺9英寸高的慈善家开着车穿过车道，巧妙地引导救护车从车流中开了出来，他就是著名的NBA球员凯文杜兰特)”以及最后一段中“He is a great example of doing ones part to help those in nee
24、d, and he handled it with such modesty(他是尽自己的力量去帮助那些需要帮助的人的一个很好的例子，而且他处理得很谦虚)”可推知，杜兰特主动帮助他人，是个热心的人，帮助别人后又非常低调，可知他很谦虚，故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“That was until a certain 6-foot-9-inch do-gooder drove his car through the lanes and skillfully placed it so that the ambulance would be freed from the web of
25、vehicles: Kevin Durant, a famous NBA player.( 直到一个6英尺9英寸高的慈善家开着车穿过车道，巧妙地引导救护车从车流中开了出来，他就是著名的NBA球员凯文杜兰特)”结合主要记叙了NBA球员凯文杜兰特在繁忙的交通中为一辆救护车开道，使得一个女孩能够及时接受救治。事后，杜兰特又非常低调谦虚，被评为了“每日英雄”。可知，B选项“身形高大，乐施善举”最符合文章标题。故选B。 C (Oct. 13th, 2020, Reuters) The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the N
26、obel Prize in Chemistry 2020 to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna “for the development of a method for gene editing”. Charpentier and Doudna have discovered one of gene technologys sharpest tools: the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors. Using these, researchers can easily change the DNA of ani
27、mals and plants. This technology has had a great impact on the life sciences. It is contributing to new cancer treatment and may make the dream of curing inherited diseases(遗传病)come true. Researchers need to modify genes in cells if they want to find out about lifes inner workings. This used to be d
28、ifficult and sometimes impossible. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors, it is now possible to change the code of life in a few weeks. The discovery of these genetic scissors was unexpected. During Charpentiers studies of Streptococcus pyogenes (酿脓链球菌),which cause the most harm to humans,she disco
29、vered a previously unknown molecule (分子), tracrRNA. It kills viruses by breaking their DNA. She started working with Doudna,an experienced biochemist in 2011. They then reprogrammed the genetic scissors. In their natural form, the scissors recognize DNA from viruses, but Charpentier and Doudna prove
30、 that they could be controlled so that they can cut any DNA molecule at a given site. Then it is easy to rewrite the code of life. Since Charpentier and Doudna discovered the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors in 2012, their use has exploded. This tool has contributed to many important discoveries in basi
31、c research, and plant researchers have been able to develop crops that can fight pests and drought.Clinical trials(临床试验)of new cancer treatments are under way, and the dream of being able to cure inherited diseases is about to come true. These genetic scissors have taken the life sciences into a new
32、 page and, in many ways,are bringing the greatest benefit to humans. 8. In which field is CRISPR/Cas9 mostly used? A. Life science. B. Tool design. C. Disaster prevention. D. Chemistry industry. 9. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Dealing with cancer. B. Modifying gen
33、es in cells. C. Curing inherited diseases. D. Discovering lifes inner workings. 10. How does CRISPR/Cas9 work? A. It kills harmful viruses. B. It damages human organs. C. It makes DNA copying easier. D. It cuts DNA molecule at a chosen spot. 11. The passage is a A. science fiction B. personal story
34、C. news report D. book review 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报导。本文主要阐述了两位科学家夏蓬迪埃和杜娜关于“基因剪刀（CRISPR/Cas9）”的发现。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Charpentier and Doudna have discovered one of gene technologys sharpest tools: the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors. Using these, researchers can easily change the DNA of
35、 animals and plants. This technology has had a great impact on the life sciences.(夏蓬迪埃和杜娜发现了基因技术最锐利的工具之一：CRISPR/Cas9基因剪刀。利用它们，研究人员可以很容易地改变动植物的DNA。这项技术对生命科学产生了巨大的影响)”可知，夏蓬迪埃和杜娜关于基因剪刀CRISPR/Cas9的发现，对生命科学产生了巨大的影响。可见，基因剪刀CRISPR/Cas9主要应用领域是生命科学。故选A项。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Researchers need to modify genes in
36、 cells if they want to find out about lifes inner workings Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors, it is now possible to change the code of life in a few weeks.(研究人员如果想了解生命的内部运作方式，就需要修改细胞中的基因使用CRISPR/Cas9基因剪刀，现在可以在几周内改变生命的密码)”可知，研究人员如果想了解生命的内部运作方式，就需要修改细胞中的基因，CRISPR/Cas9基因剪刀的发现，使得修改细胞基因成为可能。可推知，划线词“
37、This”所在句的意思为“修改细胞中的基因”。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“In their natural form, the scissors recognize DNA from viruses, but Charpentier and Doudna prove that they could be controlled so that they can cut any DNA molecule at a given site.(在它们的自然形态中，剪刀可以识别有病毒的DNA，但夏蓬迪埃和杜娜证明它们可以被控制，这样它们就可以在指定的位置切割任何DNA分子)”可知，
38、两位科学家夏蓬迪埃和杜娜已经证明了，基因剪刀能够在指定位置切割任何DNA分子。因此，基因剪刀CRISPR/Cas9是通过切割一个选定位置的DNA分子进行工作的。故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“（Oct. 13th, 2020, Reuters) The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna ”for the developmen
39、t of a method for gene editing”.(（路透社，2020年10月13日）瑞典皇家科学院决定将2020年诺贝尔化学奖颁给艾曼纽夏蓬迪埃和珍妮佛杜娜，“因为他们开发了一种基因编辑方法”。)”以及最后一句“These genetic scissors have taken the life sciences into a new page and, in many ways,are bringing the greatest benefit to humans.(这些基因剪刀将生命科学带入了一个新的篇章，并且在许多方面给人类带来了最大的好处)”可知，本文主要阐述了两位科学
40、家艾曼纽夏蓬迪埃和珍妮佛杜娜对于基因剪刀的重大发现，将生命科学带入了一个新的篇章。可以看出这是一篇有关于科学的新闻报导，且第一段还有报导时间和“路透社”。由此推知，本文是一篇新闻报道。故选C项。 D My grandma is the best pie maker in the world. So when she called me to say that one of her pies was missing, I knew that it was serious. I hurried to Grandmas house and suddenly realized that I hadnt
41、 visited her in a long time. “Start from the beginning,” I said. “I cut the pumpkin pie into six pieces,” she began. “A pumpkin pie! My favorite kind! This is even more serious than I thought.” I took out a small notebook and a pencil. “Now, when did you last see this pie?” “You mean the whole? I ba
42、ked it this morning,” said Grandma. “Then the doorbell rang. It was the leaf collector.” “Just as I suspected,” I said, writing down “leaf collector”. “He stole the pie.” “Oh, no,” Grandma said. “He just wanted me to know that he was finished. I gave him a piece for his good job.” I put a line throu
43、gh leaf collector.Then what happened? “When I went outside with his piece, the mail carrier was there. She told me she could smell that pie all the way. “Aha!” I wrote down “mail carrier”. “She stole the pie.”“No, I gave her a piece myself.” “Go on, please.” I said. “Then the phone rang, and it was
44、my neighbor, Gloria Ketchum with the cats. I nodded and wrote G.K.”. “She calls me every day to see if I need anything. So I invited her and her daughter over for some pie.” “Grandma! No one stole the pie. You gave away all the pieces. One to the leaf collector. Another to the mail carrier. You and
45、Gloria each had one. And her daughters is five.” “Altogether six pieces!” Grandma said. “Maybe it was one of Gloria s cats, or maybe a monster took it.” Grandma hid her face in her handkerchief; I couldnt tell if she was laughing or blowing her nose. I had to search for more clues. I opened the door
46、 of the refrigerator and asked “Whats this?” Grandma looked surprised. “Thats it!” She said, “Ill just warm it up. You must be hungry from the work, Jane!” I did find the pie. And it was delicious just as I suspected. 12. Who got a piece of pie for bringing Grandmas groceries? A. The leaf collector.
47、B. The mail carrier.C. The neighbor.D. The author. 13. What is Grandmas real reason for calling the author? A. She found a piece of her pumpkin pie missing. B. Someone was needed to look into the strange case. C. The author did well in making the right judgement. D. She wanted to find a good excuse
48、to meet the author. 14. Why didnt the author open the fridge at first? A. Because she believed the pie was stolen.B. Because she didnt know where the pie was. C. Because she didnt want to ruin the game.D. Because she thought Grandma made a mistake. 15 What does the passage mainly tell us? A. He who
49、laughs last laughs best.B. You are the apple of my eye. C. Honesty is the best policy.D. Observation is the best teacher. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的奶奶因为找不到自己做的派，而打电话给作者，让作者帮忙寻找的故事，最后作者也明白了这只不过是奶奶想要自己来看望她的一个借口，作者也没有戳穿奶奶的这个游戏，体现了奶奶与作者之间的子孙情深。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第六段“Then the phone rang, and it was my neighbor, Gloria Ketchum with the cats. I nodded and wrote G.K. She calls me every day to see if I need anything. So I invited her and her daughter over for some pie.(“然后电话铃响了，是我养猫的邻居Gloria Ketchum。”我点点头，写下“G.K.”。“她每天打电话给我，问我是否需要什么。所以我邀请她和她女儿过来吃派。”)”可知，是因