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1、必修必修 1 1UnitUnit 5 5NelsonNelsonMandelaMandelaa a modernmodern herohero能力演练能力演练一、语法填空一、语法填空专题训练（一）专题训练（一）巧用派生词，做好语法填空巧用派生词，做好语法填空技巧点拨要做好高考语法填空题中的词语派生题，关键是掌握词语搭配关系，然后将所给单词变成该搭配所需要的形式。因此，请理解并牢记下表内容。句子成分概念描述所处语境适用词类主语什么人或什么事、动作的发出者句子最前面，冠词、物主代词、some，any，other 等不定代词后名词、代词、不定式、动名词宾语动作的对象、承受者及物动词或介词后，冠词、物
2、主代词、some，any，other 等不定代词后谓语表明主语干什么或是什么主语后动词表语说明主语的身份、特征或状态系动词后形容词、名词、少数副词、介词短语、分词补足语补充说明主语或宾语宾语或被动式谓语后定语修饰或限定名词或代词名词前，something 等不定代词后形容词状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子动词前后，形容词或副词前，句首副词活学活用阅读下面短文，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his1(month)bill when his young son rushed
3、in and announced,“Dad,becausethis is your birthday and you are 55 years old,Im going to give you 55kisses,one for each year!”But the father exclaimed,“Oh,Peter,donm too busy!”The boy immediately fell2(silence)as tears rolled down from his bigblue eyes.3(apologize)the father said,“You can finish late
4、r.”The boy said nothing but4(quiet)walked away,5(disappont)written over his face.That evening the father said,“Come andfinish the kisses now,Peter!”But the boy didnt respond.6(fortunate),the boy had an accident and was drowned.His heartbrokenfather wrote,“If only I could tell him how much I regret m
5、y7(thought)words and could be assured that he knows how much my heart isaching.”Love is a twoway street.Any loving act must be8(warm)accepted or it will be taken as9(reject)and can leave ascar.Nothing is more10(importance)than responding with love tothe cry for love from those who are near and preci
6、ous to us.二、完形填空二、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 115 各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。I was a single parent of four small children,working at a lowpaid job.ButI didnt want my childrento know we were poor,so when christmaswas drawing near,I decided to give them some money to buy some1.They planned weeks ahead of t
7、ime,asking2what they wanted forChristmas.Fortunately,I had saved 120 for3to share by all five ofus.The big4arrived.I gave each kid a twentydollar bill and5themto look for gifts of about four dollars each.JP3Then everyone scattered（散开）.We had two hours to shop;then we would6back at the“Santa,s Worksh
8、op”.Driving home,everyone was in high Christmas spirits,7my youngerdaughter,Ginger,who was unusually8.She had only one small,flat bagwith a few candiesfiftycent candies!I was so angry,but I didn,t sayanything9 JP3 we got home.I called her into my bedroom and closedthe JP2door,10to be angry again.Thi
9、s is what she told me.“I was looking11thinking of what to buy,and I12to read thelittle cards on the Giving Trees.One was for a little girl,four yearsold,and all she13for Christmas was a doll（玩具娃娃）.So I took thecard off the tree and14the doll for her.We have so much and shedoesn,t have anything.”I ne
10、ver felt so15as I did that day.2.A.the otherB.each otherC.one by oneD.every other one3.A.toys三、阅读理解三、阅读理解专题训练专题训练(一一)阅读中的猜词技巧（阅读中的猜词技巧（5）根据生活经验常识和逻辑推理推测词义根据生活经验常识和逻辑推理推测词义方法点拨有时候，逻辑推理和自身的生活经验及普通常识能帮助我们确定词义。如:例 1：The snake slithered through the grass.根据有关蛇的生活习性和知识，我们可以推出 snither 的词义为“爬行”。例 2：Fishes l
11、ive in water and have fins which help them to swim.Mostfishes have slimy skins covered with scales,but in fishes such as eels thescales are very small and can hardly be seen.凭常识我们不难猜出 fins,slimy 和 scales 的确切意思分别是“鳍”、“滑溜的”和“鳞”，对于 eels 一词，我们只需知道是 fish 的一种（鳝鱼类）就行了。例 3：Not wanting to disturb the sleepin
12、g kitten,I gingerly lifted her fromthe box and put her on a blanket near the heater.根据前半句的 Not wanting to disturb（不愿打扰），我们便可大致推测出 gingerly 一词的含义：“小心翼翼地”。活学活用（一）根据上述技巧,猜测下列划线词的词义。1.The man walked briskly to keep warm on the very cold night.2.The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.3.When
13、 a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives ananaesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want hispatient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.4.If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest，and ifyou can engage in physical exercise for hou
14、rs without seeming to gettired，then you are indefatigable.ut no one panicked,we passed the time telling stories.（二）阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务。(2009 年全国卷)I know you,re thinking:Pizza(比萨饼)？For breakfast？But the truth is thatyou can have last night,s leftover in the am if you want to.I know lots of women who ski
15、p breakfast(不吃早餐),and they have a tonof different excuses for doing it.Some say they don,t have time,othersthink they are saving calories(卡路里),still others just don,t like breakfastfood.But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important whenyou are trying to lose weight.“Eating just
16、 about anything from 300 to 400calorieswouldbebetterthannothingatall,”says KatherineBrooking,R.D,who developed the super easy eating plan for this year,sSELFCHALLENGE.“And even pizza can be healthy if its loaded withvegetables,and you stick to one small piece.”Breakfast is one meal I never miss,and
17、the same goes for most weight losssuccess stories.Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you fromovereating late in the day.Researchers at the University of SouthernCalifornia found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gainingweight than those who regularly have a morning meal.So eat
18、something in the morning,anything.I know plenty of friends whoend up having no breakfast altogether,and have just coffee or orangejuice.I say,try heating up last nights leftoversit may sound crazy,but ifit works for you,do it!I find if I tell myself,“You can always eat ittomorrow,”I put away the lef
19、tovers instead of eating more that night.Tryit.You may save yourself some prebedtime calories.And watch your bodygain the fatburning effects!.根据所读短文，写一篇 30 词左右的摘要。_.根据短文，选择最佳答案。1.The word“leftovers”in Paragraph 1 probably means_.A.food remaining after a mealB.things left undoneC.meals made of vegeta
20、blesD.pizza topped with fruit2.What can we infer from the passage?A.Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.B.Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.C.There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.D.Eating vegetables helps save energy.3.According to the last paragraph,it is important to _
21、.A.eat something for breakfastB.be careful about what you eatC.heat up food before eating itD.eat caloriecontrolled food4.The text is written mainly for those_.A.who go to work earlyB.who want to lose weightC.who stay up lateD.who eat before sleep5.What does the underlined sentence mean?A.Skipping b
22、reakfast is helpful if you want to lose weight.B.Eating breakfast will make you fatter.C.Eating breakfast can help lose weight.D.You can,t lose weight without breakfast.参考答案参考答案一、二、1.解析:母亲打算给孩子们买些圣诞礼物。答案：A2.解析:由“I had saved 120 for presents to share by all five of us.”可知，孩子们彼此询问对方需要什么样的礼物，故选 B。答案：B3
23、.解析:由上下文信息可知，这 120 美元是用来买“礼物”的，故 C 正确。答案：C4.解析:根据语境可知“购物的那一天终于到了”，故选 A。答案：A5.解析:force sb.to do sth.“迫使某人做某事”；remind sb.to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”；invite sb.to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”；beg sb.to do sth.“乞求某人做某事”。根据语境可知，“我”提醒孩子们留意大约 4 美元一份的礼物，故选 B。答案：B6.解析:draw back“收回”;无 stay back;move back 返回来；meet 相遇，遇见。由语境可知，我们有
24、两个小时的购物时间，然后我们回来在“Santas Workshop”见面。答案：D以外（不包括在内）等同于 but;D.regarding 关于。根据文意：开车回家时，除了我的小女儿 Ginger 以外，每个人都处于一种高度兴奋的状态，Ginger 是非比寻常的安静。答案：C8.解析:A.quiet 安静的；B.excited 兴奋的；C.happy 高兴的；D.ashamed羞耻的。根据此整句意思可知选 A。答案：A9.解析:not.until.直到才，据句意可知：我很生气，但是直到到家我才开始说话。答案：D10.解析:根据语境可知：我把她叫到我的卧室，关上房门，准备要发火。ready to
25、 do 准备好做某事。be waiting to do 等着做某事；be hoping to do希望做某事；be afraid to do 不敢做某事。答案：B11.解析:look out 小心；look over 俯瞰；look forward to 盼望；lookaround 四下观看。根据语意，故选 D。答案：D12.解析:forgot to do 忘记要做某事；stop to do 停下来去做某事；fail todo 做某事失败；hate to do 不喜欢做某事。根据语意可知：我正在四下观望想着买什么，而且我停下来去读“许愿树”上的小卡片，故选 B。答案：B13.解析:圣诞节她想要
26、的是一个玩具娃娃。all she wanted 她想要的，主语从句。根据语意可知选 A。答案：A14.解析:根据语境，因此我从树上取下卡片，给她买了玩具娃娃。可知,buy sth.for sb.或 buy sb.sth.给某人买某物。答案：C15.解析:首尾呼应。根据文章开篇我们得知“我”家境贫寒，但是通过此事，“我”从来也没感觉像那天那么富有。A.生气的；B.富有的；C.耐心的；D.苦味的，辛酸的。答案：B三、（一）1.解析：这个句子的时间状语为一个寒冷的夜晚，所做的动作为走动(walked)，目的是保暖(to keep warm)，因此凭借我们平时的生活经验得知，人只有在快步走时才会暖和。
27、因此即使推测不出单词 briskly 的确切意思，也可以知道它有“快速活动”的意思。答案：快速地2.解析：本句前半句的意思是门太矮了。根据生活经验，不小心会很容易被上面的门框撞到，因此推测 lintel 为“门框”之意。答案：门框3.解析：根据直接或间接的经验，一般具有一点医学常识的人都知道医生在给病人动手术之前，为了减轻病人的痛苦，往往给病人注射麻醉剂使病人失去知觉后再动手术。根据这一常识，通过上下文就能比较准确地确定“anaesthetic”一词的意思应该是“麻醉剂”。答案：麻醉剂4.解析：根据上下文分析，如果一个人能连续工作 12 个小时，能进行体育锻炼数小时而不知疲倦，那么，我们就可以
28、作出符合逻辑的推断，这个人一定是一个“不知疲倦的”人。将这个词义代入原句中，很合乎逻辑，那么这种推理很可能是正确的。答案：不知疲倦的5解析：被困在电梯里，一般都会觉得“恐慌、害怕”。答案：恐慌，害怕（二）.Many people skip breakfast in order to loseweight,but they may overeat late in the day.So eating breakfast isimportant.1.解析：根据生活常识可知此处指吃“前一天晚上的剩饭”。答案：A解析：第二段分析人们不吃早餐的理由。答案：B.解析：第三段第一句和最后一段都告诉人们吃早餐很重要。答案：A.解析：本文指出不吃早餐不仅不能减肥，反而会增加体重，由此可知本文对不吃早餐的减肥者提出警示和忠告。答案：B